MGMT 310 - Hw

These managers focus on strategy for the entire organization, therefore conceptual skills are important at this level.

Top Managers

In the context of conflicts, c-type conflict is a disagreement that focuses on _____

issue-related differences of opinion

_____ are the day-to-day plans for producing or delivering an organization's products and services

operational plans

Customer Departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers

mechanistic organizations work best in

stable, unchanging business environments

Top management is responsible for developing _____ that make clear how a company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

strategic Plans

Advantages of structuring a company by functional departmentalization

-hiring teams of talented specialists that have deep knowledge & experience in a business area -decreased costs of duplication -increased organizational efficiency & effectiveness of communication and coordination

job characteristics model: four components in job design

1. redesigning jobs 2. core job characteristics 3. critical psychological states of the worker 4. personal and work outcomes

A financial services firm decides to downsize in order to save money rather than understanding the need to create new products for a changing demographic. 1. Blinded 2. Inaction 3. Faulty Action

Faulty Action

What term describes the amount of information a worker receives about their job performance on a task?

Feedback

Online shoe retailer, Zappos, uses a system of self-management called Holacracy. Employees have autonomy over their work and are able to use their own creativity to accomplish tasks. This ______ allows for a creative work environment. 1. removal of impediments 2. work group encouragement 3. supervisory encouragement 4. freedom

Freedom

A ____________ structure is created when a company organizes activities by business areas, such as accounting, marketing, sales, operations, finance, and strategy. (organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions) (functional, matrix, customer, product)

Functional

Logan, a human resources executive at Printopress, caters to the human resources needs of other departments in the company, such as printing, publishing, marketing, accounting, and transportation. In this scenario, which of the following types of organizational structures does Printopress most likely follow? 1. Functional departmentalization 2. Geographic departmentalization 3. Product departmentalization 4. Customer departmentalization

Functional departmentalization

Top managers hold all of the following positions except vice president. general manager. CFO. CEO.

General manager

A ___________ structure is created when a company increases its responsiveness to different market demands by locating close to customers. (functional, matrix, customer, product)

Geographic

Intraorganizational processes are

the internal collective activities involved in the strategic operations of a company from inputs to outputs through transformation that adds value to customers.

The primary disadvantage of which of the following types of departmentalization is the high level of coordination required to manage ongoing projects? (Customer, Matrix, Product, Functional)

Matrix

Which of the following is a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization are used together? 1. Functional departmentalization 2. Product departmentalization 3. Customer departmentalization 4. Matrix departmentalization

Matrix

___________ structures a company's activities in a hybrid design using two or more forms, such as customer and geographic departmentalization combined 1. Functional departmentalization 2. Product departmentalization 3. Customer departmentalization 4. Geographic departmentalization 5. Matrix departmentalization

Matrix departmentalization

If a company strictly defines its processes based on unchanging roles, what type of structure does it have? 1. Pooled interdependence 2. Empowerment 3. Organic design 4. Mechanistic design

Mechanistic design

These managers play an important role in driving innovation.

Middle managers

An advantage of __________ is the different experience and expertise of the members. 1. Diversity 2. Multifunctional teams

Multifunctional teams

Reengineering of intraorganizational processes involves

fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance i.e. cost, quality, service, and speed

Planning means

identifying goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.

Disadvantages of matrix departmentalization

increased complexity of coordination and potential conflict arising as a result of competing priorities.

Advantage of job specialization

increased efficiency and effectiveness of performance and decreased errors resulting from a lack of complexity

Job enrichment

increases the number of tasks, authority, and control workers have in their work.

Redesigning jobs focuses on

increasing job motivation and performance

In the context of conflicts, a-type conflict is a disagreement that focuses on ____

individuals or personal issues

Controlling means

monitoring employees' activities, determining whether the organization is moving toward its goals, and making corrections as necessary

Strategic planning begins with the creation of a _____

purpose statement

Core job characteristics include

skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback of a job

Plans that are used to direct behavior, efforts, and attention over the next six months to two years are known as _____

tactical plans

Feldman Films is a company associated with photography, and has been in business for the last 30 years. The invention and development of the digital camera forced Feldman Films to start thinking fresh. Feldman Films applied design thinking to strategy and innovation in response to the competitive threat from the digital camera. In this scenario, the development of the digital camera was a _____. 1. technological lockout 2. technological barrier 3. technological singularity 4. technological discontinuity

technological discontinuity

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is

that it leads to duplication of resources

task interdependence refers to

the collective action required to complete a task

Task identity refers to

the extent to which a job completes work that is identifiable as a whole task.

Task significance describes

the extent to which a job produces a positive outcome to the organization.

Autonomy describes

the extent to which a worker has independence and freedom to decide when work should be completed.

A manufacturing company knows that it has a problem because of changing environmental emissions laws, but it takes a "wait and see" approach to addressing the problem because other companies don't seem to be doing anything about it. 1. Blinded 2. Inaction 3. Faulty Action

Inaction

_______ refers to choosing a "good-enough" alternative when making a decision. Generalizing Satisficing Maximizing Budgeting

Satisficing

What term refers to the number of activities involved in a particular job?

