Medical Math, Bloodborne Pathogens, and Safety Precautions
How should a blood-soaked piece of gauze be disposed of?
Red biohazardous waste bag
Where should a disposable gown be placed after use?
in a biohazardous waste bag
What is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver
Which drug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B?
interferon
A patient had two speech therapy sessions this week. The first was 45 minutes and the second was 35 minutes. How much time did the patient spend in therapy this week?
1 hour, 20 minutes
A meeting lasted from 11:15 AM until 1:00 PM. How long was the meeting?
1 hour, 45 minutes
What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
100
What is 38°C in Fahrenheit? Use the equation °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32.
100.4 F
What is 2:30 PM in military time?
1430
What is 5:00 PM in military time?
1700
A patient weighs 154 pounds. She must receive medication in the amount of 25 mg/kg/day. How many milligrams of medication should she take each day? Remember that 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds.
1750 mg per day
What ratio of bleach to water should be used to disinfect spills?
1:10
Which of the following proportions is parallel?
2 g : 1 capsule :: 10 g : X capsules
An appointment lasted from 2:30 PM until 5:15 PM. How long was the appointment?
2 hours, 45 minutes
A healthcare worker is asked to infuse 1000 milliliters of medication into a patient over a period of 12 hours, using a 15-drip set. What is the drip rate? Use the equation Drip Rate = Milliliters of Fluid x Drip Set / Minutes of Infusion.
20.8 drops per minute
What is the boiling point on the Fahrenheit scale?
212
A patient weighs 176 pounds. He must receive medication in the amount of 30 mg/kg/day. How many milligrams of medication should he take each day? Remember that 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds.
2400 mg per day
A healthcare worker is asked to infuse 500 milliliters of medication into a patient over a period of 5 hours, using a 15-drip set. What is the drip rate? Use the equation Drip Rate = Milliliters of Fluid x Drip Set / Minutes of Infusion.
25 drops per minute
A patient must take 50 milligrams of liquid medication. If 0.5 milliliters of medication contains 1 milligram of medication, how many milliliters of medication should the patient take?
25mL
Since patients can test negative during seroconversion, when should a second test be given?
3 months after a suspected infection
Adam has an exposure incident. How long is his medical record maintained by his facility?
30 years after Adam leaves employment at the facility
What is the freezing point of water on the Fahrenheit scale?
32
What is 103°F in Celsius? Use the equation °C = (°F - 32) ÷ 1.8.
39.4 C
How long does it typically take for symptoms of foodborne illness to occur?
4 to 48 hours
A patient must take 300 milligrams of medication at lunch. The medication is available in capsules of 60 milligrams each. How many capsules should the patient take?
5 capsules
At what angle should you hold utensils while feeding patients at mealtime?
90-degree-angle
How can you tell whether a trash container is for regular or biohazardous waste?
A biohazardous container has a red bag marked with the universal biohazardous symbol.
A facility's exposure control plan must include which of the following?
A description of how the facility is reducing the risk of exposure
When should gloves be donned if you are wearing additional PPE?
After donning a gown, masks, and eyewear
what is true?
All body fluids should be considered infectious.
Which patients should be considered infectious?
All patients should be considered infectious
Which of the following situations is best handled by the Fowler's bed position?
An older patient in a hospital room has respiratory problems.
What are the two types of HIV testing?
Anonymous and Confidential
Meredith needs to transfer Mr. Grey to a wheelchair and take him to therapy. After putting on the transfer belt, Meredith realizes that Mr. Grey is too heavy for her to lift alone. What should she do next?
Ask another healthcare worker for help.
How should the bed be positioned when preparing to transfer a patient from the bed to the wheelchair?
At lowest position with the head at least at a 45-degree angle
What is the most common type of injury experienced by healthcare workers?
Back injury
When should health care workers wash their hands?
Before providing care and between patients
During a patient transfer from bed to wheelchair, where should the wheelchair be placed?
Beside the bed and against the wall
When should hands be washed when you will be wearing gloves?
Both before and after wearing gloves
What is the best way to push an object?
By leaning into the object with your body weight
Which agency developed standard precautions?
CDC
Where can HIV-infected patients and their families find resources?
Community, state and federal agencies
What should you do if your patient cannot use utensils?
Cut up the food in finger size pieces.
On a prescription, what is the Sig?
Directions for taking the medication
What should be done after a spill is wiped up with a cloth?
Disinfect the area with a bleach solution.
