Medical Terminology: Mod 12 Exam 2
The abbreviation DOE stands for
Dyspnea on exertion
proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their targets are called
complement system
The muscle separating the chest and abdomen is the
diaphram
the combining form humer/o means
humerus, upper arm
a collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region is known as the
interstitial
fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called
lymph
advanced atherosclerosis could likely lead to
myocardial infarction
The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's Apple) is to
provide support for the larynx
The test used to measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs is a
PFT- pulmonary function test
injecting radiopaque dye to obtain x-ray visualization of the heart and large blood vessels is
angiography
Mrs. Farrell's symptoms paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, coughing-- are indicators of
asthma
formation of fatty deposits on the inner lining of the coronary arteries is
atherosclerosis
the combining form calcane/o means
heel bone
_________ thyroidism means excessive thyroid activity and hormone secretion
hyper
OSA is the abbreviation for
obstructive sleep apnea
The laryngopharynx is a subdivision of the
pharynx
the medical term for shin bone is
fibula
bones that cover soft body parts are called
flat bones
Blood screening that includes an RBC count, a WBC count with differential, a platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, a red blood cell indices is called a(n) _______ which is abbreviated ___.
Complete blood count, CBC
lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies are
B cells
Growing sputum in nutrient medium to detect the presence of a pathogen is called a
sputum culture
which blood type contains only anti-b antibodies?
O
The abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is
SIADH
Having suffered severe burns in an accident, Steve develops hypocalcemia. Which laboratory test can detect hypocalcemia?
Serum Calcium Test
What is the abbreviation for the procedure that uses a thorascope equipped with a camera to magnify the area under the observation and projects onto a video monitor
VATs
the abbreviation for erythropoietin is
EPO
A group of occupational-related lung diseases characterized by inflammation, infection, and bronchitis, caused by inhaling substances in the workplace is called
pneumoconiosis
PAC is the abbreviation for
premature artrial contractions
which hormone promotes breast tissue growth and milk secretion?
prolactin
_______, which is abbreviated, ___, tests the ability of blood to clot by measuring the time elapsed between adding calcium to the sample and the appearance of a clot; it is used to follow patients on anticoagulants.
prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
The cartilaginous disk joining the two pubic bones is the
pubic symphysis
x-ray imaging of arteries and veins in the lung after injection of a dye into the blood vessel is called a
pulmonary angiography
The formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lings is a condition called
pulmonary fibrosis
the combining form sphygm/o means
pulse
a(n) ________ is a procedure in which a radioactive substance is placed within the body to enable visualization of a bone via the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles.
bone scan
radiographic (x-ray) examination of a cervical lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of a contrast material into the interior of the disk is
diskography
A set of x-rays of the bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect bone density is called a(n)
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
the physician ordered the medications allopurinol and colchincine to treat Mr. Newton's ______________ arthritis, a disease associated with accumulatin of uric acid in the blood, joints and nearby soft tissue. Mr. Newton's chief complaint was extreme pain in his left great toe, a condition called _________.
gouty, podagra
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that occurs when microorganisms invade its surface is called _____________ itis
endocard
An abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood is called
eosinophilia
WBCs with dense reddish granules that increase in allergic reactions are
eosinophils
The combining form epiglott/o means
epiglottis
Mr. Milorio is 73. He presents to his physician with complants of persistent cough. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day since he was 17. After a physical exam, the physician schedules Mr. Milorio for a bronchoscopy. The findings were suspicious for an infiltrating tumor. A bronchoscopy is a visual examination of the
bronchial tubes
the combining form toc/o means
childbirth
CLL is the abbreviation for
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
the blood protein in RBCs that enables RBCs to carry oxygen is
hemoglobin
which of the following is an anticoagulant substance produced by basophils and tissue cells to prevent formation of thrombi and emboli?
heparin
the combining form thromb/o means
clot
the primary function of platelets is
clotting
gigantism is caused by
hypersecretion of growth hormones by pituitary gland before puberty
the combining form phalang/o means
finger/toe bones
________ is a plasma protein that serves as a defense mechanism of the immune system
globulin
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that help to maintain glucose levels in the blood are called
glucocorticoids
Mr. Jansen lived in Wisconsin and had an enlarged thyroid gland, or endemic ___________, due to a deficiency of _________ in the diet, common among people in his geographic region of the state.
goiter, iodine
After 3 months of regular measurement, Mr. Jackson's blood pressure ranges between 170/90 and 180/100. Mr. Jackson's blood pressure is indicative of
hypertension
which complicatin occurs when a patient diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus takes too much insulin?
