Matter and Energy on Earth - Bio

In this image, you can see solar radiation going through ocean water. Does the image show absorption or reflection?

absorption

An ocean food web is shown. Which organism has the most available energy? -sea urchin -sea otter -kelp -elephant seal

kelp

Which organism is a carnivore? -giraffe -elephant -lion -bear

lion

In which part of the cell is the majority of the energy released from the breakdown of glucose? -nucleus -mitochondrion -cytoplasm -plasma membrane

mitochondrion

What do plants need to make their own food? Check all that apply. -water -nectar -carbon dioxide -oxygen -energy

water carbon dioxide energy

A model that shows the many interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem is a food ________

web

Which product of respiration is used for tissue repair and cellular function? -carbon dioxide -water -energy -oxygen

energy

Food contains a sugar called _____________, which is broken down in a process called cellular _______________ . This process uses _____________ to break down food molecules and provide energy for cells

glucose respiration oxygen

Which category includes the terms carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs? -solar radiation -systems -textures -greenhouse gases

greenhouse gases

Some precipitation that falls to Earth gets soaked up by soil. This water is referred to as ________________

groundwater

Classify each organism as a carnivore, an herbivore, or an omnivore. -buffalo -bear -spider -cow

herbivore omnivore carnivore herbivore

Carbon, nitrogen, and water are recycled through ecosystems many times. Which one of these eventually breaks down completely?

nitrogen

What is free nitrogen? -nitrogen that is ready for plants to use -nitrogen that has been fixed by bacteria -nitrogen that cannot be used by organisms -nitrogen that is returned to the soil by decomposers

nitrogen that cannot be used by organisms

Where in an equation for photosynthesis does carbon dioxide belong? -on the left side, because it is a product -on the right side, because it is a product -on the right side, because it is a reactant -on the left side, because it is a reactant

on the left side, because it is a reactant

Water is made up of which two elements? -carbon and nitrogen -carbon and hydrogen -oxygen and nitrogen -oxygen and hydrogen

oxygen and hydrogen

Which human activity would most likely decrease the amount of carbon in the atmosphere? -clearing forests -heating coal -burning wood -planting trees

planting trees

Which organisms create all usable food energy on Earth? -consumers -decomposers -heterotrophs -producers

producers

In a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis, ______________ are the substances present before the reaction.

reactants

Some bacteria live in the roots of plants like soybeans and peas. What is the role of these bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? -to absorb nitrogen-containing compounds from the soil -to release free nitrogen into the atmosphere -to break down nitrogen-containing compounds in dead organisms -to convert free nitrogen into usable nitrogen

to convert free nitrogen into usable nitrogen

Which activity would most likely contribute to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

using electricty

This table shows situations that are affecting the Earth's energy balance in certain areas. Which situations would result in an increase in the Earth's surface temperature in that area? Check all that apply. -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

2 3 5

Kate wrote the steps of the carbon cycle to describe how carbon is cycled through specific organisms. The steps are in random order. 1 - The rabbit decomposes. 2 - The rabbit eats the carrot plant. 3 - The carrot plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis. 4 - Carbon compounds are returned to the soil. Which lists the steps in order? -2, 3, 1, 4 -3, 2, 1, 4 -3, 4, 2, 1 -2, 4, 3, 1

3, 2, 1, 4

Which statement accurately summarizes the law of conservation of energy? -Energy in the universe is always changing in quantity. -Energy can change from one type to another. -Energy can be created or destroyed. -Energy and mass are not related to each other.

Energy can change from one type to another.

Eliana made a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the two stages of cellular respiration. Which belongs in the area marked X? -Energy is released. -Oxygen is used up. -Glucose is broken down. -Carbon dioxide is used up.

Energy is released.

If greenhouse gases in the atmosphere act like a blanket around the Earth, how is this "blanket" being changed by human activities? -It is getting thinner and keeping the Earth cooler. -It is getting thicker and keeping the Earth cooler. -It is getting thicker and keeping the Earth warmer. -It is getting thinner and keeping the Earth warmer.

It is getting thicker and keeping the Earth warmer.

