med surge Q. 4
A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has orders for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client?
Transport the specimens of body fluids in leak-proof containers.
A client comes to the clinic and states he has "broken out in hives and itching since eating strawberries this morning." The client states he has never had problems with strawberries before. What is the best response by the nurse?
"It is possible to develop an allergic reaction to something you have had prior exposure to previously."
A client requires a blood transfusion for anemia and informs the nurse that he refuses because he doesn't want to contract acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). What is the best response by the nurse?
"The blood is screened very carefully; the risk is approximately 1 in 2,000,000."
A female client informs the nurse that she is considering beginning sexual relations and wants to know the best way to protect herself from a sexually transmitted infection and HIV. What is the best response by the nurse?
"Using a condom (latex) and spermicidal jelly is one of the most effective ways to decrease the risk of transmission of an STI and HIV.
The nurse is interviewing a client being admitted to the hospital and inquires about any allergies the client has. The client states he is allergic to aspirin and penicillin. What intervention should the nurse provide immediately to prevent complications related to allergies?
Apply an allergy bracelet and flag the chart.
The nurse is talking with a group of teens about transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What body fluids does the nurse inform them will transmit the virus?
Blood Breast milk Semen Vaginal secretions
The nurse is collecting data from a client with the autoimmune disorder, endocarditis. What does the nurse recognize as symptom of an acute exacerbation?
Temperature of 100.9 °F
A public health nurse is giving an informational presentation on HIV/AIDS at a nearby college. How would the nurse best define AIDS?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a potentially life-threatening infection that profoundly weakens the immune system
A teenaged client with a diagnosis of HIV presents at the public health clinic complaining of pharyngitis, rash on the palms and soles of his feet, and diarrhea. What would the nurse suspect the client is suffering from?
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)
The nurse is talking with a client who was stung by a bee and began having difficulty breathing. What serious complication from injected venom should the nurse discuss with the client?
Airway obstruction
The nursing instructor is discussing allergic reactions with her clinical group. What allergic reactions would the nursing instructor talk about?
Atopic Immune complex Cytotoxic
A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. What is the next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis?
Perform a Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis.
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune disorders?
Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
A client with Crohn's disease, an autoimmune disorder, informs the nurse that he has not had any symptoms of the disease in 8 months. What does the nurse understand this asymptomatic period is referred to?
Remission
A client is taking a corticosteroid for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. When the nurse is providing instructions about the medication to the client, what priority information should be included?
Be alert for signs and symptoms of infection and report them immediately to the physician.
The nurse is administering an injection to a client with AIDS and, when finished, attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick injury to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Report the incident to the supervisor
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. What is a realistic nursing intervention when taking care of a client with this diagnosis?
Educate the client about the disease process.
A client with lupus has had antineoplastic drugs prescribed. Why would the physician prescribe antineoplastic drugs for an autoimmune disorder?
For their immunosuppressant effects
A woman infected with HIV comes into the clinic. What symptoms may be the focus of a medical complaint in women infected with HIV?
Gynecologic problems
A client has been having joint pain and swelling in the left foot and is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms began suddenly without any identifiable cause, and the client has significant joint destruction. What type of disease is this considered?
Autoimmune
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by ____.
HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes
A client with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse what he can do to help ease the symptoms of his disease. What would be the best response by the nurse?
"The doctor could prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs."
A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by his family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The clients T4-cell count is 200/mm3, and the client has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?
The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS