Media Studies
Which of the following is not one of the five biggest media corporations in the United States? Disney Bertelsmann Microsoft Viacom
Microsoft
Which of the following is an argument that supports the idea that the media have a liberal bias? The majority of working journalists are Democrats. Five corporations own most of the media in the United States. Local news stations sometimes don't run stories that are critical of local businesses. The majority of working journalists are Republicans.
The majority of working journalists are Democrats.
In the 1950s, television shows typically were interrupted by advertisements by about 10 different companies. True False
False
Most American cities have more local newspapers today than they did in 1900. True False
False
Television news usually is more detailed than the news found in newspapers. True False
False
Which is TRUE about the PICON standard? PICON stands for "public interest, convenience, or necessity." The PICON standard was first established in colonial America in 1727. The Federal Communication Commission has always fought for the rights of small media companies because they believe that serves the PICON standard. all of the above are true.
PICON stands for "public interest, convenience, or necessity."
An ad for a clothing store shows a large group of popular people wearing the store's clothing. This is an example of _____. salience scaling bandwagon approach all of the above
bandwagon approach
In the United States, the government controls and owns a very large percentage of the media. True False
False
PICON stands for "private interest, convenience, or necessity." True False
False
Political parties and churches often were not allowed to have a radio station in the 1920s. True False
False
An advertisement manipulates the image of a can of Pepsi to make it look larger than life. This is best described as an example of _____. selective editing scaling omission all of the above
scaling
The plot of a _____ is typically defined as having a simple conflict or misunderstanding resolved in half hour and usually lack of serious topics. drama sitcom soap opera game show
sitcom
1. Current topics are of interest 2. How many people were affected by the story? 3. Local news often has more interest than something that happened far away 4. Famous people often make a topic 'big news' 5. Most human interest stories are of interest to everyone 6. Most good stories have conflict, whether it's the war or the budget for the public schools
2 Significance 3 Proximity 5 Human interest 4 Prominence 1 Timing 6 Conflict 6
How much television does the average American child watch per week? 15 hours 25 hours 50 hours 100 hours
25 hours
According to low estimates, we see advertisements every _____ minutes. 2 4 10 15
4
Which of the following is the best example of association? A political ad for a candidate that tells us why the other candidate is not trustworthy. Miley Cyrus telling us to buy her favorite brand of jeans. An ad for basketball shoes that shows the company's logo over and over again. An ad for peanut butter that shows a happy family eating peanut butter sandwiches together.
An ad for peanut butter that shows a happy family eating peanut butter sandwiches together.
As a Democrat, President Bill Clinton strongly disagreed with President Ronald Reagan's media deregulation policies and worked hard to undo them. True False
False
Media _____ refers to a worldwide educational movement that aims to teach to people to understand how the media affect both individuals and society as a whole. literacy consolidation socialization effects
literacy
The Federal Communications Commission has always had a heavy hand in regulating the media in the United States; in fact, the FCC is much more strict in regulating the media than are the regulatory agencies in most of the world's countries. True False
False
The link between violence in the media and school shootings has been proven to be direct. True False
False
The American television show that has been the most popular abroad is The Cosby Show. True False
True
Younger people haven't established brand loyalty the way older people have. True False
True
"The media doesn't tell us what to think, but it tells us what to think about" describes the _____ function of the media. gatekeeper agenda setting fourth estate none of the above
agenda setting
National Public Radio is controlled by a combination of government, corporate sponsorship, and individual donations. True False
True
Television producers typically stick with the norms of a television genre and aren't too creative about challenging these norms. True False
True
A car commercial shows the car's logo over and over again. This is an example of _____. salience scaling bandwagon approach all of the above
salience
The primary purpose of TV, magazines, movies is to entertain. True False
False
Most of the U.S. media was controlled by 50 corporations in 1983, and that number dropped to 23 in 1990 and down to five today. True False
True
Which of the following describes the new style of housing and neighborhoods that became popular after World War II? Front porches replaced back decks Houses were built closer to stores Family rooms became popular All of the above
Family rooms became popular
