MGMT 309 Ch 2

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X represented the _____.

views of scientific management

Following the success of Frederick Taylor's principles, labor argued that scientific management

was a device to reduce the total number of workers needed by a firm.

cientific management began as managers faced labor shortages in a time of business expansion. Consequently, the focus of scientific management is how to use labor

Efficiently

Which of the following is an outcome of improving quality in an organization?

It lowers costs of production.

_____ wrote the books The Tipping Point, Blink, and Outliers.

Malcolm Gladwell

Which of the following is a challenge faced by managers?

b. The management of diversity

The term _____ refers to two or more subsystems working together to produce more than the total of what they might produce working alone.

synergy

The first study conducted at the Hawthorne plant as part of what is now known as the Hawthorne Studies sought to assess whether

Lighting in the workplace affected productivity

Which of the following statements is true

Management science is focused on developing mathematical models.

Which of the following best defines the term theory

It is a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action.

The term _____ refers to employees deliberately working at a pace slower than their capabilities.

soldiering

Classical management remains relevant to contemporary managers. In which of the following current situations is the relevance of classical management apparent

Industrial jobs are designed to ensure speed and efficiency.

Which of the following is a feature of scientific management?

It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.

Which of the following statements is Charles Babbage most likely to agree with?

A harmonious relationship between management and labor could serve to benefit both.

Which of the following was implemented by Robert Owen for factory workers?

A higher minimum working age for children

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory Y represented the _____.

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory Y represented the _____.

Which of the following best describes the behavioral management perspective?

It emphasizes individual attitudes and group processes.

Gerard is a mid-level manager who believes that people do not like work and try to avoid it. He therefore controls, directs, coerces, and threatens employees to get them to work toward organizational goals. Which of the following theories would best explain Gerard's actions

McGregor's Theory X

_____ are systems that interact with their environment.

Open Systems

_____ is concerned with helping an organization produce its products or services more efficiently and can be applied to a wide range of problems.

Operations management

One of the most critical challenges facing managers today is _____.

an unpredictable economy that limits growth

The _____ consists of two distinct branches, scientific management and administrative management.

classical management perspective

A _____ is a simplified representation of a system, process, or relationship

mathematical model

Martin, a manager at Clairental Corp., notices that his subordinates are deliberately working at a pace slower than their capabilities. In order to deal with this, he implements the piecework pay system. In other words, he:

ncreases the pay of each worker who meets and exceeds the target level of output.

Using the elements of the systems perspective, synergy can be thought of as a(n)

output, It means that success is greater when subsystems work together, rather than alone.

A(n) _____ is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole

system

Technopil Solutions, once a leading software manufacturer, failed to monitor the changing needs of its customers. With the advent of newer software companies that better suited people's requirements, it gradually lost favor with its customers. In other words, Technopil failed as a result of _____.

Enthopy

A(n) _____ is essentially a means of scheduling work and can be generated for each worker or for a complex project as a whole.

Gantt chart

_____ is a significant contemporary challenge for managers.

Globalization

Which scientist was primarily associated with the development of administrative management

Henri Fayol

Which organizational resource is the focus of the behavioral management perspective

Human

Robert Owen, a British industrialist and reformer, recognized the importance of an organization's _____.

Human Resources

Which of the following is a reason why quality is an important management challenge today?

Improving quality requires an increase in workforce.

If a manager measures which location has the most traffic and includes that information in a model to predict store profits by location, which management perspective is she using?

Quantitative management perspective

What reason was given for the surprising outcome of the Hawthorne studies?

The results were attributed to the presence of special attention and supervision among both the control and experimental groups.

Which of the following best defines subsystems?

They are systems within another system.

Which of the following is a feature of management theories

They are used to build organizations and guide them toward their goals

Which of the following does Theory X assume?

People prefer to be directed and to avoid responsibility.

though____is less statistically sophisticated than management science, it is still categorized with the quantitative management perspective.

Operations management

Universal perspectives

attempt to identify the one best way to do something.

Managers at Ruth & Fishers Corp. recognize the value of history. The company maintains an extensive archival library of its old documents and records and has also employed a full-time corporate historian. This helps the managers _____.

avoid the mistakes of others

The human relations movement proposed that

workers respond primarily to the social context of a workplace

Eastman Kodak failed to make adequate adjustments when the digital camera and smartphone market developed. The company fell victim to the process of

Entropy

Which of the following is a contribution by the quantitative perspective on management?

It increased our awareness and understanding of complex organizational processes and situations.

Farida, a manager at Pepper Edison Bank, uses mathematical models to figure out how many cashiers need to be on duty at each location at various times throughout the day. Which of the following approaches is used by Farida?

Management science

Which of the following is a difference between management science and operations management?

Management science focuses on the development of mathematical models, whereas operations management focuses on developing management as an art.