What should a health care worker do with bedsheets that are soaked with blood?
Double-bag them, put them in a biohazardous trash bag, and tape the top closed.
How is a used sharp disposed of?
Drop the entire sharp into a sharps container.
How long can a single pair of gloves be used?
During care for one patient
Which of the following agencies is responsible for protecting human health and the environment?
EPA
Which of the following is true?
Every body fluid must be considered infectious.
Jerry has greeted and identified his patient. Now he needs to change the dressing on a wound. What should he do next?
Explain the procedure to the patient.
Which of the following agencies is responsible for protecting and advancing public health?
FDA
Which of the following describes safety?
Focuses on avoiding negative outcomes, such as injury
Which of the following describes quality?
Focuses on efficient, effective, purposeful care in a timely manner
When should standard precautions be used?
For all patients, regardless of their illness
What must every patient do prior to being tested for HIV?
Give informed consent for the testing
What types of PPE should be available to employees of a nursing home?
Gloves, masks, eyewear, gowns and CPR shields
How is output measured?
Graduated containers or bags
What three bloodborne pathogens are health care workers at an increased risk of being exposed to?
HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
Who must follow the regulations in the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
Health care facilities and their employees
Which of the following occurred as a result of the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
Health care facilities must create an exposure control plan
When should an incident be reported and to whom?
Immediately to a supervisor
Where should evacuation plans be posted?
In plain sight, on every floor in every wing of the facility
How should employees and patients move their feet when preparing to move in a different direction?
In short pivots until they point in the direction they want to travel
How does HIV affect the human body?
It attacks the immune system
Which of the following is NOT a safe way to prepare foods?
Keep raw and cooked meat together to prolong freshness.
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent foodborne illness?
Leaving cooked food at room temperature for several hours
Dominic needs some bleach to clean up a spill. He finds a bottle of cleaning solution, but there is no label on it. What should he do?
Look for a bottle with a label.
What should a healthcare worker do first if a patient starts falling?
Lower patient to closest flat surface.
Which of the following is true about face masks?
Masks cannot be reused.
What is the mathematical equation for determining drip rate?
Milliliters of Fluid × Drip Set ÷ Minutes of Infusion
Would a company that handles billing and coding for other health care facilities be required to develop an exposure control plan?
No, because no employees are at risk of exposure to blood or bodily fluids.
Which agency developed the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
OSHA
Which of the following agencies is responsible for enforcing safety standards in the workplace?
OSHA
Which of the following is true of intake?
Oral intake may need to be estimated
For whom is proper body mechanics especially useful?
Patients in rehab and geriatric patients adapting to limitations
Which of the following is NOT a step in the chain of infection?
Personal protective equipment
What is body mechanics?
Positioning the body in ways that prevent injury
Which of the following is NOT considered a sharp?
Probe covers
What is one of the responsibilities of healthcare regulatory agencies?
Providing information about industry change
Which of the following acronyms can help you remember what steps to take if a fire should occur in your facility?
RACE
Which symbol usually precedes medication instruction on a prescription?
Rx
What does SDS stand for?
Safety Data Sheet
Which of the following are benefits of maintaining proper body mechanics?
Saves energy
Which of the following is an example of a safer medical device?
Self-sheathing needle
Hepatitis B and C use what modes of transmission?
Sexual contact and bloodborne
Which of the following does NOT transmit HIV?
Sharing a drinking glass with an infected person
Tina was sanitizing a surgical blade when the blade sliced through her glove and cut her finger. Where does this exposure event need to be recorded?
Sharps injury log
Which of the following is true of an intake and output chart?
The daily intake should be almost the same and the daily output.
What is seroconversion?
The development of antibodies as a result of infection
If an employee declines to be vaccinated for Hepatitis B, which of the following is true?
The employee can receive the vaccination anytime in the future for free
After an exposure incident, who gives a written opinion of the incident to the facility?
The employee's family doctor
A patient was hemorrhaging and blood splashed in Marc's mouth. Which of the following is NOT true?
The exposure incident will be recorded in the sharps injury log.
What caution is written on all prescription medication labels?
The medication should not be dispensed without a prescription.
Which of the following describes mode of transmission?
The method by which a pathogen is transmitted
On a medication label, what is the NDC?
The national code that identifies the drug
What is drip set?
The number of drops it takes to equal 1 milliliter
Which of the following is true about a person living with HIV?
The person may live for many years after infection
What is the chain of infection?