If Joseph McCarthy put you on the "black list," that means he probably thought you were a _____. Nazi war criminal communist civil rights leader friend of the government
communist
1. plot 2. repetition 3. spin-off 4. stripping 5. television ratings 6. tent-poling
3 a television show that features a character that appeared on another successful television show 5 estimates on how many people, and what kinds of people, are watching a television program at a given time 4 placing shows at the same time everyday so people will get into the habit of watching them 2 showing a long run of episodes (such as an "America's Next Top Model" marathon) 1 a story line 6 placing a strong show between two weaker ones
1. aesthetics 2. block programming 3. copy 4. genre 5. hammocking 6. minimizing the risk
3 a television show that's very similar to one that's already been a success 5 placing a new or struggling program between two that are already popular 4 in television, a category of programming that is defined by certain types of characters, plots, aesthetics, and other common elements 1 in television, all the elements that have to do with how a TV show looks and sounds, like lighting, set design, musical soundtracks, and laugh tracks 2 placing a number of programs on the air, one after another, that have related themes and the same target audience 6 in the television business, this means decreasing the chances that television shows — which are very expensive to product — will lose money
_____ refers to the way a television show looks and sounds. Aesthetics Block programming Genre Plot
Aesthetics
In order to make money, television producers need to constantly be on the lookout for new, innovative ideas for TV programs. True False
False
Minimizing the risk is the most important principle in the television business. True False
True
Each type of genre consists of the following characteristics: _____, _____, and _____. characters, plot, aesthetics plot, aesthetics, setting characters, plot, setting characters, aesthetics, setting
characters, plot, aesthetics
Placing shows at the same time everyday so that people will get into the habit of watching them is called _____. tentpoling stripping hammocking none of the above
stripping
Which of the following is an example of someone who claims that the media has a shooting blanks effect? "Along with parents, peers, and teachers, the media socializes children about how boys and girls are supposed to behave." "My kid saw a cigarette ad in a magazine and now he's smoking. It's the magazine's fault!" "The media doesn't affect me at all because I'm smart enough to know the difference between right and wrong." "There is no definitive evidence that the media affects our behavior"
"The media doesn't affect me at all because I'm smart enough to know the difference between right and wrong."
Which of the following techniques is used by the Nielsen company to measure ratings? Set meters Tentpoling Syndication All of the above
Set meters
An opponent of the corporate media system would probably say that the "eyeballs to advertisers" system ________. is anti-democratic leads to innovative programming meets the PICON standard none of the above
is anti-democratic
The "fourth estate" refers to the media's responsibility to _____. be gatekeepers who keep out stories that are sensationalistic. choose only the most important and relevant news stories. keep tabs on the powerful people in society to make sure they aren't abusing their power. all of the above.
keep tabs on the powerful people in society to make sure they aren't abusing their power.
Typical American conservatives support _____. heavier taxation of the wealthy a path for illegal immigrants to become citizens less restrictive gun control laws to ensure the Second Amendment is upheld more welfare money to help the poor
less restrictive gun control laws to ensure the Second Amendment is upheld
Which of the following types of news was NOT considered sensationalistic? objective journalism yellow journalism the penny press satirical journalism
objective journalism
Which of the following techniques has to do with how the people who make the commercial manipulate the way it looks? omission image advertising salience all of the above
omission
A newspaper decides not to run a story about an economic crisis that's affecting hundreds of thousands of people in rural Romania. This is probably because the story lacks _____. prominence proximity timeliness significance
proximity
Carlos grew up believing that it's not normal for boys to play with dolls because his older brothers and male friends didn't play with dolls, and because he only saw girls in doll commercials. This is an example of the media affecting Carlos' _____. behavior attitudes socialization demographic
socialization
Television producers hope to "minimize the risk" that a TV show _____. will offend the public will be a copy of something that's already been made will not make a lot of money all of the above
will not make a lot of money
Which of the following is a bias frequently seen in the media? A bias towards presenting news that is of interest to poorer people. A bias towards presenting news that is pro-consumer. A bias towards presenting news that is critical of local businesses. A bias towards presenting news that is of little interest to the middle class.