Consumers at each trophic level convert only 10% of the energy in their food to energy for themselves. What happens to the other 90% of the energy their food produces? Check all that apply. -It is lost as gas in the atmosphere. -It is lost as heat. -It is used in life processes. -It is passed directly to offspring. -It is released once the organism dies.

It is lost as heat. It is used in life processes.

What happens to the energy that is stored in cells? Check all that apply. -It is released slowly. -It is released quickly. -It is released in a single reaction. -It is released in a series of reactions. -It is used by cells for repair and growth.

It is released slowly. It is released in a series of reactions. It is used by cells for repair and growth.

Which best explains how photosynthesis is helpful to humans? -It reduces the amount of harmful rays released by the sun. -It increases the levels of carbon dioxide in the air. -It provides oxygen for humans to breathe. -It produces proteins, which humans can eat.

It provides oxygen for humans to breathe

Li Ming thinks that chlorophyll is a reactant of photosynthesis, but her classmate Julian disagrees. Who is correct, and why? -Li Ming is correct because chlorophyll is a substance that is present before the chemical reaction of photosynthesis takes place. -Li Ming is correct because chlorophyll is a substance that is formed from the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. -Julian is correct because chlorophyll is a product, not a reactant, of photosynthesis. -Julian is correct because chlorophyll is neither used up nor formed in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

Julian is correct because chlorophyll is neither used up nor formed in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

Which describes interactions between substances and stomata during photosynthesis? Check all that apply. -Oxygen enters stomata. -Oxygen is released through stomata. -Carbon dioxide enters stomata. -Carbon dioxide is released through stomata. -Hydrogen enters stomata. -Hydrogen is released through stomata.

Oxygen is released through stomata. Carbon dioxide enters stomata.

Which statements describe the energy in a food web? Check all that apply. -When an organism eats another organism, it loses energy. -Producers have the greatest amount of available energy. -Energy can follow many different paths. -When an organism eats another organism, it gains energy. -Producers have the least amount of available energy. -Energy always follows a single path.

Producers have the greatest amount of available energy. Energy can follow many different paths. When an organism eats another organism, it gains energy.

How does the use of fertilizer affect the nitrogen cycle?

When farmers harvest crops, a lot of the plant material is also removed. Little is left to decay and return nitrogen to the soil. If the soil stays this way, it will start producing fewer crops. Fertilizer contains the nitrogen compounds that are essential for plant growth. It can be used to replace the nitrogen in the soil to ensure the growth of healthy crops.

___________ enters the stomata. ______________ exits the stomata. ___________ is absorbed by the roots.

carbon dioxide oxygen water

Peter is burning fossil fuels as he uses his lawn mower. Which greenhouse gases is he generating? -nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide -CFCs and nitrous oxide -methane and CFCs -carbon dioxide and methane

carbon dioxide and methane

What does the xylem do? -stores the glucose -captures the sunlight -absorbs oxygen into the leaf -carries water from the roots to the leaves

carries water from the roots to the leaves

How does photosynthesis occur? The reactants collect in the ________________. __________ energy from the sun drives chemical reactions. The products include glucose and _____________, which is released into the air.

chloroplast Light oxygen

During which process of the water cycle does water change from a gas to a liquid? -precipitation -condensation -transpiration -evaporation

condensation

Once water vapor has been released into the atmosphere, it rises and cools, turning back into a liquid. What is this process called? -evaporation -condensation -fixation -precipitation

condensation

The diagram shows an energy pyramid. If the plankton contain 100,000 kcal of energy, about how much energy will the manta ray obtain from eating the starfish? -10 kcal -100 kcal -1,000 kcal -10,000 kcal

100 kcal

Refer to the diagram and use the drop-down menus to answer each question. How much energy is reflected by the Earth system? How much energy is absorbed by the Earth system?

31% 69%

Sammy is taking notes to study for a test. He wrote out the steps that involve hydrogen during photosynthesis. The steps are shown, but they are not in the correct order. 1 - Water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen. 2 - Glucose is broken down to be used by plants. 3 - Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form glucose. 4 - Hydrogen enters the plant as part of water. Which lists the correct order of the steps? -4, 2, 1, 3 -4, 1, 3, 2 -4, 3, 1, 2 -4, 2, 3, 1

4, 1, 3, 2

What does it mean for Earth to have a balanced energy budget? Why is it important?

