Medical Terminology Urinary System Diseases and Conditions
interstitial cystitis (IC)
chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy; i.e. painful bladder syndrome
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
bladder cancer
fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth most common cancer in women. Cancer of the bladder
hypertension
high blood pressure
neurogenic bladder
impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction
hypercalcemia
increased blood levels of calcium
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomerular membrane in the nephrons, causing it to become "leaky" or permeable
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
colic
intense throbbing pain as a result of a blocked ureter
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence (nocturnal enuresis-discharge at night and diurnal enuresis -discharge during the day)
Pyelonephritis
kidney infection or nephritis, inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
nephrotic syndrome
loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
oliguria
low or scanty urine production
nephralgia
pain in the kidneys
dysuria (pg. 359, 362)
painful urination ("burning sensation" while urination)
cystocele
prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina
proteinuria
protein in the urine
pyuria
pus in the urine
Wilms tumor
rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children
urgency
sensation of the need to void immediately (usually from UTI)
ureterolithiasis
stones in the ureter
urolithiasis
stones in the urinary system
nephrolithiasis
stones of the kidney
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
the tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in blood supply (ischemic ATN) or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals (nephrotoxic ATN)
hydronephrosis
abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
fistula
abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
anuria
absence of urine production or output
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
hematuria
blood in the urine