A bias towards presenting news that is pro-consumer.
Which of the following is the best example of a story that might be in the news because of its novelty? Paris Hilton partying at night. Polar bears going on the endangered species list. Activists protesting in Washington, DC. A man giving birth to a baby.
A man giving birth to a baby.
1. gatekeeper function of the media 2. human interest 3. newsworthiness 4. novelty 5. prominence 6. proximity 7. significance 8. timeliness
4 refers to something that is unique and doesn't happen often 3 the quality the makes an event important, relevant, or interesting enough to be given time on the news 2 refers to something that people find interesting 8 the quality of having happened recently, or being relevant to something that happened recently 6 the quality of being closely located to something 5 a quality, usually attributed to a person, of being important, or at least noteworthy 7 the quality of being important or relevant 1 the media decides which information to "let in" to the public, and which information to leave out
Which of the following is not true about media and behavior? Media influences people's behavior in conjunction with other factors. Young children are more likely than adults to imitate what they see in the media. The media is more likely to have a direct effect on people's behavior when the behavior in question is of little importance. There is no data that supports that the media affects our behavior.
There is no data that supports that the media affects our behavior.
1. media 2. media literacy 3. popular culture
2 This is a worldwide educational movement that aims to teach to people to understand how the media affect both individuals and society as a whole 1 This term refers to kinds of technology that people use to communicate information. Media is the plural form of medium 3 Media that people use in their everyday lives primarily for entertainment and pleasure, as opposed to more serious uses. Although popular culture can have artistic value, we generally think of pop culture as material that's part of "everyday life" (like reality TV, hip-hop, video games, or People magazine) as opposed to sophisticated "high" culture (like opera or sculpture)
A group of people who share the same characteristics of the population is called a representative sample. True False
True
1. Wikipedia 2. Google 3. YouTube 4. Facebook 5. MySpace 6. Blogger.com 7. Classmates.com
6 weblog host 1 online encyclopedia 5 social network service 4 social network service, originally for college students 2 search engine 3 video hosting service 7 social network service for former classmates
_____ refers to the way a television show looks and sounds. Aesthetics Block programming Genre none of the above
Aesthetics
Before the 1980s, movie makers had to pay a company if a company's product was accidentally shown in a film. True False
True
Consumers should carefully evaluate Internet sources for credibility. True False
True
Deregulation means that many rules imposed by the FCC are lifted. True False
True
Five corporations own over 90 percent of the media in the US. True False
True
People can reject lessons they learned through socialization. True False
True
Promotional videos for products on YouTube often have an amateurish quality to give the illusion that everyday people created them. True False
True
After World War II, society embraced women's newfound independence, and women were often promoted in their jobs. The social pressure to get married, have kids, and be traditional housewives was also rapidly declining. True False
False
Which of the following is an advantage of using focus group research instead of survey research? You can get information from larger numbers of people. You can get information from a more representative sample. You can get more detailed information from individuals. You can get information from a medium sized group of people.
You can get more detailed information from individuals.
TV news broadcasts might not run a story if _____. it does not lend itself to appealing visual images. it is not a profitable story because viewers won't want to watch it. the story meets one category of newsworthiness but not another. all of the above.
all of the above.
