MCB1010 Chapter 9

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Match the two definitions, horizontal and vertical gene transfer:

1. Horizontal gene transfer ->Transfer of DNA from source other than the parent organism. 2. Vertical gene transfer ->Transfer of DNA parent organism during reproduction.

Which is the correct order of events in transcription?

1st Initiation, 2nd Elongation, 3rd termination.

Which sequence of DNA nucleotides is complementary to the DNA triple 5'-ATG-3'?

3'-TAC-5'

What is the complementary DNA sequence to the DNA template 3'-ATACTAAAATTT-5"?

5'-TATGATTTAAA-3' (The complementary strand is antiparalllel to the template, beginning with 5')

______ ____ are the building blocks of proteins.

Amino acids

__________ is the study of all living organisms.

Biology

A ___________ is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.

CHROMOSOME

In the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the main chromosome located?

Cystoplasm

_ _ _ is usually double-stranded.

DNA

What is the central dogma hypothesis of genetics?

DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

During transcription, _ _ _ is decoded into _ _ _ _ and during translation, mRNA is decoded into protein.

DNA, mRNA

True or False: The chromosome is a small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that is capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes.

False

How does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, RNA is single-stranded.

How does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In RNA, uracil replaces thymine/RNA is single-stranded.

The correct order of events in translation?

Initiation, elongation, termination

The three major types of RNA are?

Messenger, transfer, ribosomal

Protein synthesis is more efficient in prokaryotes than in eukarytoes for all of the following reasons except

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s rather than 80s

Which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits?

Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

Which is a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

TYMINE

__________ is the process of decoding DNA into messenger RNA.

Transcription

Is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into a polypeptide.

Translation

A(n) _______ is the specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that encodes a particular amino acid.

codon

A(n)______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein.

gene

The science of heredity is ______.

genetics

The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine and ______.

guanine

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the _______ is found only in prokaryotes.

nucleoid

Chromosomes are located in the ______ of protozoal and fungal cells.

nucleus

A(n) _______ in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and structural genes.

operon

A is composed of amino acids.

protein

In general, a strand of RNA made from DNA is called an RNA

transcript

The nitrogenous base thymine in DNA is replaced by_______ in RNA.

uracil

Both ribose and deoxyribose are __________.

5-carbon sugars

The complementary bases to _, _, _ are T, A, C, respectively.

A, T, G

The picture bellow is which level of genetic organization?

Molecular

A RNA template is a strand of RNA made from DNA. True or False?

True

Nucleotide is to nucleic acid as is to ______ protein.

amino is to acid

There are no noncoding ______ sequences in prokaryotic genes.

intron

During translation initiation, the ribosome binds to the _______ RNA transcript.

messenger

A_____ is a small circular piece of DNA.

plasmid

The parent strand in a DNA molecule is used as a ______ to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.

template


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