MGMT 2530 exam 1 wayne state

group roles

are expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole

Hard skills

are the technical expertise and knowledge to do a particular task or job function

formal groups

assigned by the organization to accomplish specific goals

self-determination theory

assumes that three innate needs influence our behavior and well-being - competence, autonomy, and relatedness

psychological contract

your belief about what you are entitled to receive as a member of that organization

Project teams

-Assembled to address specific problem, task, or project -Usually exist for duration to compete purpose -Members usually divide time between primary job and various project teams

has a proactive personality

A person who ___________ is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and effects environmental change.

negative inequality

A person will experience ________ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

fundamental attribution bias

A tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors

team players are

Committed Collaborative Competent

not expressing interest in the work of others.

Examples of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) include all of the following except -constructive statements about the company. -suggestions for improvement. -training and onboarding programs. -not expressing interest in the work of others -respecting housekeeping rules.

expected

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of ________ outcomes.

constructive

Forms of trust include all of the following except - contractual - communication - constructive - competence

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

external causes

If a person views a situation as having high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency, he or she is likely to make an attribution of

positive

If your goal is to do well in school and graduate on time and with honors, you are likely to experience __________ emotions such as joy, gratitude, pride, satisfaction, contentment, and relief.

overrelies on information from the last portion of the review period.

In the recency perceptual error, a person

Performing

In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?"

ill-conceived goals

Lorenzo, a new lawyer at Hughes, Hernandez, and Long, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Lorenzo starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of

psychological safety

Manuel works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's

performance

Marcos set himself a goal of being able to hold plank for 5 minutes by the end of 4 weeks. This is a(n) ________ goal. learning procedural performance equity project

psychological contract.

Marie works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Marie's beliefs represent a(n)

met expectations

Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from job

a high self-efficacy

Noel says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." He is expressing

an external locus of control

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors.

context of interaction

Rosario and Pamela work together. They are also friends outside of work. Rosario and Pamela are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of

total rewards

Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. Which of the following would best describe what Samantha is seeking? -intrinsic rewards -extrinsic rewards -alternative rewards -total rewards -justice

fighter pilot

Spatial intelligence is likely to be most valuable to a -politician. -minister. -college professor. -fighter pilot.. -musician.

selective attention/ comprehension

Stage 1 of social perception is

composition

Team ________ describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience levels of team members.

virtual teams

Teams that work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals

interactional

The _________ perspective states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors.

1. extroversion: outgoing, talkative, sociable 2. agreeableness: trusting, good-natured, cooperative 3. conscientiousness: dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented 4. Emotional stability: relaxed, secure, unworried 5. openness to experience: intellectual, imaginative, curious

The big 5 personality dimensions

make recommendations.

The final step of the three-step approach of the organizing framework is

intrapersonal

The potential to understand and regulate yourself is ________ intelligence.

motivated blindness

We overlook the unethical behavior of another when it's in our interest to remain ignorant.

work teams

Well-defined purpose, typically permanent, and usually require full commitment from members

1. Affective. "i feel..." how it affects you(weakest) 2.cognitive "I believe..." engrained beliefs about something(stronger) 3. behavioral "I intend..." willing to act on how you feel (strongest)

What are the 3 levels of personal attitudes from weakest to strongest?

Assimilation

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group? -assimilation -building relationships -toleration -isolation -suppression

step 1: define the problem step 2: identify OB concepts to solve the problem step 3: make recommendations and take action

What is the 3-step approach to problem solving?

dissolving

What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?

task

What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined?

CWB

When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

Define the problem

Which of the following is Step 1 in the three steps of the applied approach to problem solving? -identify potential causes using OB concepts and theories -make recommendations and (if appropriate) take action -find a systematic process for closing a gap in knowledge -define the problem -determine whether the issue is a lack of hard versus soft skills

implementing complex decisions

Which of the following is an organizational function of a group? -fulfilling the need for affiliation -reducing anxieties -building self-esteem -implementing complex decisions -providing an opportunity to test perceptions of social reality

equity theory

Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation? -acquired needs theory -Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory -self-determination theory -equity theory -Theory X and Theory Y

personal relationship with the feedback giver

Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback? -credible source -fairness of the system -personal relationship with the feedback giver -reasonableness of the goals or standards -accuracy

job rotation

calls for moving employees from one specialized job to another

contrast effects

comparing them in contrast to people before them

emotions

complex, relatively brief responses to particular information or experiences that change psychological and/or physiological states