Skill variety

Complex matrix

created when specialized managers are added to the company's structure.

Organic organizations work best in

dynamic, changing business environments

worker empowerment means

providing authority and responsibility to workers for improved outcome

According to Lewin, the third step in behavioral change is

refreezing

Reengineering changes the activities of an organization through collective action that can involve

task, pooled, sequential, or reciprocal interdependence

Top managers are executives responsible for

the overall direction of the organization long-term future and strategy of the organization.

Reengineering intraorganizational processes can also be achieved through

worker empowerment

Disadvantage of job specialization

worker turnover resulting from low job satisfaction.

Identify a true statement about the relationship between social responsibility and economic performance of companies. 1. Businesses predominantly become less profitable when they become socially responsible. 2. Socially responsible companies always succeed in maximizing profits. 3. A huge trade-off exists between being socially responsible and economic performance. 4. There is no guarantee that socially responsible companies will be profitable.

4

______ is a process of weighing decision criteria in which each criterion is compared with a standard or ranked on its own merits. 1. Relative comparisons 2. Absolute comparisons 3. Satisficing comparisons 4. Maximizing comparisons

Absolute comparisons

What term refers to the ability to make decisions and act on organizational priorities? 1. Delegation 2. Centralization 3. Standardization 4. Authority

Authority

Which of the following is a similarity between functional departmentalization and product departmentalization? 1. Both make it difficult for top managers to assess work-unit performance. 2. Both allow managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise. 3. Both allow managers and workers to develop a broad set of experiences related to an entire product line. 4. Both result in increased costs due to high levels of duplication.

Both allow managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.

Top managers hold positions such as

CEO, COO, CFO, and vice president

What occurs when decision making and authority are maintained at the upper levels of a company? 1. Delegation 2. Standardization 3. Centralization 4. Decentralization

Centralization

A ________ is created when a company designs a line of authority.

Chain of command

The _____ to innovation reduces the amount of time between developmental stages and is particularly useful for incremental innovation. 1. compression approach 2. creative work environment approach 3. experiential approach

Compression approach

After a product quality test, Meena determines that the latest batch of pens are not meeting quality specifications. Meena will use the __________ function to determine why the pens are not meeting specifications and how to fix the problem. 1. Controlling 2. Organizing 3. Planning 4. Leading

Controlling

While reviewing the latest production reports, Diego notices that the company is off of its production goal by 200 units. Diego uses _____________ to determine that the production shortage is due to an incorrect speed setting on a piece of machinery. 1. Controlling 2. Organizing 3. Planning 4. Leading

Controlling

An insurance company failed to recognize that it needed to compete in the financial services market, not just the insurance market. After several failed attempts to revitalize the company, it is now at a point where it must change completely or go into bankruptcy. Change will be difficult, as most of the company's best managers are now working for competitors. 1. Crisis 2. Inaction 3. Faulty Action

Crisis

Which type of decision making occurs when individuals in an organization are empowered? 1. Decentralization 2. Standardization 3. Delegation 4. Centralization

Decentralization

Which of the following is a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibility for completing particular tasks? Departmentalization Decentralization Class reconstruction Reengineering

Departmentalization

When Fletcher Motors, an automobile manufacturer, learned that it took longer than any other manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased existing flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle is illustrated in the scenario? 1. Maturity stage 2. Discontinuous change 3. Technological entropy change 4. Dormant design stage

Discontinuous change

If you are trying to create a new type of eye shadow, and you test and modify your creation until you have the best product you can make, you are using the __________ to innovation. 1. Compression approach 2. Experiential approach

Experiential approach

Which of the following is an advantage of product departmentalization? 1. It results in slower decision making by managers and workers. 2. It reduces costs by reducing duplication 3. It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise. 4. It makes cross-department coordination less problematic.

It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise

What is an advantage of geographic departmentalization?

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following is an advantage of unity of command? 1. It gives workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. 2. It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses. 3. It overcomes the deficiencies in specialized work by increasing the number of tasks.

It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

In the decision-making process, which of the following best defines the term maximizing? 1. It refers to selecting the most efficient technique for evaluating comparisons. 2. It refers to choosing the best alternative course of action in decision making. 3. It refers to selecting the best statistical method for making comparisons. 4. It refers to choosing the optimal decision criteria in decision making.

It refers to choosing the best alternative course of action in decision making.

Which of the following statements is true about the strategic objective of an organization? 1. It is developed by first-level managers. 2. It is redundant and does not possess a finish line. 3. It unifies company-wide efforts. 4. It is ambiguous and fails to challenge the firm's potential.

It unifies company-wide efforts.

Which of the following is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes? Job descriptive index Job enlargement model Job rotation index Job characteristics model

Job characteristics model

Which type of activity involves increasing the number and variety of tasks that a worker performs in a position?

