MBIO12013 - Microbiology for Health Care

Which of the following is NOT true of endospores? a. They are formed by all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. b. They are formed under adverse conditions. c. Only one endospore is formed from each bacterial cell. d. They consist of DNA enclosed in a spore coat. e. They can withstand boiling at 100 degrees C.

d. They consist of DNA enclosed in a spore coat.

Viral diseases can be diagnosed by a. signs and symptoms. b. serology. c. measurement of antibody titre. d. fluorescent antibody test. e. all of the other answers.

e. All of the other answers

A swab from an infected wound is stained with the gram stain and examined under the microscope. The purpose of gram staining the specimen is to

Assist in identifying the organism.

One of the functions of a bacterial capsule is to

Assist the organism to avoid phagocytosis (engulfed by immune cells).

Procaryotic cells can be distinguished from eucaryotic cells because the former

Lack subcellular organelles

Microbiology is the study of

Microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

Influenza A virus is able to cause infections year after year because

Mutates regularly, changing its outer structures

Viruses that do not have an envelope are called

Naked

A major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is

Peptidoglycan

A virus which specifically attacks bacteria is called a

Phage

Bacteria which can have more than one cell shape are described as.

Pleomorphic

Plasmids are

Small pieces of DNA which may carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

The germ theory of disease

States that each infectious disease is caused by a particular microorganism.

Pilli are

Structures that assist bacterial cells to swim.

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Bacilli

The term acid fast bacilli refers to bacteria which

Belong to the genus Mycobacterium.

Procaryotic cells reproduce by

Binary fission

Enveloped animal viruses enter their host cell by fusing their envelope with the host plasma membrane.

True

Examples of fungi include the yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

True

Flagella are appendages that allow locomotion in bacteria.

True

The presence of viruses in a person's bloodstream is called

Viraemia

Endospores are formed when...

When bacterial growth is inhibited due to unfavourable conditions.

Prokaryotic cells consist of;

a cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm and DNA.

Which of the following functions, essential for life on earth, is performed by bacteria? a. The direct provision of food for humans b. The control of insect plagues c. The decomposition of organic material to recycle nutrients d. The production of bacterial hormones and growth factors

c. The decomposition of organic material to recycle nutrients

A virion is

A complete, mature virus, outside of a host cell.

The DNA that codes for the basic structure and function of a bacterium is

Contained in a single circular chromosome.

A population of bacterial cells has been placed in a very nutrient-poor environment with extremely low concentrations of sugars and amino acids. Which kind of membrane transport becomes crucial in this environment?

Active transport

Which of the following bacteria can produce endospores that cause serious disease?

Clostridium perfringens.

A bacterium with spherical cells that exist in pairs would be termed a

Diplococcus

Prions consist of genetic material in a protein coat.

False

Flagella are

Filaments of protein which enable bacterial cells to move.

The polysaccharide layer surrounding some bacteria is called a

Glycocalyx.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

The synthesis of cell wall components

Endospores are;

a. an important method of survival for some bacteria. b. not a method of reproduction. c. only formed by certain kinds of bacteria d. able to resist desiccation

Gram-positive bacteria differ from Gram-negative bacteria because they

a. have a different cell wall structure. b. contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan. c. stain blue with the Gram stain. d. are generally more susceptible to penicillin.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Bacterial cells contain several chromosomes. b. Plasmids are extrachromosomal pieces of DNA. c. Plasmids are found in all bacterial cells. d. Genes for antibiotic resistance are not found on plasmids. e. Bacterial DNA is single stranded

b. Plasmids are extrachromosomal pieces of DNA.

During viral infection in human cells the

viral DNA directs the host cell DNA to synthesise viral components.