A balanced energy budget means that the energy that enters the Earth system is equal to the energy that leaves the Earth system. A balance in Earth's energy budget is important in maintaining Earth's average global temperature of 15°C. This temperature is critical for supporting life on Earth as we know it. If this energy balance is upset in such a way that the global temperature changes drastically, organisms may not survive.

Which statement explains the most realistic way to model energy flow in an ecosystem? -A food chain is most realistic because many organisms eat one type of food, and energy moves through a single pathway. -A food chain is most realistic because many organisms eat a variety of foods, and energy moves through different pathways. -A food web is most realistic because many organisms eat one type of food, and energy moves through a single pathway. -A food web is most realistic because many organisms eat a variety of foods, and energy moves through different pathways.

A food web is most realistic because many organisms eat a variety of foods, and energy moves through different pathways.

What are the roles of a decomposer? Check all that apply. -Decomposers kill harmful microorganisms. -Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms. -Decomposers provide oxygen to the atmosphere. -Decomposers convert sunlight into food energy. -Decomposers recycle nutrients in the environment.

Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms. Decomposers recycle nutrients in the environment.

Which statements accurately describe the roles of decomposers in the carbon cycle? Check all that apply. -Decomposers release carbon dioxide into the air as waste. -Decomposers remove carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis. -Decomposers break down the remains of dead plants and animals. -Decomposers return carbon compounds to the soil. -Decomposers use carbon to make food molecules.

Decomposers release carbon dioxide into the air as waste. Decomposers break down the remains of dead plants and animals. Decomposers return carbon compounds to the soil.

What would happen if most of Earth's surface suddenly became covered with ice? -Earth would cool down because it would reflect more solar radiation. -Earth would cool down because it would absorb more solar radiation. -Earth would warm up because it would reflect more solar radiation. -Earth would warm up because it would absorb more solar radiation.

Earth would cool down because it would reflect more solar radiation.

What would happen if there was a sudden increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere? -Earth would suddenly cool down because more heat would leave the Earth system and go back to space. -Earth would suddenly cool down because solar radiation would not be able to flow through the atmosphere. -Earth would suddenly warm up because more heat from the atmosphere would be radiated toward Earth's surface. -Earth would suddenly warm up because more heat from the Sun would be allowed to enter the atmosphere.

Earth would suddenly warm up because more heat from the atmosphere would be radiated toward Earth's surface.

How does cellular respiration explain why animals breathe rapidly when they are running? -Energy is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs oxygen to produce more energy. -Energy is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide to produce more energy. -Glucose is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs oxygen to make glucose. -Glucose is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide to make glucose.

Energy is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs oxygen to produce more energy.

Explain why a food web is a more realistic model of energy flow than a food chain.

Food chains only show one path by which energy can move through an ecosystem. Because most organisms eat a variety of things, they are part of many food chains. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and the multiple paths through which energy can move, which is why it is a more realistic model for showing energy flow.

Which describes the role of oxygen in photosynthesis? -It is a reactant, so it is released by the plant. -It is a product, so it is released by the plant. -It is a reactant, so it enters the plant. -It is a product, so it enters the plant.

It is a product, so it is released by the plant.

Which describes the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis? -It is a reactant, so it is released by the plant. -It is a product, so it is released by the plant. -It is a reactant, so it enters the plant. -It is a product, so it enters the plant.

It is a reactant, so it enters the plant.

Which statements accurately describe the greenhouse effect? Check all that apply. -It is caused by liquids on Earth's surface. -It is caused by gases in Earth's atmosphere. -It warms up Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere. -It cools down Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere. -It maintains Earth's normal atmospheric pressure. -It maintains Earth's normal range of temperatures.

It is caused by gases in Earth's atmosphere. It warms up Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere. It maintains Earth's normal range of temperatures.

The diagram illustrates photosynthesis. Which best describes what is happening in the area marked Y? -Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through stomata. -Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere through stomata. -Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through xylem. -Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere through xylem.

Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through stomata

Describe how a food chain follows the law of conservation of energy.