Motivation

describes the psychological process " that underlie the direction intensity and persistence of behavior or thought"

(i-deals) approach

employees and management work together to design job

bottom-up approach

employees or work teams design job

job enrichment

entails modifying a job such that an employee has the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement

Process Theories

explain the process by which internal factors and situational factors influence employee motivation

organizational behavior

is an academic discipline focused on understanding and managing people at work

Halo effect

rate a person positively over all dimensions because you like them

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory

states that three needs - achievement, affiliation, and power - are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace

value attainment

structure the job and its rewards to match employee values

performance goals

targets a specific end result

organizational commitment

the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Instrumentality

the relationship between reaching your performance goals and the expectation of outcomes related

learning goals

these goals enhance skills and knowledge

1. distributive justice 2. procedural justice 3. interactional justice

three types of justice

central tendency

to avoid extreme judgements and rate as neutral

lenience

to consistently rate people or things with an extremely positive position

Groups

two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms and goals and have a common identity

need fulfillment

understand and meet employees' needs

Person Factors

unique characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

Self-managed teams

-groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains

three forms of trust

1. contractual 2. communication 3. competence

information

Effective feedback is

informal groups

Overriding purpose for meeting is friendship or common interest

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results oriented, Time bound

love

The need for belonging is part of the need for

committed, collaborative, competent

Which of the following are the 3 Cs of team players?

5 stage model of group development

model for group forming by Tuckman -stage 1 forming -stage 2 storming -stage 3 norming -stage 4 performing -stage 5 adjourning

equity

monitor employees' perceptions of fairness and interact with them so they feel fairly treated

performance management

set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations

elaborator

An _______ is the person who promotes greater understanding through examples or exploration of implications for a group.

interpersonal intelligence

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except -emotional stability. -generalized self-efficacy. -locus of control. -interpersonal intelligence. -self-esteem.

universalism.

Danny is convinced that the new recycling program implemented at his company is worth the extra effort of sorting his waste. He believes in this so strongly that he reminds everyone in the department that they should all get on board and gives an extensive presentation at the monthly meeting. Danny values

teamwork

Interpersonal skills involve all of the following except -active listening. -positive attitudes. -effective communications. -respectful interactions. -teamwork.

negative reinforcement

Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in? -positive reinforcement -extinction -punishment -negative reinforcement -intermittent reinforcement

behavior; intentions

Personal attitudes affect ________ via ________.

values may conflict with each other.

Schwartz's model suggests that: (choose one) -values are unstable. -values are important but have no direct effect on motivation. -values may conflict with each other. -we are always aware of our values and how they influence us. -values are formed when we are in our early adulthood.

intrinsic

Self-determination theory focuses on the needs that drive ________ motivation.

Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Seven defined types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal

respondent

Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as ________ behavior.

Equity

The ________ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

income

The organizational dimensions of diversity include all of the following except -management status. -union affiliation. -work location. -seniority. -income.

individual

The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) ________ factor.

intrapersonal intelligence

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence? -self-awareness -social awareness -relationship management -intrapersonal intelligence -self-management

advancement

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model? -supervision -company policies -salary -working conditions -advancement

locus of control

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions? -locus of control -extraversion -openness to experience -conscientiousness -agreeableness

Types of rewards and consequences

financial, material, and social

coaching

goes beyond mentoring and training and is a customized process between 2 or more people with the intent of enhancing learning and motivating change

job enlargement

involves putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty

task roles

keep group on track

maintenance roles

keeping the group together

Maslow's Need Hierarchy

level 1 physiological level 2 safety level 3 love level 4 esteem level 5 self-actualization

internal locus of control

-I can make things happen -I can determine my future -I accept personal responsibility for my failures

affirmative action

-focuses on changing organizational culture and structure -enable people to perform to potential -relies on education, enforcement, and exposure

managing diversity

-interventions to correct imbalances, injustice, mistakes, or outright discrimination -both voluntary and mandatory programs -not based on quotas

Types of motivation

-intrinsic (motivation from within yourself to do better) -extrinsic (outside motivation to do better example: promotion, raise, bonus)

external locus of control

-things happen to me -I blame others for failures -I cant control the future

situation

Devon enjoys the job that he's been at since graduating from college three years ago. He has a friend who just took a similar position at another firm and the company has an opening that would fit Devon's experience. The company is offering a 20 percent wage increase, as well a leadership role after a three-month training program. When considering this offer, Devon is thinking about ________ factors.

a "one style fits all" approach.

