Medical Terminology Urinary System Diseases and Conditions

interstitial cystitis (IC)

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy; i.e. painful bladder syndrome

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

bladder cancer

fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth most common cancer in women. Cancer of the bladder

hypertension

high blood pressure

neurogenic bladder

impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction

hypercalcemia

increased blood levels of calcium

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomerular membrane in the nephrons, causing it to become "leaky" or permeable

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

colic

intense throbbing pain as a result of a blocked ureter

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence (nocturnal enuresis-discharge at night and diurnal enuresis -discharge during the day)

Pyelonephritis

kidney infection or nephritis, inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

nephrotic syndrome

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

oliguria

low or scanty urine production

nephralgia

pain in the kidneys

dysuria (pg. 359, 362)

painful urination ("burning sensation" while urination)

cystocele

prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina

proteinuria

protein in the urine

pyuria

pus in the urine

Wilms tumor

rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

urgency

sensation of the need to void immediately (usually from UTI)

ureterolithiasis

stones in the ureter

urolithiasis

stones in the urinary system

nephrolithiasis

stones of the kidney

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

the tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in blood supply (ischemic ATN) or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals (nephrotoxic ATN)

hydronephrosis

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

fistula

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

anuria

absence of urine production or output

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

hematuria

blood in the urine