Med Surg Exam 4 NCLEX Questions

Most patients with hypertension are asymptomatic. A. True B. False

A. True

Which vitamins decrease the progression of macular degeneration? (Select all that apply) A .Vitamin A B. Calcium C. Vitamin E D. Zinc

A. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Zinc

A patient has been diagnosed with HTN, what are some symptoms the nurse expects to find? A.N/V B.Angina, dyspnea C.Jaundice D.Cold extremities

B. Angina, Dyspnea

Post-menopausal women are more likely to suffer from osteoporosis due to: a. Decreased progesterone levels b. Increased progesterone levels c. Decreased estrogen levels d. Increased estrogen levels

C. Decreased estrogen levels

During your head to toe assessment of your patient with cirrhosis, you are assessing his upper extremities and notice that his hands are making a flapping motion. You begin to get concerned and ask him basic questions about where he his, what day it is, what time it is, etc. His answers reveal that he is very confused and cannot answer any of these questions. Based on this finding, what lab result would explain these abnormal findings? a) increased calcium level b)decreased potassium level c)increased ammonia level d)decreased albumin level

C. Increased ammonia level

What is a common complication of untreated hypothyroidism? A. Goiter B. Thyroid storm C. Myxedema/Myxedema Coma D. Exophthalmos

C. Myxedema/Myxedema Coma

What is the MOST common transmission route of Hepatitis C? A. Blood transfusion B. Sharps injury C. Long-term dialysis D. IV drug use

D. IV drug use

A woman in her late 30's has pituitary and thyroid dysfunction paired with low TSH and TRH. What does she most likely have? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Thyroiditis C. Primary hypothyroidism D. Secondary hypothyroidism

D. Secondary hypothyroidism

A client is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which statement should the nurse include when teaching the client about the disease (select all that apply) a. "It's common in females after menopause" b. "It's a degenerative disease characterized in a decrease in bone density" c. "It's a congenital disease caused by poor dietary intake of milk products" d. "It can cause pain and injury" e. "Passive range of motion exercises can promote bone growth" f. "Weight bearing exercises should be avoided"

A. "It's common in females after menopause." B. "It's a degenerative disease characterized in a decrease in bone density." D. "It can cause pain and injury."

Identify the patients below who are at a high risk for developing skin cancer. ( Select all the apply) •A. a 23-year-old female who uses a tanning bed three times a week •B. A 55 year old male who always wears sunscreen outdoors •C. A 36 year old female with light-colored skin and eyes that reports frequent sunburns in her youth •D. A 29-year-old who reports a family history of melanoma

A. A 23 y/o female who uses a tanning bed 3x/week C. A 36 y/o female w/ light-colored skin and eyes that reports frequent sunburns in her youth D. A 29 y/o who reports a family history of melanoma

· The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which assessment finding supports this ​diagnosis? (Select all that ​apply.) A. Abdominal Pain B. Burning sensation on urination C. Clear urine D. Hematuria E. Fruity smelling urine

A. Abdominal Pain B. Burning sensation on urination D. Hematuria

· When teaching the client with a urinary tract infection about taking phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium), the nurse should tell the client to expect: A. Bright orange-red urine. B. Incontinence. C. Constipation. Slight drowsiness

A. Bright orange-red urine.

When teaching a patient with hypothyroidism, the nurse should be aware of: A. Cognitive delays B. Physical delays C. Random outbursts D. None of the above

A. Cognitive delays

A patient has just been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. What should the nurse expect to hear on auscultation? A) Crackles B) Wheezing C) Rhonchi D)Stridor

A. Crackles

Upon arriving at your shift at the hospital, you are receiving a change of shift report. The overnight nurse tells you that your patient with Cirrhosis just got his lab results back and his bilirubin levels are high. Based on this information, what findings would you expect to see when performing your head to toe assessment on your patient? (select all that apply) a)dark brown urine b)clay-colored stool c)red colored urine d)jaundice of the skin e)bluish mucous membranes f)yellowing of the sclera

A. Dark brown urine B. Clay-colored stool D. Jaundice of the skin F. Yellowing of the sclera

Which of the following would the patient most likely report as triggers for an asthma attack? (Select all that apply) a. Exercise b. Warm air c. Cold air d. Inhaled corticosteroids e. Pollen

A. Exercise C. Cold Air E. Pollen

Risk factors for developing cirrhosis include (select all that apply): a)Hepatitis C b)Excessive alcohol intake c)Hepatitis A d)Malnutrition e)Hypertension

A. Hepatitis C B. Excessive alcohol intake D. Malnutrition

What exercises are suggested for someone with osteoporosis? (select all that apply) a. Hiking b. Weight training c. Swimming d. Stair climbing e. Dancing