After seeing an ad for jeans, Ashley tells her mom that she wants to buy those jeans immediately. This is an example of the media impacting Ashley's _____. behavior attitude socialization demographic
behavior
1. "eyeballs to advertisers" 2. concentration of media ownership 3. corporate media system 4. Federal Communication Act of 1934 5. Federal Radio Act of 1927 6. investigative journalism 7. market censorship 8. media deregulation 9. PICON 10. Telecommunications Act of 1996
1 a basic advertising principal in the corporate media system whenever advertising is present that says, when many people view a media product, the media company can charge advertisers more money; but when fewer people are viewing, advertisers pay less money. The more eyeballs available to sell to advertisers, the more money they make 7 a term that's part of an argument against the corporate media system; opponents of the corporate media system argue that because media content is dictated by what makes money, ideas that are unpopular are kept from getting a voice; they are censored by the market 4 a law that transformed the Federal Radio Commission into the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and that, from the start, created legislation that favored the corporate media system 3 a system where the media are controlled primarily through businesses, as opposed to being controlled by the government or by individuals; in the United States, our media are almost exclusively a corporate media system 10 a set of laws related to the media passed under the Clinton administration; most notably, the act lifted restrictions on media ownership, paving the way for heavy concentration of media ownership 5 a law that established the Federal Radio Commission, which was designed to make sure radio broadcasters were operating in conjunction with the PICON standard 6 news coverage in which a reporter actively speaks with sources and does research to investigate the truth behind a story 9 the standard established by the Federal Radio Act of 1927 that stated the media must always act in the "public interest, convenience, or necessity" 2 a system where a few corporations control most of the media 8 the lifting of rules and restrictions on the media, particularly those that dictate how many media outlets one company is allowed to own; in the United States, the media was heavily deregulated by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980's and President Bill Clinton in the 1990's
1. news 2. objective journalism 3. penny press 4. sensationalism 5. talk radio 6. yellow journalism
1 new information about current events and other issues that is printed or broadcast in media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, or the Internet 6 sensationalistic journalism that intentionally tried to create scandals; these were popular in the late 1800s 5 radio programs in which the hosts discuss a topic, often with guests and live callers 2 a form of news reporting that attempts to report the facts of a story in an unemotional and unbiased manner 3 tabloid-style newspapers that usually cost a penny, and were popular in the United States in the early to mid 1800s 4 news that is presented in a dramatic, emotional way that often blows a situation out of proportion and attempts to create and spread scandal
1. bias 2. conservative 3. consumerism 4. liberal 5. organizational bias 6. personal bias 7. political bias
1 personal opinion or experience that gets in the way of being able to report a story in a fair or objective way 5 bias that reflects the needs and goals of an organization; in the case of news, this refers to the goals of news organizations and corporations, and often refers to the goal of making a profit 3 the cultural value that (1) promotes the idea that spending money is good for the economy and good for the well being of individuals (2) promotes the idea that spending money is a fun and pleasurable leisurely pastime, and that (3) solves life's problems by purchasing the right product 4 a political position that typically advocates (1) greater government funding of social programs — especially those that help economically disadvantaged people — largely through taxes, which are collected based on how much money an individual or corporation earns (so that ideally, the wealthy pay more in taxes than the middle class and the poor), and (2) active support of social and legal equality for women, racial minorities, religious minorities, sexual minorities, and other groups who have suffered discrimination 2 a political position that typically advocates (1) an emphasis on individual responsibility for one's own well-being, and therefore, reduced government funding of most social programs, and (2) legislation that supports "traditional values" and morals, including the opposition of abortion and gay marriage 6 bias that results from an individual's personal beliefs or experiences 7 bias that reflects a particular set of political beliefs and perspectives
1. accuracy 2. breaking news 3. credible sources 4. current events 5. journalism 6. National Public Radio