hypoglycemia
the secretions of the pituitary are controlled by signals transmitted from the
hypothalamus
Mrs. Josten saw her physician for complaints of fatigue, muscular weakness, and constipation. She had try skin, coarse hair and periorbital edema. She was diagnosed with myxedema. Myxedema is a result of
hypothyroidism
AML is a condition characterized by a marked increase in the number of
immature granulocytes
Mr. Smithson is diagnosed with complete (3rd degree) AV heart block. To restore normal rhythm, the cardiothoracic surgeon schedules Mr. Smithson for insertion of a
pacemaker
uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmia are
palpitations
deficiency of all pituitary hormones is called _______ hypopituitarism
pan
This gland behind the stomach secretes hormones from islet cells
pancreas
this hormone increases blood calcium
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
To describe a vessel as being open, use the term
patent
a(n) _____________ steroid is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
cortisol
articular cartilage functions to
cushion joints and allow them to move smoothly
___________ are chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens
cytokines
excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural space due to infection, malignancy or trauma is called
pleural effusion
the organ near the stomach that produces, stores and eliminates blood cells is the
spleen
_________ megaly is enlargement of the spleen
spleno
unspecialized cells that become specialized when they mature are called
stem cells
the instrument used to listen to the chest sounds is called
stethoscope
The circuit that the blood flows from the heart to the body's tissue and back is called ________________ circulation.
systemic
The combining form trache/o means
windpipe
both B and T cells originate from stem cells in the
bone marrow
a clinical procedure that aids in the diagnosis of blood disorders like anemia and leukemia is
bone marrow biopsy
which blood type contains no antibodies?
AB
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts
cell mediated immunity (T cell lymphocytes)
_________ oma is a malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue
lymph
the combining form lymph/o means
lymph
stationary lymph tissues along the lymph vessels are called
lymph nodes
the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland are collectively known as the
lymphoid glands
which test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS
CD4
surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint is called
arthrocentesis
The compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity is
cardiac tamponade
the collection of stationary lymph tissue in the neck region is known as the
cervical nodes
heart valves are necessarily designed to
keep blood flowing in one direction
the surgical procedure often performed to relieve pressure on the nerve root in the lower spine caused by herniated disk or other condition is a
laminectomy
White blood cells are also called
leukocytes
__________ are phagocytic granulocytes
neutrophils
the cause of essential hypertension is
not readily apparent or known
Mrs. Thompson is scheduled for same-day surgery. Her resting blood pressure is 112/78. The _________ pressure of this reading is 112.
Systolic
The pharyngeal tonsils are also called
adenoids
nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called the
adenoids
The outer section of the adrenal gland is the
adrenal cortex
pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor of the _______________ characterized by ________ secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal medulla, hyper
gluc_________ is a pancreatic hormone that increases blood sugar by converting gylogen to glucose
agon
hormones secreted by the testes are
androgens
heme is broken apart into iron and the pigment
bilirubin
The physician orders a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, which reveals the abnormalities consistent with a pulmonary embolism. You know a pulmonary embolism means
blood clot that blocks the vessels in the lungs
combining form oste/o means
bone
hyper __emia means high amounts of calcium in the blood
calc
DM is the abbreviation for
diabetes mellitus
Which of the following occurs during inspiration?
diaphram contracts-- chest cavity area increases-- internal air pressure decreases
Mrs. Farrell comes to the emergency department exhibiting the following symptoms: paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. Dyspnea means that Mrs. Farrell is experiencing
difficulty or labored breathing
The medical term fr large bluish purple spots of leaked blood under the skin, commonly called bruising, is
ecchymoses
Using high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart chambers and valves is
echocardiography
the process of recording the strengths of muscle contraction as the muscle is stimulated is ___________ graphy.
electromyo
With which disorder do the alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become over inflated, and eventually rupture?
emphysema
removal of plaques or fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery is called
endarterectomy
______ nodal means between two nodes
inter
deficient blood supply to the myocardium is
ischemia
The central portion or area of the chest that separates the lungs is called the
mediastinum
the inner section of the adrenal gland is the
medulla
MVP is the abbreviation for
mitral valve prolapse
MoAb is the abbreviation for
monoclonal antibody
the study of the shape of the cells is called _______ logy.
morpho
A ________ is an abnormal, prolonged heart sound caused by incomplete closure of heart valves
murmur
the _________ hypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
neuro
Mr. Martez, paraplegic since an automobile accident, has decreased bone density, or osteo ____________, in his legs from atrophy of disuse
osteoblasts, cartilage
a bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue is an
osteoclast
which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
oxytocin
the lymphatic system functions to do all of the following except
transport oxygen to capillaries from the blood stream
Mrs. Luce begins ambulating with assistance on her first postoperative day. On the fourth postoperative day, she experiences an acute onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, persistent cough with hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain. Mrs. Luce's symptoms include
rapid and shallow breathing, difficulty breathing, pitting up blood
RBC is the abbreviation for
red blood cells, red blood count
RTI is the abbreviation for
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
SLE is the abbreviation for
systemic lupus erythematosus
The organs or tissue on which hormones act are called
targets
____________ ectomy is the removal of a bone f the hindfoot (ankle bone)
tars
An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background, is called
thalasssemia
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleural cavity is a
thoracentesis
lymph vessels empty into two large ducts called the
thoracic duct/ right lymphatic duct
another term for platelets is
thrombocytes
blocking of an artery by a blood clot is
thrombotic occulsion
the organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth is the
thymus
the suffix -physis means
to grow
Creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to create an airway is a
tracheostomy
the combining form valvul/o means
valve
damaged or incompetent venous valves that fail to prevent backward flow of blood can lead to the development of
varicose veins