MCB1010 Chapter 9
Match the two definitions, horizontal and vertical gene transfer:
1. Horizontal gene transfer ->Transfer of DNA from source other than the parent organism. 2. Vertical gene transfer ->Transfer of DNA parent organism during reproduction.
Which is the correct order of events in transcription?
1st Initiation, 2nd Elongation, 3rd termination.
Which sequence of DNA nucleotides is complementary to the DNA triple 5'-ATG-3'?
3'-TAC-5'
What is the complementary DNA sequence to the DNA template 3'-ATACTAAAATTT-5"?
5'-TATGATTTAAA-3' (The complementary strand is antiparalllel to the template, beginning with 5')
______ ____ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
__________ is the study of all living organisms.
Biology
A ___________ is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.
CHROMOSOME
In the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the main chromosome located?
Cystoplasm
_ _ _ is usually double-stranded.
DNA
What is the central dogma hypothesis of genetics?
DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein
During transcription, _ _ _ is decoded into _ _ _ _ and during translation, mRNA is decoded into protein.
DNA, mRNA
True or False: The chromosome is a small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that is capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes.
False
How does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, RNA is single-stranded.
How does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine/RNA is single-stranded.
The correct order of events in translation?
Initiation, elongation, termination
The three major types of RNA are?
Messenger, transfer, ribosomal
Protein synthesis is more efficient in prokaryotes than in eukarytoes for all of the following reasons except
Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s rather than 80s
Which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits?
Ribosomal RNA or rRNA
Which is a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
TYMINE
__________ is the process of decoding DNA into messenger RNA.
Transcription
Is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into a polypeptide.
Translation
A(n) _______ is the specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that encodes a particular amino acid.
codon
A(n)______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein.
gene
The science of heredity is ______.
genetics
The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine and ______.
guanine
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the _______ is found only in prokaryotes.
nucleoid
Chromosomes are located in the ______ of protozoal and fungal cells.
nucleus
A(n) _______ in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and structural genes.
operon
A is composed of amino acids.
protein
In general, a strand of RNA made from DNA is called an RNA
transcript
The nitrogenous base thymine in DNA is replaced by_______ in RNA.
uracil
Both ribose and deoxyribose are __________.
5-carbon sugars
The complementary bases to _, _, _ are T, A, C, respectively.
A, T, G
The picture bellow is which level of genetic organization?
Molecular
A RNA template is a strand of RNA made from DNA. True or False?
True
Nucleotide is to nucleic acid as is to ______ protein.
amino is to acid
There are no noncoding ______ sequences in prokaryotic genes.
intron
During translation initiation, the ribosome binds to the _______ RNA transcript.
messenger
A_____ is a small circular piece of DNA.
plasmid
The parent strand in a DNA molecule is used as a ______ to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.
template