Metro Ch.1-3

Megacity

10 in 1990, 29 in 2014, expected increase of 41 by 2030, 1 in 8 people worldwide live in a megacity

Although the human species has existed on earth for at least 200,000 years, cities began to appear how many years ago?

10,000

By late 1760s, the 13 colonies had at least ___________ major cities

12

First urban revolution

4000 BCE to 500 CE, urban sites multiplied and their populations grew to sizes previously unknown in human history

Productive surplus

A food surplus supported permanent settlements and enabled their growth

Metropolitan area

A large population center and adjacent communities, with a high degree of economic and social integration, also known as urban agglomeration, such as region typically has a large city (100,000+)as a hub extending its sphere of influence into the surrounding communities

Administrative function

A national or regional capital

Hierarchical power structure

Also evolved, creating a more complex division of labor

During the early 1900s, the word tenement had come to symbolize:

An airless, congested slum dwelling

Regal/ritual city

An important urban center with a population of no more than 30,000

Micropolitan area

An urban care of at least 10,00 residents but less than 50,000, it consists of the county containing the core urban area and any adjacent counties with a high degree of social and economic integration with that urban care, as measured by commuting there to work

Urban ecology

Analyzes how people spread out within an urban area

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

At least one city with 50,000 or more inhabitants, the county or counties containing the city, and any surrounding counties with a high population density and a large proportion of inhabitants commuting to and from the central city

Cosmic calendar

Carl Sagan suggested that we imagine the entire history of our planet compressed into a single calendar year

City-states

Cities that controlled the surrounding regions, including a number of other towns, villages, and rural lands

Problems in the sunbelt cities include:

Crime, air pollution, water shortages, population growth and infrastructure

Urban implosion

Ever-greater numbers of people converging on the central city itself

Functional nature

Existence of paved streets, water supply, sewerage, and electrical systems

Urban geography

Focuses on the significance of the city's location and natural resources

Chicago's explosive population growth of the late 19th century was due to industrialization and its excellent:

Geographic situation

Medieval cities, circa 1350, include all but which

Gridiron street

Conurbation

Interconnected areas of continuous built-up development

The oldest city, which showed imposing fortifications including a surrounding was and tower was:

Jericho

Sunbelt expansion

Major population growth is occurring in areas with considerable environmental stresses, in US cities in the South and West

Economic characteristics

More than half the residents in nonagricultural occupations

Critical urban theory

Neo-marxists, regardless of their ideological orientation, they focus on investment decisions and economic trends that determine a city's fortunes

The first capital of the United States was

New york

Global city

Occupies an influential position in the global economic system, attracting worldwide investments and exercising considerable economic power worldwide

Decentralization

People and businesses are still abandoning many older central cities, continuing the suburbanization trend that began about 100 years ago

Division of labor

People began doing different, specialized tasks to "earn a living"

Urban explosion

People moving out from the core to the surrounding regions

Postmodernism

Primarily a reaction against the assumption that rational, objective efforts can explain reality with any certainty

Manchester, England and Chicago, USA are both good examples of:

Shock

World-systems analysis

Suggests that the economic well-being of most cities heavily depends of their placement within this world hierarchy

Urban cluster

The US census bureau term for adjacent urban areas with populations ranging from 2,500 to 49,999 to extend across city, county, or state boundaries

Social power

The ability to achieve one's goals and to shape events

Urbanization

The changes resulting from people moving into cities and other densely populated areas

Urbanas

The characteristic of, or pertaining to, the city

Urbanism

The culture of way of life of city dwellers, a concept referring to those social-psychological aspects of life, personality patterns, and behavioral adaptations influenced by the city

The Roman civilization was based on:

The expression of military power

Social stratification

The hierarchical ranking of people in terms of valued resoures

Population size/population density

The number of people living within a square mile or kilometer

Egyptian cities were symbols of:

The pharaohs power

The technological advances that promoted the growth of the "great metropolis" (beginning in the late 1800s) include all EXCEPT:

The telephone

Globalization

The work typically performed in the central city is mostly oriented toward white-collar jobs, high technology, and services, as Canadian and US cities adjust to the postindustrial era of globalization

Mesopotamia was characterized by

Theocratic political regimes

T or F: Colonial cities were planned as export centers fro raw material going to Europe

True

T or F: one in five Americans lives in the "BosWash megalopolis"

True

Megaregion

Two or more metropolitan areas expand so that they intermingle with one another to form a continuous urban cpmplex

The American revolution:

Was a city-instigated war

Invasion-succession

Whole sections of a city change (Ex: a new "high tech" area may rather suddenly upstage an old industrial district)

Industrial parks

Workers often moved from the central city to be near their relocated jobs, resulting in a growth in suburban population and a decline in central-city population

Megalopolis

A continuous urban region created by the sprawling of many independent cities

Bourgeoisie

(The French word means, literally, "of the town") consisted of shopkeepers, traders, bureaucrats, government officials, and people engaged in commercial ventures of all sorts

London was started as:

A Roman outpost

Combined statistical area (CSA)

Adjacent metro-metro or metro-micro areas

Culture

Basic beliefs, values, and technology that characterize a city in a particular historical area

Following the collapse of their Roman Empire, cities in Europe:

Became smaller or disappeared