The process a pathogen follows as it is transmitted from person to person
How did the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act affect the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
The standard was updated to emphasize safer medical devices and a sharps injury log.
Although the strains of hepatitis are different in many ways, what is common to all of the strains?
They are all caused by virus.
What is the purpose of the exposure determination part of a facility's exposure control plan?
To list all employees or job roles that may be at risk of exposure to blood or bodily fluid
What is the purpose of safety data sheets?
To list information such as precautions and possible hazards of a chemical
Why are intake and output charts important?
To prevent dehydration or over-hydration
Which of the following is NOT true of fire safety?
Use an elevator to evacuate patients who cannot walk
There is a fire on the second floor of the Community Rehabilitation Center. Camilla is trying to lead her patients to safety, but the primary exit is blocked by fire. What should Camilla try next?
Use the secondary exit.
Which of the following can cause infectious disease?
Virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
What is the purpose of a TPR graph?
Visual diagram of patient vital signs
Which of the following is NOT information found on the SDS?
What year a chemical was discovered
When should gowns be worn?
When contact with blood or bodily fluid is likely
A patient asks if she and her partner need condoms since they are both HIV positive. What is the appropriate response?
Yes, you still need condoms as the disease can mutate and reinfect.
On a TPR graph, what will be shown for a temperature taken orally?
a plain dot
What is a regulation?
a rule made and maintained by an authority
Which of the following are internal factors that affect patient safety?
all of the above
Which of the following pieces of equipment can help a patient use his or her body correctly?
all of the above
Why is it important for health care workers to wear personal protective equipment?
all of the above
Why would a patient need to be in the Prone position?
back treatment or examination
HIV is transmitted through which of the following?
blood
Which of the following is NOT an example of output?
blood platelet IV
A medication's trade name is that same as which of the following?
brand name
Parenteral medication is often administered through which of the following routes?
by syringe
James suffers from chronic Hepatitis C and Bill has both Hepatitis B and D. As end stage patients, they are both being treated for what?
cirrhosis
The strings and elastic bands of masks and eyewear are considered _____?
clean
The outside of a gown is considered _____?
contaminated
How often should high traffic areas in a healthcare facility be cleaned?
daily
What is the study of promoting the safety of a person by adapting the environment and preventing injury?
egronomics
When greeting a patient, you should first address any concerns they may have.
false
Symptoms of foodborne illness resemble ____.
flu
What is a sickness that results from eating a food that is infected with bacteria?
foodborne illness
What is offered to employees who have been determined to be at risk of exposure?
free hep B vaccination
Why should your feet be shoulder-width apart when lifting?
help you maintain balance
Which of the hepatitis strains are preventable with a vaccine?
hep A and B
Always bend at your ____.
hips and knees
What should a healthcare worker do before entering a patient's room?
knock and ask for permission
Which muscles are the strongest in your body?
leg muscles
Being legally responsible for causing harm is:
liability
____________________ is when a licensed professional fails to provide services per the standards set by the governing body, subsequently causing harm to the patient:
medical malpractice
Failure to take reasonable care of steps to prevent loss or injury to another person is:
medical negligence
What type of reporting method is used for HIV/AIDS cases?
name
Which two pieces of information should be used to identify a patient?
name and birth date
On the refill instructions of a prescription, what does NR stand for?
no refills
At least how often must employees be trained on bloodborne pathogens?
once a year
Most HIV tests use a blood sample, but there are also tests that use which of the following?
oral fluids
Which of the following is NOT an example of intake?
pear slices
What can you use as a barrier between you and bloodborne pathogens?
personal protective equipment
On a TPR graph, what does PO stand for?
postoperative
In what type of setting should a healthcare worker interview a victim of an accident?
private and confidential
HIV is NOT transmitted through which of the following?
public toilets and sinks
What color is used to mark biohazardous waste?
red or orange
What should a healthcare worker do immediately after a safety violation occurs?
report it to the supervisor
How long can symptoms of acute hepatitis last?
several months to a year
In what position is a patient lying on the back?
supine
Where should you point the nozzle of a fire extinguisher when you are putting out a fire?
the base of the fire
Why should you not open a window for ventilation during a fire?
the oxygen will feed the fire
Why must proper technique be followed for a patient transfer?
to prevent injury
Two major aspects of health care that employees are responsible for are: 1) keeping patients and themselves safe and 2) providing the proper quality of care.
true
What is the best way to break the chain of infection?
wash hands before and after every patient
What is the best way to prevent the spread of infection?
wash your hands frequently