Producers are the basis of all food chains because they produce food not only for themselves, but also for all other organisms. When consumers eat producers and other consumers, energy is passed up the food chain. However, with each additional link in the food chain, energy is always lost. According to the law of conservation of energy, though, this "lost" energy does not disappear; it only changes form.

Which statement accurately describes how the color and texture of a surface affect absorption and reflection of solar radiation? -Light colors absorb more energy than dark colors. -Light colors reflect less energy than dark colors. -Rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces. -Rough surfaces reflect more energy than smooth surfaces.

Rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces.

Which statement best describes the effect of texture on absorption of radiant energy? -Rough and smooth surfaces do not absorb energy. -Rough and smooth surfaces affect the absorption equally. -Rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces. -Rough surfaces absorb less energy than smooth surfaces.

Rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces.

Why is Earth cooler in winter than in summer? and How can the absorption and reflection of energy in winter be described ?

The angle of the sun is low and less energy is absorbed and more energy is reflected

Which scenario ensures that Earth's global temperature is maintained? -The energy that flows into the Earth system is less than the energy that flows out of the Earth system. -The energy that flows into the Earth system is equal to the energy that flows out of the Earth system. -The energy that flows into the Earth system is greater than the energy that flows out of the Earth system.

The energy that flows into the Earth system is equal to the energy that flows out of the Earth system.

Summarize the two stages of cellular respiration. Be sure to explain where in the cell each stage occurs.

The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. This is where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. A small amount of energy is also released. The second stage occurs in the mitochondrion. This is where the small molecules combine with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and a large amount of energy.

What is the greenhouse effect? How does it occur and why is it important?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process by which the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere are warmed by certain gases in the atmosphere, helping to maintain the normal range of temperatures on Earth. The energy released by Earth's surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gas molecules then re-release some of this heat back toward Earth's surface, warming it. The greenhouse effect is important because it allows life to exist on Earth by maintaining an average temperature that supports life.

How is the law of conservation of mass applied to ecology?

The law of conservation of mass states that the total amount of mass remains constant in a system. In ecology, this means that when an organism is eaten, its mass is conserved. Some of the organism's mass is used to make new proteins, and some of it is passed as waste in the form of urine or feces. The rest is converted directly into energy. This energy helps the consumer to move and grow, and it helps it to build and repair new tissue.

Study the diagram of a desert food chain. What would most likely happen if the kangaroo rats were killed off and removed from the food chain? -The number of snakes would increase. -The number of cactus plants would increase. -The number of foxes would be unaffected. -The number of cactus plants would be unaffected.

The number of cactus plants would increase.

Which best explains why a thick tropical forest filled with large plants typically has a lot of water vapor in the air? -The plants undergo transpiration. -The plants undergo condensation. -The plants prevent water from evaporating. -The plants prevent water from becoming runoff.

The plants undergo transpiration.

Solar radiation bounces off of a polar ice cap, then goes into the atmosphere where it remains trapped. Which statement best describes this situation? -The radiation is absorbed by the ice and then reflected by the atmosphere. -The radiation is reflected by the ice and then absorbed by the atmosphere. -The radiation is absorbed by the ice and atmosphere. -The radiation is reflected by the ice and atmosphere.

The radiation is reflected by the ice and then absorbed by the atmosphere.

Earth's surface absorbs forty-six percent of incoming solar radiation. Would more of this energy be absorbed in deserts or in rain forests? Explain your answer.

The rain forests would absorb more incoming solar radiation because rain forests have darker colors and rougher surfaces than deserts. Dark colors absorb more energy than light colors and rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces.

Explain the process of photosynthesis in a plant in deta

The roots absorb water and nutrients. Water is carried to the leaf by the xylem in the stem. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata. Energy from the sun is captured by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. The process begins once these three reactants are present. Sunlight provides energy for a series of chemical reactions. Molecules break apart and join with other molecules to form glucose, which is a sugar or food for the plant, and oxygen, which is released into the air.

Which statements best describe the first stage of cellular respiration? Check all that apply. The stage happens in cytoplasm. The stage happens in mitochondria. Oxygen combines with small molecules. Glucose is broken down. Energy is released.