Different motivators are needed for employees working at small firms. These include all of the following except -a "one style fits all" approach. -flexible work hours. -reward(s) for good performance. -involve employees in decision making. -recognition for good performance.

providing punishment

Which of the following is not a primary output and function of most performance management systems? -providing punishment -performance ratings -feedback -career planning -documentation for legal purposes

intelligence

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences? -attitudes -intelligence -self-efficacy -self-esteem -emotions

initiator, orienter, energizer

Which three roles are especially important to groups? -energizer, harmonizer, gatekeeper -initiator, orienter, energizer -coordinator, procedural technician, gatekeeper -compromiser, commentator, evaluator -opinion seeker/giver, standard setter, initiator

stereotype

With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a __________ of older workers.

behavioral

You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking on your smoke-free campus if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking on campus.

demographics

_______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.

Gen Zers

________ are the generation that currently makes up the largest number of individuals in America.

Extinction

________ is a means of weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

autonomy

________ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.

Organizational commitment

________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

intrinsic motivation

________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well."

Indirect Blindness

________ occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties.

Onboarding

________ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

Persistence

________ refers to how long we focus on an activity.

disposition and/or genetic components

hire employees with an appropriate disposition

four steps: 1.) categorization 2.) inferences 3.) expectations 4.) maintenance

how are stereotypes formed and maintained

valence

how much do I care about the related outcome

Content theories

identify internal factors such as needs and satisfaction that energize employee motivation

extinction

if you ignore a behavior it will go away

top-down approach

management designs job

cross-functional teams

occurs when specialists from different areas are put on the same team

self-serving bias

one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure

anger

people are _________ about what happened or didn't happen in the past - _____________ is a "backward looking" or retrospective emotion

Expectancy Theory

people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes

law of effect

positive rewards lead to repeated behavior, negative consequences reduce behavior

recency effect

rating an employee only based on the last part of the review period

soft skills

relate to human interactions and include both interpersonal skills and personal attributes examples: 1. problem solving 2. critical thinking 3. creativity 4. people management

expectancy

relationship between effort and performance

Emotional intellgence

the ability to monitor one's own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking

practical intelligence

the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments

task interdependence

the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team

Theory Y (McGregor)

-modern and positive set of assumptions about employees -employees are self-engaged, committed, responsible, and creative

Fear

-people are _____________ of things that might happen in the future - _______ is a "forward looking" or prospective emotion

Theory X (McGregor)

-pessimistic view of employees -employees dislike work and must be monitored -can only be motivated with rewards and punishments

proactive personality

-someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who affects environmental change -someone who identifies opportunities and acts on them

causal attributions

-suspected or inferred causes of behavior -important because attributions affects our perceptions of cause and out choice of action

The 3 C's of effective teams

1. Charters and strategies 2. Composition 3. Capacity

4 step process for goal implementation

1. set goals 2. promote goals and attainment 3. provide support and feedback 4. create action plans

group role

A ________ is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.

"Juan, you have been quiet lately. What do you think?"

A group member who says ________ is performing a maintenance role. -"What is the real issue here? We don't seem to be going anywhere." -"Juan, you have been quiet lately. What do you think?" -"We can do this. We've met difficult goals before." -"Last week we decided to table this agenda item. Are we ready to address it again?" -"A goal of 150 per week sounds reasonable."

Project

________ teams are assembled to tackle a particular problem, task, or project.

Core self-evaluations (CSEs)

a broad personality trait comprimised of four narrow and positive individual traits 1.generalized self-efficacy 2.self esteem 3. locus of control 4. emotional stability

perception

a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

Equity Theory

a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships

trust

a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how his or her intentions and behaviors will affect you

team

a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

stereotype

an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group

situation factors

are elements outside us that influence what we do, way we do it, and the ultimate results of our action -individual behavior often results from the interaction of these independent factors -we need to understand the interplay among both factors

Cognitive Dissonance

represents the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions

outcome interdependence

the degree to which team members share equally in the feedback and rewards that result from the team achieving its goals

percieved organizational support

the extent to which employees believe that the organization : -values their contributions -genuinely cares about their well being

employee engagement

the extent to which employees give their all to their work roles and includes feelings of: -urgency -being focused -intensity -enthusiasms

the slippery slope

we are less able to see others' unethical behavior when it develops gradually

overevaluating outcomes

we give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good

1. organizational commitment 2. employee engagement 3. perceived organizational support 4. job satisfaction

what are the key workplace attitudes