A. Hiking B, Weight training D. Stair climbing E. Dancing

A family of five checks into an urgent care center with symptoms of the flu. Which members of the family are at increased risk of significant​ complications? Select all that apply. A. Newborn baby girl B.Grandmother with COPD C. Father with HIV D. Mother with anemia ​E. 8-year-old boy"

A. Newborn baby girl B. Grandmother w/ COPD C. Father with HIV

A 62 year old patient come into the hospital complaining of blurred and darkened vision with blind spots. As a nurse, how would you treat this patient? A.Photodynamic therapy B.Eye drops C.Lasik Surgery D.Antibiotics

A. Photodynamic therapy

The caregiver of an older client with flu reports to a geriatric nurse that the client has shallow respiration. What advice can the geriatric nurse give the caretaker to improve the client's ease of breathing? Select all that apply. A. Put a humidifier at the​ client's bedside. B. Elevate the head of the​ client's bed. C. Use a face mask. D. Give antipyretic medications. E. Give analgesic medications."

A. Put a humidifier at the client's bedside B. Elevate the head of the client's bed

Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that there is a need for further patient-teaching? a) "I will avoid hepatotoxic OTC drugs, such as ibuprofen." b)"I can fix the damage that has been done to my liver if I take my medication." c)"Avoiding alcohol is key to my treatment." d)"I could eventually need a liver transplant."

B. "I can fix the damage that has been done to my liver if I take my medication

A sexually active 20 year old client has developed viral hepatitis. Which of the following statements, if made by the client would indicate a need for further teaching? A."A condom should be used for sexual intercourse" B. "I can never drink alcohol again" C. " I won't go back to work right away" D. "My close friends should get the vaccine"

B. "I can never drink alcohol again."

What statment from a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism, demonstrates that the patient fully understands the disease? A. "I should not report rapid weight changes." B. "I will have to receive lifelong hormone therapy." C. "I have no risk of developing hyperthyroidism." D. "I should decrease the amount of fluids I consume."

B. "I will have to receive lifelong hormone therapy."

You're assessing a patient's understanding about how to prevent skin cancer. Select all the statements that demonstrate the patient understood the education provided to them: •A. "I will try to avoid direct sun exposure at 11 am-5pm when the sunrays are the strongest." •B. "I will use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that has an SPF of 15 or higher." •C. "I will limit my tanning bed usage to two times per week." •D. "It is very important I wear a hat, sunglasses, and long-sleeves to avoid too much sun exposure."

B. "I will use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that has an SPF of 15 or higher." D. "It is very important I wear a hat, sunglasses, and long-sleeves to avoid too much sun exposure

Which of the following would indicate further patient teaching is needed ? A."Eating dark, leafy green vegetables can lower my risk for AMD" B."If I take Vitamin C & E, lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Zinc, it will stop the Macular Degeneration" C."Hypertension and smoking increase my risk for Macular Degeneration" D."I need to keep my home hazard free, because this causes central vision loss and disturbed sensory perception"

B. "If I take Vitamin C & E, lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Zinc, it will stop the Macular Degeneration."

Which of the following are typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia? Select-all-that-apply. A) stridor B) coarse crackles C) O2 saturation less than 90% D) non-productive, nagging cough E) elevated white blood cells F) tachypnea

B. Coarse Crackles C. O2 saturation less than 90% E. Elevated white blood cells F. Tachypnea

What is not one of the ways an organism can reach the lungs to cause pneumonia? A. Aspiration of Normal Flora B. Eating spicy foods C. Inhalation of microbes D. Hematogenous spread

B. Eating spicy foods

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with squamous cell skin cancer and writes a psychosocial problem of "fear". Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care? A. Explain to the client that the fears are unfounded B. Encourage the client to verbalize the feeling of being afraid C. Have the HCP discuss the client's fear with the client D. Instruct the client regarding all planned procedures

B. Encourage the client to verbalize the feeling of being afraid

A 19-year-old comes into the emergency department with acute asthma. His respiratory rate is 44 breaths/minute, and he appears to be in acute respiratory distress. Which of the following actions should be taken first? a. Take a full medication history b. Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer c. Apply a cardiac monitor to the client d. Provide emotional support to the client

B. Give bronchodilator by nebulizer

What type of precaution should the nurse implement to protect herself from being exposed to any of the hepatitis viruses? A. Airborne Precautions B. Standard Precautions C. Droplet Precautions D. Enteric Precautions

B. Standard precautions

The healthcare provider is teaching a patient who has asthma how to use a spacer attached to the handheld inhaler. Which of these provides the rationale for using a spacer? a. A spacer will generate a greater force for medication delivery. b. Using a spacer decreases the amount of medication that escapes into the environment and increases the amount of medication that is delivered to the lungs. c. Sterility of the mouthpiece is maintained by the spacer. d. The spacer focuses the medication on the back of the throat.