1 reflecting the "truth" and not containing errors or myths 2 news that's happening as it unfolds; for example, on September 11, 2001, millions of people worldwide tuned in to see breaking news of the shocking events as they occurred, including the collapse of the Twin Towers 6 a national media organization that operates radio stations all over the United States; NPR is unique because unlike most corporate-owned media in the United States, it is funded by a combination of government funding, corporate sponsorship, and individual donations; NPR stations either run news programming, music programming, or a combination of both 3 "sources" are people, organizations, and written material to which news organizations go to gather information and verify accuracy; credible sources are those that can be trusted to share information that is accurate 5 the profession of individuals and organizations who report on news and current events 4 an occurrence of any kind — from a murder or terrorist attack, to a celebrity wedding or event at a local elementary school — that's going on right now or happened very recently
1. Kent State massacre 2. nonviolent protest
2 a technique in which a group of protestors does not fight back when it is unjustly attacked. By doing so, this makes the attackers look violent, irrational, and wrong, and makes the protestors look peaceful and in the right. This technique was used by Mahatma Gandhi in India and Martin Luther King, Jr. in the United States. 1 On May 4, 1970, four students at Kent State University in Ohio were shot by members of the National Guard who were there to keep the peace during an anti-war protest
1. Baby Boom 2. Cold War 3. communism 4. juvenile delinquent 5. McCarthyism
2 a term that refers to the dangerous tensions between the United States (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (and the countries it controlled in Eastern Europe, known as Soviet bloc countries). The Cold War was especially dangerous because of the nuclear arms race, and both the United States, and the Soviet Union quickly amassed enough nuclear weapons to destroy the world several times over. The Cold War began after World War II and unofficially ended in the early 1990s, when the Soviet Union collapsed. 5 a movement started by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s that served as a "witch hunt" to identify communists in government, Hollywood, and other parts of American life 4 a term born in the 1950s to describe kids who broke the law, usually in petty ways like vandalism 3 an economic system in which wealth is redistributed equally among the people, and everyone shares what they have collectively. The Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc countries were communist counties until the early 1990s (although the economic systems in these countries weren't purely communist because they were controlled by centralized, totalitarian governments). Most Americans hated and feared communism in the 1950s. 1 the huge population increase that resulted from babies born to people returning from World War II and starting families. The Baby Boom started in 1946 and lasted roughly until the mid 1960s. These children are known as the Baby Boom generation or Baby Boomers. Today, the oldest Boomers have reached retirement age.
1. attitudes 2. behavior 3. magic bullet misconception 4. shooting blanks misconception 5. socialization
2 physical action that people take consciously 5 the process through which a person learns about the norms of one's culture, including how you're supposed to behave in various situations, what values you're supposed to consider to be important, and the roles that men and women are supposed to play 4 the incorrect belief that the media do not affect us at all 1 belief that people walk around with in their head about how the world works; attitude often guides behavior 3 the incorrect belief that individual media images impact people in ways that are direct, immediate, extremely powerful, and predictable
1. public opinion 2. public relations 3. public relations agencies 4. publicity 5. representative sample 6. survey 7. target market
2 the art of getting favorable information about a client — which might be a product, person, or organization — out to the public 3 organizations that are hired by clients to get information about them out to the public 5 a group of people who share the same characteristics of the population 1 the feelings and perceptions that everyday people generally have about a particular product, person, or organization 4 information about a product, person, or organization that is spread through the media in order to get the public's attention 7 a group of people who share certain characteristics that might include gender, race, age, geographic location, income level, religion, sexual orientation, and other characteristics 6 a list of questions that people are asked, usually in multiple-choice form
1. bandwagon approach 2. celebrity testimonial 3. consumer 4. emotional elements 5. image advertising or association 6. name calling 7. omission 8. persuasion 9. repetition or salience 10. scaling 11. selective editing 12. use of humor
3 a person who makes choices about which products to purchase 8 the art and science of trying to get people to do what you want 12 an advertising technique in which an advertiser attempts to grab the audience's attention by being funny 6 an advertising technique in which an advertiser makes a brand look favorable by speaking badly about another product 2 an advertising technique that involves showing a famous and admired person using a product and speaking highly about it 1 an advertising technique dependent on the desire of people to do what others are doing. In these types of ads, the product is typically being used by a large number of people. The goal is to have other people follow. 5 an advertising technique that connects products with highly emotional and often abstract images. For example, a company might try to sell lots of barbecue grills by connecting with images of American flags. 10 an advertising technique in which a product is visually made to look "larger than life" and therefore more appealing 7 an advertising technique that involves leaving out facts about a product showing attractive images that make a product more appealing 9 an advertising technique in which the advertiser attempts to get a consumer to remember a product by frequently repeating a product's name, frequently showing images of the product and/or its logo, and by frequently running an ad. 11 an advertising technique in which the advertiser who is filming the advertisement includes only the film segments that make the product look most appealing 4 an advertising technique that appeals to an emotional aspect of the target population