The stage happens in cytoplasm. Glucose is broken down. Energy is released.

Which statement best describes the Earth's energy budget? -The temperature increases when energy in is greater than energy out, and temperature decreases when energy out is greater than energy in. -The temperature decreases when energy in is greater than energy out, and temperature increases when energy out is greater than energy in. -Energy in never equals energy out. -Energy in and energy out are unrelated.

The temperature increases when energy in is greater than energy out, and temperature decreases when energy out is greater than energy in.

How do plants obtain nitrogen? -They remove it from the air. -They absorb it through their roots. -They fix it in their leaves. -They produce it in their stems.

They absorb it through their roots.

How do consumers obtain the carbon that they need for their life processes? -They breathe it in from the surrounding air. -They break down the plants and animals they eat. -They absorb it from the surrounding soil. -They absorb it from water through their pores.

They break down the plants and animals they eat.

How do decomposers conserve mass? -They create new mass as old organisms die. -They recycle mass back into the ecosystem. -They destroy excess mass in the environment. -They convert mass into sunlight by photosynthesis.

They recycle mass back into the ecosystem.

Mr. Swerdlow wrote a chemical equation on the board and asked his class what should be changed to make it correct. He wrote: water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen + energy What should be changed to show the correct chemical reaction? -Carbon dioxide should be traded with glucose, and energy should be shown on both sides. -Water should by moved to the products side, and glucose and oxygen should both be moved to the reactants side. -Water and carbon dioxide should both be moved to the products side, and glucose and oxygen should be moved to the reactants side. -Glucose should be moved to the reactants side, and water and carbon dioxide should both be moved to the products side.

Water and carbon dioxide should both be moved to the products side, and glucose and oxygen should be moved to the reactants side.

Mrs. Zerlinsky wrote a chemical equation on the board and asked her class what should be changed to make it correct. She wrote: water + glucose → carbon dioxide + oxygen + energy What should be changed to show the correct chemical reaction? -Water should be traded with oxygen. -Glucose should be traded with oxygen. -Water should be traded with carbon dioxide. -Glucose should be traded with carbon dioxide

Water should be traded with oxygen.

Contrast how energy is transferred directly and indirectly through a food chain by giving an example of each from the text.

When a squirrel eats an acorn, it gets the food energy stored in the acorn directly. When the owl eats the squirrel, the owl gets the energy from the acorn indirectly through the squirrel.

Complete the passage to explain what happens to incoming solar radiation when it reaches Earth. Solar radiation interacts with surfaces and objects in the Earth system. Energy from solar radiation may be _____________ or taken in by a surface or an object. In this case, the energy goes through the surface and stays in the object. Energy also may be _____________ or bounce off a surface or an object, in which case, the energy does not go through the surface and does not stay in the object.

absorbed reflected

During photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to start a reaction with ______________ and water. This reaction produces ________________, a type of sugar. ______________ is also produced and released into the atmosphere.

carbon dioxide glucose oxygen

Which structures capture energy from sunlight? -roots -seeds -stomata -chloroplasts

chloroplasts

Which is the first surface that has the potential to come into contact with solar radiation? -icebergs -clouds -the ocean -land

clouds

Which would likely absorb the least solar radiation? -sky -sweater -clouds -mountain

clouds

Study the ocean food web. Which organism gains energy directly from eating the krill? -phytoplankton -cod -leopard seal -zooplankton

cod

A ______________ is an organism that eats other organisms to gain energy; it is also called _____________. A _______________ is an organism that makes its own food; it is also called _______________. A _______________ is an organism that breaks down waste and dead organisms.

consumer heterotroph producer autotroph decomposer

In which two locations does cellular respiration occur? -chloroplast -cytoplasm -nucleus -mitochondrion -plasma membrane

cytoplasm mitochondrion

Which must an animal do in order for cellular respiration to begin? -turn energy into sugars -eat food -gain energy -change sugars into food

eat food

Radiant energy is energy associated with _____________________ waves.

