Medieval Europe
Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus
-A monarch could no longer collect special taxes without consent of the nobles and Church officials. -Right of _______ no "free man" could be jailed except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. -Monarch was not above the law.
Chivalry
-Lived by a strong code of behavior called _______: loyalty to the Church and their lord; be just and fair; and protect the helpless.
12-apprentices, parents sign agreeing that master will feed and provide shelter, rarely got paid, after 7 years they could become a master by creating a successful "master piece"
Describe the process of becoming a member of a guild: from age 12 to the end of the seven years.
Small, crowded, wood, wealthy had much larger
Describe the typical home in a medieval town.
Buying a charter
How was a town able to become independent of a feudal lord?
Educated at home married young kids soon after, opportunity to paint or read
How were the lives of medieval girls different from those of modern or wealthy girls?
an invading Germanic tribe attacked Rome and looted it.
In 410 C.E....
Trial by combat Trail by ordeal
Methods to decide guilt
Dramatized lives of saints
Miracle plays
Divine right of kings, god
Monarchs believed in the "_____," which meant that ____ gave them the right to rule.
Stories from the bible
Mystery plays
Medieval ladies
-Noblewomen or _______ were responsible for managing the household, raising and training their children and sometimes the children of the noble families. They were also responsible for overseeing their large households.
Pilgrimages
-People went on _________ to show their devotion to God, as an act of penance for their sins, or in hope of being cured of an illness.
Empire continued for another 1,000 years
Finally in the east...
Crime punishments
Fines, stocks, hanged, burned at the steak
Nave, transept
Long part of cathedral, short part
Bloodleting, prayer, magic, herbel medicene
Treatments for disease
Colums
Used to support buildings cylinder shape
Vault
Used to support the ceiling
Serfs
______ were bound (tied) to the manor and could not leave without permission.
Weakening Frontiers
empire was so large, hard to defend. Communication throughout was slow. Soldiers were sometimes disloyal.
Bishops
governed areas called dioceses from great cathedrals.
Arches
Roman architecture
Marriage
formal union of a couple by the Church.
Feudalism
people pledged loyalty to a lord and in return they received protection from the lord.
Holy orders
ritual during which a man becomes a priest.
Middle Ages
the fall of Rome in 476 C.E. marks the beginning of the period in Europe known as _______ called this because it falls between ancient and modern ages
Bubonic plague, Buboes
Black blue spots on sling of the victims of _____ called ___
Aqueducts
Carried water from far away into towns
Cross
Cathedral is in shape of
Dolls, toys, wooden swords, hobby horses, rolled hoops, badminton, lawn bowling, blind mans bluff
Children's games
Measals, cholera, scarlet fever, bubounic plaugue
Common disease
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
Corsica
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
Crete
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
England
Organizations of people who practice the same craft, was created to give member fair treatment and to produce quality goods
What were guilds? Why were they established?
narrow, crowded no garbage collection and unpleasant smells
What were the streets like? What were the town squares like?
Life was dangerous and protection was greatly wanted
When the Roman Empire collapsed
Countryside, feudal manors, religious communities, towns piping up around castles monasteries and trade routes
Where did most people live at the start of the Middle Ages? Where did they live by the 12th century?
Rivers for easy trade
Where were towns in medieval Europe often located, and why?
Poland and Hungary
Which medieval countries did the Carpathian Mountains extend through?
Was the basis of many languages such as Spanish, French, and Italian
Why is Latin such an important language
Convenient transportation and trade
Why were large medieval cities were located along rivers?
People could not read
Why were pictures hung around shops and businesses?
William the conqueror, feudalism, england
______ defeated his cousin Harold and established a line of Norman kings in England. -Brought ____ to ____.
Political Instability
transfer of power from one emperor to the next - unpredictable. Often the army chose next emperor.
Joan of Arc
was a 17-year-old peasant girl who claimed she heard the voices of saints urging her to save France. -She led a French army to victory in a battle. -Her actions inspired many French people to feel more strongly about their king and nation.
Thomas Aqunias
was an Italian scholar of philosophy and theology.
Confirmation
when a person declares his or her belief in God and the Church
Baptisim
when a person is cleansed of sin and admitted to the Church.
Constantine
•After Diocletian, ____ became emperor and reunited the east and the west for a short time.
New Rome, Constantinople
•He called the new capital ___ and later changed it to ______.
Diocletian
•In the late 200s, _ took power.
Rise of feudalism
•This need for protection led to the _______.
Huns, Atilla
•_____ led by _____ invaded southeastern Europe
Improved farming and. Revival of trade
What contributed to the growth of towns in medieval Europe?
Carpathian Mountains
What mountain range lies between the Byzantine and Holy Roman Empire?
Alps(Mountains)
What physical feature seperated the Italian peninsula and the Holy Roman Empire?
At 7 started preparing for adulthood, half the children died
What was difficult about growing up in a medieval town?
Thick stone walls, visitors entered through a gate, homes and businesses lined paved streets
What were Medieval towns like?
Domes
A ceiling in the shape of a half circle that rests on a circular wall
Chess, checkers, bad gammon, card games, dancing
Adult activities
Franks, Charlemagne, King Father of Europe
After ruling the _____ for more than 40 years, _______, called the "_________"
Model Parliament
Government created by Edwards that included more people such as lower ranking clergy , church officials, and nobles
Provided with food and money in times of need
How did guilds help their members and the families of their members?
Latin their used language was the most common and most church officials could read-trusted advisors
How did the church acquire great political power?
the last Roman emperor was driven out and the western half of the empire began to break apart.
In 476 C.E...
Citizens subject to Roman law
In time all free people were considered
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
Ireland
Knights
Jousts and tournaments were part of a ____ life
Hundred years war
King of France challenged England's claim to the French feifs
Frescos
Paintings that show three dimensional landscapes
Disorder, chaos
People needed to find a system of protection from the ____ and _____.
Towns dirty no running water, waste tossed into the street, crowded living space, rats and fleas with disease,
Reasons for disease
Gem cutting and metal work
Romans developed this art
Benetictines
Saint benedictines followers became known as the
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
Sardinia
Parts of Medieval Europe islands
Sicily
Social Problems
Social Problems: corruption and crime were common. Spirit of citizenship declined.
Realistic Statues, Mosaics
Some art
Pope
Supreme Head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Europe and Asia
The Byzantine empire is on which to continents
Crusaders, holy land
The ______ were Christian military expeditions to the __________ that attempted to recover Jerusalem and other sites of pilgrimages from the Muslims.
divided between two emperors, one in Rome and one in Constantinople.
Then, power in the empire was . . .
move his capital east to Byzantium. He renamed the city New Rome (later, Constantinople)
First, in 330 C.E., Constantine decided to . . .
Monarchs set up system of royal courts, safeguard of individual rights
What changes to the court system helped protect individual rights in the early 1100s in England?
Stoics
Valued courage and self control
I,X,C,M
What are 1,10,100,1000 in Roman numerals
Saint Francis of Assisi, Franciscans
born to a wealthy Italian family, but gave up his money to serve the poor. He founded the _____, an order that is also called the Little Brothers of the Poor.
Economic Problems
citizens, who paid high taxes to finance Rome's army, were poor. Trade suffered; unemployment.
Saint Benedict
he developed the monastic (life in a monastery) way of life in western Europe. In the 6th century, he founded a monastery in Italy.
Cardinal
high-ranking clergymen who assisted and counseled the pope.
Archbishops
oversaw large or important areas called archdioceses.
Preist
oversaw local communities called parishes.
Eucharist
part of the Mass in which the bread and wine are consecrated.