1. representative sample 2. set meters 3. spinoff 4. stripping 5. television diary 6. television ratings 7. tent-poling
3 a television show that features a character that appeared on another successful television show 4 placing shows at the same time every day so people will get into the habit of watching them 7 placing a strong show between two weaker ones 5 an accounting of what someone watches on television; this is one way that television ratings are tabulated 1 a group of people who share the same characteristics of the population 6 estimates on how many people, and what kinds of people, watch a television program at a given time 2 small devices attached to television sets to keep track of what programs are being watched
1. Age of Acquisition 2. brand loyalty 3. captive audience 4. Channel One 5. coolhunting 6. The Strawberry Shortcake Strategy
4 a news program that's broadcast into public schools that's controversial because it contains advertisements 6 a kind of marketing to children in which companies create a line of toys, and then create a TV show or movie to go with these toys 1 the 18 to 34 year-old age group that advertisers consider one of the most lucrative targets of advertising 5 an advertising term that refers to strategies used to find trendsetting kids and use them as sources of information to find out what's "cool" 2 a personal commitment to purchasing a particular product; for example, a 60-year-old woman might always buy the same kind of jelly that she's been buying for forty years, even if the other kind is on sale 3 a group of people who have no choice but to see something (like high school students, who are a captive audience for advertisements in their schools)
1. In the beginning of the 20th century, the population of the country largely was moving from rural areas to urban areas, and the economy was transforming from an agrarian economy to a _____ 2. Today, three forms of advertising remain most popular. These are traditional advertising, product placement, and _____. 3. One effect of the sponsors' push for characters who visibly used products in their home was that television shows quickly came to focus almost exclusively on people who were _____. 4. _____ is when a company or advertising agency pays to have its product displayed within a movie, television show, or publication. For example, the characters in a movie might be sitting on either side of a can of Coke. 5. The cultural value that promotes the idea that spending money is good for the economy is called _____.
4 product placement 3 middle class 1 manufacturing economy 5 consumerism 2 programming that promotes consumerism
1. Age of Acquisition 2. channel surfing 3. Nielsen Media Research 4. representative sample 5. set meters 6. stereotypes 7. sweeps week 8. television diary 9. television ratings
5 (or people meters) small devices attached to television sets to keep track of what programs are being watched 3 (or Nielsen) the company that measures TV ratings 1 consumers ages eighteen to thirty-four. This group is most desired by advertisers (see the public relations lesson) 4 a group of people who share the same characteristics of the population 6 the false belief that a person is always "this way" or "that way." 2 switching from one station to another quickly, usually with a remote control 7 time periods where Nielsen intensively collects data from consumers on what they are watching 8 an accounting of what someone watches on television; this is one way that television ratings are tabulated 9 estimates on how many people, and what kinds of people, are watching a television program at a given time
1. advertisements 2. agrarian economy 3. assembly line 4. consumerism 5. digital video recorder 6. manufacturing economy 7. product placement 8. rural 9. sponsor 10. urban
6 a system where people primarily make money through the mass production and sale of goods 5 (DVR) a device that can be used to record television onto a hard drive so that users can retrieve the programs at their convenience. DVRs allow people to fast-forward through commercials easily; a popular brand of DVR is TiVo 2 a system where people primarily make money through farming and related agricultural endeavors 7 when a company or advertising agency pays to have its product displayed within a movie, television show, or publication. For example, the characters in a movie might be sitting on either side of a can of Coke. 10 in a city or town with a relatively large and concentrated population 4 the cultural value that (1) promotes the idea that spending money is good for the economy and good for the well-being of individuals, (2) promotes the idea that spending money is a fun and pleasurable leisurely pastime, and (3) believes that problems in one's life can be solved through purchasing the right product 9 a company that pays to be the sole advertiser during a TV show; in the early days of TV, programs usually were sponsored by a single advertiser 3 a method used in a factory that involves a number of workers doing very specific tasks that add up to the manufacture of complex products; for example, on an auto assembly line, dozens of workers are assigned very specific tasks in which they build one of the many parts needed to create a car, and other workers are given the very specific task of putting some of these parts together 8 out in the country in a relatively unpopulated area 1 paid messages that appear just about everywhere — on television, radio, the Internet, billboards, schools, bathroom stalls, buses, and so forth — that attempt to persuade consumers to purchase a product or service