electromagnetic

Rosa has a vegetable garden. She places earthworms, which are decomposers, in the garden soil. What is Rosa most likely trying to do? -prevent insects from eating the plants -create usable food energy for the plants -enrich the soil with nutrients -kill the bacteria in the soil

enrich the soil with nutrients

Which best describes the path of solar radiation? -from the surface of the Earth to the Sun, where it is absorbed -from the Sun to the surface of the Earth, where it is absorbed or reflected -from the surface of the Earth to the Sun, where it is absorbed or reflected -from the Sun to the surface of the Earth, where it is reflected

from the Sun to the surface of the Earth, where it is absorbed or reflected

What are the reactants of cellular respiration? Check all that apply. -carbon dioxide -energy -glucose -oxygen -water

glucose oxygen

Choose the words or phrases that correctly complete the statement. Check all that apply. All living things -grow. -need energy. -respond to stimuli. -are multicellular. -are made of cells.

grow. need energy. respond to stimuli.. are made of cells.

Which would result in the most reflected energy? -ice in the winter -water in the summer -ice in the summer -water in the winter

ice in the winter

Which is a reactant in the cellular respiration reaction? -water -oxygen -mitochondria -cytoplasm

oxygen

Complete the chemical equation for cellular respiration. Glucose + ___________ → ____________ + water + _____________

oxygen carbon dioxide energy

Which products result from the process of photosynthesis? Check all that apply. -water -energy -glucose -oxygen -nitrogen -carbon dioxide

oxygen glucose

In the mitochondrion, small molecules combine with _____________ to produce __________ and carbon dioxide. This process releases a large amount of ___________.

oxygen water energy

What occurs when solar radiation bounces off a surface? -texturization -absorption -reflection -energization

reflection

In which way will energy be used after it leaves the mitochondrion during cellular respiration? -repairing parts of damaged tissue -combining with carbon dioxide -building new oxygen molecules -starting the second stage of respiration

repairing parts of damaged tissue

Which best defines nitrogen fixation? -the process of creating free nitrogen for plants to absorb -the breakdown of nitrogen in the soil -the conversion of nitrogen gas into a usable form -the destruction of the bonds between nitrogen and other elements

the conversion of nitrogen gas into a usable form

What average global temperature is maintained when there is a balance in Earth's energy budget? -1°C -15°C -37°C -98°C

15°C

Carla drew a diagram to compare the roles of oxygen and hydrogen in photosynthesis. Which label belongs in the area marked Y? -Enters plant as a part of water -Combines with carbon dioxide -Is released into air through stomata -Is stored in leaves for later use

Enters plant as a part of water

Explain how human activity can affect the carbon cycle.

Human activity can affect the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. When fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere as waste. The clear cutting of forests for lumber and fuel also increases levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because the trees can no longer remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. If trees are burned in order to be cleared, the burning processes release even more carbon dioxide into the air.

Which chemical can be toxic to the cells if it is not removed? -oxygen -glucose -water -carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

Which of these would you expect to see in a diagram of Earth's energy budget? Check all that apply. -atmosphere -stars -clouds -land -moon

atmosphere clouds land

In Alaska, salmon feed on tiny plants called phytoplankton. During late summer, salmon gather in rivers to reproduce. Grizzly bears visit these rivers to feed on the large number of salmon. Phytoplankton are ____________. Both the salmon and the grizzly bears are _____________. Grizzly bears are _______________.

autotrophs consumers secondary consumers

An energy pyramid shows the amount of ___________ available at each feeding level in an ecosystem.

energy

Which organisms release carbon dioxide as waste? -consumers only -consumers and decomposers -producers and decomposers -producers only

consumers and decomposers

At which stage is glucose broken into smaller molecules? -before cellular respiration begins -during the first stage of cellular respiration -during the second stage of cellular respiration -at the end of cellular respiration

during the first stage of cellular respiration

White-tailed deer eat green plants, acorns, fruits, nuts, and twigs. Which describes the role of a white-tailed deer? -autotrophic omnivore -heterotrophic omnivore -autotrophic herbivore -heterotrophic herbivore

heterotrophic herbivore

Which activity is least likely to increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? -using fertilizers on crops -using non-chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants -running a gasoline-based generator -driving in a bus

using non-chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants