Metro Ch.1-3
Megacity
10 in 1990, 29 in 2014, expected increase of 41 by 2030, 1 in 8 people worldwide live in a megacity
Although the human species has existed on earth for at least 200,000 years, cities began to appear how many years ago?
10,000
By late 1760s, the 13 colonies had at least ___________ major cities
12
First urban revolution
4000 BCE to 500 CE, urban sites multiplied and their populations grew to sizes previously unknown in human history
Productive surplus
A food surplus supported permanent settlements and enabled their growth
Metropolitan area
A large population center and adjacent communities, with a high degree of economic and social integration, also known as urban agglomeration, such as region typically has a large city (100,000+)as a hub extending its sphere of influence into the surrounding communities
Administrative function
A national or regional capital
Hierarchical power structure
Also evolved, creating a more complex division of labor
During the early 1900s, the word tenement had come to symbolize:
An airless, congested slum dwelling
Regal/ritual city
An important urban center with a population of no more than 30,000
Micropolitan area
An urban care of at least 10,00 residents but less than 50,000, it consists of the county containing the core urban area and any adjacent counties with a high degree of social and economic integration with that urban care, as measured by commuting there to work
Urban ecology
Analyzes how people spread out within an urban area
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
At least one city with 50,000 or more inhabitants, the county or counties containing the city, and any surrounding counties with a high population density and a large proportion of inhabitants commuting to and from the central city
Cosmic calendar
Carl Sagan suggested that we imagine the entire history of our planet compressed into a single calendar year
City-states
Cities that controlled the surrounding regions, including a number of other towns, villages, and rural lands
Problems in the sunbelt cities include:
Crime, air pollution, water shortages, population growth and infrastructure
Urban implosion
Ever-greater numbers of people converging on the central city itself
Functional nature
Existence of paved streets, water supply, sewerage, and electrical systems
Urban geography
Focuses on the significance of the city's location and natural resources
Chicago's explosive population growth of the late 19th century was due to industrialization and its excellent:
Geographic situation
Medieval cities, circa 1350, include all but which
Gridiron street
Conurbation
Interconnected areas of continuous built-up development
The oldest city, which showed imposing fortifications including a surrounding was and tower was:
Jericho
Sunbelt expansion
Major population growth is occurring in areas with considerable environmental stresses, in US cities in the South and West
Economic characteristics
More than half the residents in nonagricultural occupations
Critical urban theory
Neo-marxists, regardless of their ideological orientation, they focus on investment decisions and economic trends that determine a city's fortunes
The first capital of the United States was
New york
Global city
Occupies an influential position in the global economic system, attracting worldwide investments and exercising considerable economic power worldwide
Decentralization
People and businesses are still abandoning many older central cities, continuing the suburbanization trend that began about 100 years ago
Division of labor
People began doing different, specialized tasks to "earn a living"
Urban explosion
People moving out from the core to the surrounding regions
Postmodernism
Primarily a reaction against the assumption that rational, objective efforts can explain reality with any certainty
Manchester, England and Chicago, USA are both good examples of:
Shock
World-systems analysis
Suggests that the economic well-being of most cities heavily depends of their placement within this world hierarchy
Urban cluster
The US census bureau term for adjacent urban areas with populations ranging from 2,500 to 49,999 to extend across city, county, or state boundaries
Social power
The ability to achieve one's goals and to shape events
Urbanization
The changes resulting from people moving into cities and other densely populated areas
Urbanas
The characteristic of, or pertaining to, the city
Urbanism
The culture of way of life of city dwellers, a concept referring to those social-psychological aspects of life, personality patterns, and behavioral adaptations influenced by the city
The Roman civilization was based on:
The expression of military power
Social stratification
The hierarchical ranking of people in terms of valued resoures
Population size/population density
The number of people living within a square mile or kilometer
Egyptian cities were symbols of:
The pharaohs power
The technological advances that promoted the growth of the "great metropolis" (beginning in the late 1800s) include all EXCEPT:
The telephone
Globalization
The work typically performed in the central city is mostly oriented toward white-collar jobs, high technology, and services, as Canadian and US cities adjust to the postindustrial era of globalization
Mesopotamia was characterized by
Theocratic political regimes
T or F: Colonial cities were planned as export centers fro raw material going to Europe
True
T or F: one in five Americans lives in the "BosWash megalopolis"
True
Megaregion
Two or more metropolitan areas expand so that they intermingle with one another to form a continuous urban cpmplex
The American revolution:
Was a city-instigated war
Invasion-succession
Whole sections of a city change (Ex: a new "high tech" area may rather suddenly upstage an old industrial district)
Industrial parks
Workers often moved from the central city to be near their relocated jobs, resulting in a growth in suburban population and a decline in central-city population
Megalopolis
A continuous urban region created by the sprawling of many independent cities
Bourgeoisie
(The French word means, literally, "of the town") consisted of shopkeepers, traders, bureaucrats, government officials, and people engaged in commercial ventures of all sorts
London was started as:
A Roman outpost
Combined statistical area (CSA)
Adjacent metro-metro or metro-micro areas
Culture
Basic beliefs, values, and technology that characterize a city in a particular historical area
Following the collapse of their Roman Empire, cities in Europe:
Became smaller or disappeared