1. ethnographic research 2. focus group 3. market research 4. media campaign 5. press release 6. promotional events 7. propaganda
6 events created by a public relations firm to spread the word about a product, person, or organization 2 a collection of about four to twelve people who are asked questions about a topic by an experienced focus group conductor 4 an organized effort to provide publicity for a client by sending press releases to news outlets, writing brochures, creating MySpace and Facebook pages, and other methods that disseminate information 1 a kind of research where the everyday behaviors and activities of everyday people are observed 7 a communication strategy that attempts to manipulate public opinion, especially by playing on emotions and sometimes by spreading misinformation 5 a short announcement sent to a news organization that persuades the organization to run a news story about something; public relations agencies send press releases to generate publicity about their clients 3 a careful study of what kinds of people might purchase certain products or services, and what strategies would be most effective at persuading these people to buy the products or services
1. bias 2. inverted pyramid 3. lead paragraph 4. nonpartisan 5. objective 6. objective journalism
6 the most common journalism writing style in the United States, which reports factual information in a manner that is well organized, emotionally detached, fair, thorough, unbiased, and nonpartisan 1 personal opinion or experience that gets in the way of being able to report a story in a fair or objective way 4 not directly reflective of any political philosophy or party 2 the formula used in objective news articles; in the inverted pyramid formula, the basic facts go at the beginning of the article — the "who, what, when, where, why, and how"; as the article progresses, the information that follows becomes less and less important for understanding the basics of the article's information 5 fair and free of bias 3 the first paragraph in a news article
1. aesthetics 2. Age of Acquisition 3. block programming 4. copy 5. genre 6. hammocking 7. minimizing the risk 8. repetition
7 in the television business, this means decreasing the chances that television shows — which are very expensive to produce — will lose money 4 a television show that's very similar to one that's already been a success 8 showing a long run of episodes (such as an America's Next Top Model marathon) 3 placing a number of programs on the air, one after another, that have related themes and the same target audience 5 in television, a category of programming that is defined by certain types of characters, plots, aesthetics, and other common elements 1 in television, all the elements that have to do with how a TV show looks and sounds, like lighting, set design, musical soundtracks, and laugh tracks 6 placing a new or struggling program between two that are already popular 2 consumers ages eighteen to thirty-four; this group is most desired by advertisers (see the public relations lesson)
From the television industry's point of view, which of the following would be the most desirable viewer? An 80-year-old white man A 20-year-old white woman A 30-year-old African-American woman A 50-year-old African American man
A 20-year-old white woman
Which of the following is the best example of market censorship? The FBI informs a news station that they may not run a story about a sensitive murder investigation. The president of a news station forbids his employees from running a story about Gay Pride because he dislikes homosexuals. A network cancels a series about women athletes because of low ratings. All of the above are market censorship.
A network cancels a series about women athletes because of low ratings.
Companies don't like to give away free merchandise at promotional events because that can be very expensive. True False
False
Hooking a young person on a product during their adolescence is useless, seeing as they usually grow out of it by the time they reach college. True False
False
The "typical" position by conservatives is that more welfare is needed. True False
False
Throughout the 1950s, it was very common to see television shows about people who didn't have much money. True False
False
Which of the following was NOT commonly seen in 1950s family shows? Families with lots of daughters Polite sons Husbands who get into silly mishaps Husbands who are wise and all-knowing
Families with lots of daughters
Because advertising funds most news media in the United States, the media are reluctant to air programming that challenges the cultural value of consumerism. True False
True
TV was so popular in the 1950s because it reflected the needs of American culture at the time, especially in relation to the growing emphasis on the role of one's immediate family. True False
True