B. Using a spacer decreases the amount of medication that escapes into the environment and increases the amount of medication that is delivered to the lungs

Which patient below is not at risk for developing osteoporosis A. A 50 year old female whose last menstrual period was 7 years ago. B. A 45 year old male patient who has been taking glucocorticoids for the last 6 months. C. A 30 year old male who drinks alcohol occasionally and has a BMI of 28. D. A 35 year old female who has a history of seizures and takes Dilantin regularly.

C. A 30 y/o male who drinks alcohol occasionally and has a BMI of 28

Which action will the nurse in the hypertension clinic take in order to obtain an accurate baseline blood pressure (BP) for a new patient? a. Obtain a BP reading in each arm and average the results. b. Deflate the BP cuff at a rate of 5 to 10 mm Hg per second. c. Have the patient sit in a chair with the feet flat on the floor. d. Assist the patient to the supine position for BP measurements.

C. Have the patient sit in a chair with the feet flat on the floor

The nurse identifies the nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance for a patient with asthma. A common etiologic factor for this nursing diagnosis in patients with asthma is: a. Anxiety about dyspnea b. Side effects of medications c. Increased effort when breathing d. Fear of suffocation

C. Increased effort when breathing

The nurse suspects that a patient may have macular degeneration when they say which of the following? A.Their eyelid has become inflamed & rather itchy within the last 24 hours, making it difficult to open. B.They experienced a quick decline in vision and related it to that of a curtain closing. C.They have noticed a progressive loss with their central vision. D.They experienced sudden, excruciating pain in their eyes.

C. They have noticed a progressive loss with their central vision

When teaching a patient with acute hepatitis C, the patient demonstrates understanding when the he/she makes which statement? A.I will use care when kissing my wife to prevent giving it to her B. I will need to take adefovir (hepsera) to prevent chronic HCV C. Now that I have HCV, I will have immunity and not get it again D. I will need to be checked for chronic HCV and other liver problems.

D. "I will need to be checked for chronic HCV and other liver problems."

Which statement made by a patient indicates that further teaching is necessary? A. "I'll use hand sanitizer regularly while I'm out in public." B. "I will try to avoid large groups of people during the peak flu season" C. "It is important that I try to quit smoking" D. "My age does not increase my risk of developing pneumonia"

D. "My age does not increase my risk of developing pneumonia."

You're providing discharge teaching to a female patient on how to prevent urinary tract infections. Which statement is INCORRECT? A. "Void immediately after sexual intercourse." B. "Avoid wearing tight fitting underwear." C. "Try to void every 2-3 hours." D. "Use scented sanitary napkins or tampons during menstruation."

D. "Use scented sanitary napkins or tampons during menstruation."

The public health nurse is educating social workers working with​ low-income families about the reasons to encourage their clients to get an annual flu shot. What reasons should the nurse include in the educational​ session? a. The predominant flu virus strain changes from year to year. b. The new vaccine has specific antigens predicted for that year. ​c. Infants, young​ children, and people aged 50 or older are more likely to get the flu. d . all of the above"

D. All of the above

The client asks the nurse, "How did I get this urinary tract infection?" The nurse should explain that in most instances, cystitis is caused by: A. Congenital strictures in the urethra. B. An infection elsewhere in the body. C. Urinary stasis in the urinary bladder. D. An ascending infection from the urethra.

D. An ascending infection from the urethra

Which two diagnostic results would indicate atopy? a. Positive skin allergy test and elevated serum eosinophil count b. Negative allergy skin test and a low serum IgE c. Lower serum eosinophil count and lower serum IgE level d. An elevated serum eosinophil count and elevated serum IgE level

D. An elevated serum eosinophil count and elevated serum IgE level

After a week of caring for a client with the​ flu, the home care nurse modifies a nursing intervention concerning​ fluids; adds a new nursing diagnosis and intervention related to ineffective airway​ clearance; and discontinues a nursing diagnosis of fatigue. Which phase of the nursing process does this activity​ represent? A.Assessment B.Implementation C.Planning D.Evaluation

D. Evaluation

After the nurse teaches the patient with stage 1 hypertension about diet modifications that should be implemented, which diet choice indicates that the teaching has been effective? a. The patient avoids eating nuts or nut butters. b. The patient restricts intake of chicken and fish. c. The patient has two cups of coffee in the morning. d. The patient has a glass of low-fat milk with each meal

D. The patient has a glass of low-fat milk with each meal

A patient is newly diagnosed with skin cancer. She is unsure of what signs to look for on her skin in the future to determine if its cancerous. She tells the nurse she does not learn well with just talking and needs to see what to look for. What teaching method would be most effective for this patient? A. Discussion B. Lecture-Discussion C. Demonstration/Return Demonstration D. Use of audiovisual aids

D. Use of audiovisual aids