MCAT Psych/Soc People

Schachter-Singer Theory (two-factor theory)

1 - physical arousal --> 2. cognitive labeling of that arousal --> 3. emotion

Piaget

4 Stages of Cognitive Dev SPCF - Sensorimotor (circular rxns), Preoperational (symbolic thinking-imagination, egocentrism, centration), Concrete Operational (logical thought, no abstract thought), Formal Operational

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

5 stages of facing death - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Ekman

7 emotions: fear, disgust, joy, sadness, contempt, anger, surprise

Erik Erikson

8 stages of psychosocial development - how people evolve through life spans, each spage marked by psychological crisis confronting "Who am I?" trust vs. mistrust autonomy vs. shame and doubt initiative vs. guilt industry vs inferiority identity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation integrity vs despair

Emile Durkheim

Believed in functionalism (society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability); collective consciousness

Albert Bandura

Bobo doll experiment - social learning theory - Triadic Reciprocal Causation - behavioral factors, personal factors and environmental factors all affect behaviors/attitudes

Pavlov

Classical Conditioning - UCS, CS, UCR, CR

Marx

Conflict Theory - power and class struggle

Solomon Asch

Conformity Experiment - confederates' (actors) answers affected participants' answers even though it was obviously wrong

Maslow

Hierarchy of Needs - physiological, Safety, Love/belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization

Noam Chomsky

Nativist (Biological) Theory - we have innate capacity for language (universal grammar)

Stanly Milgram

Obedience experiment - shock study

Gestalt

Perception - seeing things as a whole (ex. gestalt therapy = holistic, gestalt figures - completing things as a whole)

Cannon-Bard Theory

Physiological arousal and emotions happen at the same time (cannot have one without the other)

Philip Zimbardo

Prison Study - role playing influence on people's behavior

Sigmoid Freud

Psychosexual Development - Sex drive (libido) is present at birth and fixation can happen at different stages; Also: unconscious - id/ego/superego Oral stage - fix --> dependency/clingyness Anal Stage - fix --> messiness/ordiliness Phallic (Oedipal Stage) Latency Genital Stage --> mature relationship

Harry Harlow

Rhesus Monkey experiment of maternal dependency/caregiving effects on cognitive/social dev

Carl Jung

archetypes (images of common experiences in ancestors); collective unconscious vs. Personal unconscious ("self/mandala" is the in between); dream studies

Evolutionary Theory (Darwin)

emotions have adaptive value - innate responses to stimuli

BF Skinner

operant conditioning

Whorf

our perception of reality is determined by the content of language

James-Lang Theory

physiological experience --> emotional response (you feel sad because you cry)

Lev Vygotsky

says engine driving cog dev is child's internalization of their culture

Lawrence kohlberg

stages of moral development - Pre-conventional - - Stage 1 (Obedience) - Stage 2 (Self-interest) Conventional - Stage 3 (Conformity) - Stage 4 (Law and order) Post-conventional - Stage 6 (universal human ethics) - Stage 7 (Social Contract)

Carl Rogers

unconditional positive regard (UPR) - caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude towards clients