MCAT Psych/Soc People
Schachter-Singer Theory (two-factor theory)
1 - physical arousal --> 2. cognitive labeling of that arousal --> 3. emotion
Piaget
4 Stages of Cognitive Dev SPCF - Sensorimotor (circular rxns), Preoperational (symbolic thinking-imagination, egocentrism, centration), Concrete Operational (logical thought, no abstract thought), Formal Operational
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
5 stages of facing death - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Ekman
7 emotions: fear, disgust, joy, sadness, contempt, anger, surprise
Erik Erikson
8 stages of psychosocial development - how people evolve through life spans, each spage marked by psychological crisis confronting "Who am I?" trust vs. mistrust autonomy vs. shame and doubt initiative vs. guilt industry vs inferiority identity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation integrity vs despair
Emile Durkheim
Believed in functionalism (society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability); collective consciousness
Albert Bandura
Bobo doll experiment - social learning theory - Triadic Reciprocal Causation - behavioral factors, personal factors and environmental factors all affect behaviors/attitudes
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning - UCS, CS, UCR, CR
Marx
Conflict Theory - power and class struggle
Solomon Asch
Conformity Experiment - confederates' (actors) answers affected participants' answers even though it was obviously wrong
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs - physiological, Safety, Love/belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization
Noam Chomsky
Nativist (Biological) Theory - we have innate capacity for language (universal grammar)
Stanly Milgram
Obedience experiment - shock study
Gestalt
Perception - seeing things as a whole (ex. gestalt therapy = holistic, gestalt figures - completing things as a whole)
Cannon-Bard Theory
Physiological arousal and emotions happen at the same time (cannot have one without the other)
Philip Zimbardo
Prison Study - role playing influence on people's behavior
Sigmoid Freud
Psychosexual Development - Sex drive (libido) is present at birth and fixation can happen at different stages; Also: unconscious - id/ego/superego Oral stage - fix --> dependency/clingyness Anal Stage - fix --> messiness/ordiliness Phallic (Oedipal Stage) Latency Genital Stage --> mature relationship
Harry Harlow
Rhesus Monkey experiment of maternal dependency/caregiving effects on cognitive/social dev
Carl Jung
archetypes (images of common experiences in ancestors); collective unconscious vs. Personal unconscious ("self/mandala" is the in between); dream studies
Evolutionary Theory (Darwin)
emotions have adaptive value - innate responses to stimuli
BF Skinner
operant conditioning
Whorf
our perception of reality is determined by the content of language
James-Lang Theory
physiological experience --> emotional response (you feel sad because you cry)
Lev Vygotsky
says engine driving cog dev is child's internalization of their culture
Lawrence kohlberg
stages of moral development - Pre-conventional - - Stage 1 (Obedience) - Stage 2 (Self-interest) Conventional - Stage 3 (Conformity) - Stage 4 (Law and order) Post-conventional - Stage 6 (universal human ethics) - Stage 7 (Social Contract)
Carl Rogers
unconditional positive regard (UPR) - caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude towards clients