Med Surg exam 5 - chapter 16

age related changes in immunity

-decreased protection -increased risk of infection -development of autoimmune diseases -normal flora of skin, mucous membranes, GI tract changes ---there is overgrowth of other organisms -normal responses to infection and injury decrease -no fever or temp change - even with severe infection -normal response of increase in WBC - may be delayed or absent -less recognition of pathogens -may not ID infection until sepsis is present -slower to make antibodies -slower to respond to re exposure of antigens -there is a loss of recognition of self

components of immunity

-intact skin -mucous membranes -WBCs

stage 3 of inflammation

-involved tissue repair and replacement -could involve the formation of scar tissue ---scar tissue does not act like the tissue it replaced

stage I of inflammation

-involves a vascular response -leads to redness and warmth -increased blood flow to the area -edema -capillary leak -> causes swelling and pain

stage 2 of inflammation

-involves cellular exudate in the form of pus -increase in neutrophils -pus will contain dead WBC, necrotic tissue, fluid from damaged cells

older adult considerations

-may not have a fever, infection may be missed until severe infection or septic -they NEED immunizations/ vaccines (flu, PN, shingles) -decrease in natural antibodies ---they need booster shots for old vaccines

age related changes in immunity - inflammation

-reduced neutrophil function -leukocytosis does not occur during acute infection -older adults may not have a fever during inflammatory or infectious episodes

age related changes in immunity - antibody mediated immunity

-the total number of b lymphocytes and their ability to mature into antibody secreting cells are diminished -the natural antibody response to antigens declines and the amount of time formed antibodies remain present is reduce

cardinal symptoms of inflammation

-warmth -redness -swelling -pain -decreased function

inflammation

_____ can happen without infection (ankle sprain)

infection

_______ leads to inflammation

age related changes in immunity - cell mediated immunity

the number of circulating t lymphocytes decreases