Job enlargement

Organizing involves

assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization

What term refers to an activity that contributes to creating or selling the company's products and services? 1. Line function 2. Staff function 3. Delegation 4. Standardization

Line function

Which type of activity does not directly involve creating or selling the company's products and services? 1. Line function 2. Staff function 3. Delegation 4. Standardization

Line function

Identify the mistakes managers typically make in the unfreezing part of the change management process. Check all that apply. 1. Lacking a vision 2. Undercommunicating the vision by a factor of 10 3. Not establishing a great enough sense of urgency 4. Declaring victory too soon

Not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

Identify the mistakes managers typically make in the refreezing part of the change management process. Check all that apply. 1. Not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins 2. Not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture 3. Declaring victory too soon 4. Not removing obstacles to the new vision

Not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture Declaring victory too soon

Identify the mistakes managers typically make in the change part of the change management process. Check all that apply. 1. Not removing obstacles to the new vision 2. Not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture 3. Not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins 4. Not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition

Not removing obstacles to the new vision Not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture Not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins

At 3M, employees can spend 15 percent of their time working on creative projects of their choice. Post-it notes and Scotch tape were developed during employees' 15 percent time. 1. Organizational 2. Supervisory 3. Work group

Organizational

After his company merged with another firm, Ayush used _________ to determine how to combine departments and adjust reporting relationships within the company. 1. Controlling 2. Organizing 3. Planning 4. Leading

Organizing

What collective action refers to each business unit's contribution required to achieve organizational success? 1. Sequential 2. Task 3. Pooled 4. Empowerment

Pooled

_______ is a process of weighing decision criteria in which each criterion is compared with every other criterion. 1. Absolute comparisons 2. Satisficing comparisons 3. Relative comparisons 4. Maximizing comparisons

Relative comparisons

Which type of collective achievement requires work to be completed in steps that lead to other parts of the organization's workflow? 1. Task 2. Reciprocal 3. Sequential 4. Pooled

Sequential

Which type of activity does not directly involve creating or selling the company's products and services? 1. Line function 2. Decentralization 3. Centralization 4. Staff function

Staff function

A ________ of processes results in consistent decision making and strategic implementation through all levels of the organization. 1. Decentralization 2. Standardization 3. Staff Function 4. Line function

Standardization

Managers at Hill & Associates Consulting provide clear goals to their employees and have open-door policies to ensure that employees feel comfortable communicating with management. 1. Organizational 2. Supervisory 3. Work group

Supervisory

These managers are responsible for communicating with other departments and divisions in the company.

Team leaders

Babette is a manager at a fast-food outlet. Recently, her employees have been coming in late, and she wants to change their behavior. When Babette shows her employees a chart indicating how many times people have been late to work by at least 15 minutes in the past two months, and they start to see what a problem their behavior has caused, the employees are in the __________ part of the change process. 1. change intervention 2. refreezing 3. unfreezing

Unfreezing

The marketing team at Quaker encourages brainstorming to think of new ways to market their products. The team's diversity aids in generating a lot of great ideas. 1. Organizational 2. Supervisory 3. Work group

Work group

Interorganizational processes refer to

a company's collection of activities that occur among companies to transform inputs into outputs and create customer value

Job specialization occurs when

a worker is focused on a specific aspect of a larger task and performs steps that involve low variety and high repetition.

Is a-type conflict a cognitive conflict or affective conflict

affective

Advantages of matrix departmentalization

allows companies to manage in an efficient manner large, complex tasks high levels of interaction between functional areas and increased availability of diverse expertise that can improve the effectiveness of tasks.

Technical skills include

any kind of specialized knowledge used to produce products or provide services

mechanistic organization structures its intraorganizational processes

based on -job specialization and responsibilities; -strictly defined, unchanging roles; -chain of command that is centralized with vertical communication from managers to workers.

The vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization is known as an organization's

chain of command

Disadvantages of functional departmentalization

challenges associated with coordination across departments conflicts associated with implementation of strategic priorities when areas compete for limited resources.

According to Lewin, the second step in behavioral change is ____________ 1. Change intervention 2. Unfreezing 3. Refreezing

change

You have decided to start a new exercise program. When you wake up on the first morning of your program and put on your sneakers to go for a run instead of rolling over and going back to sleep, you are in the __________ part of the change process. 1. unfreezing 2. change 3. refreezing intervention

change

Yesterday, Scott got written up for coming in to work late. This is the third time Scott has been written up this month; it seems that being late has become a habit for him. Today, Scott gets up an hour earlier to be sure he gets to work on time. Scott is most likely in the __________ part of the change process. 1. refreezing 2. unfreezing 3. change intervention

change intervention

Is c-type conflict a cognitive conflict or affective conflict

cognitive

Reciprocal interdependence refers to

different units working together to achieve task completion

A ____________ is created when specialized managers are added to the company's structure.

complex matrix

Almost all businesses operate in __________ changing environments. 1. Constantly 2. Rarely

constantly

Simple matrix

created when managers from various segments of the matrix directly interface on resources and negotiations

Calcunick, a travel agency, organizes its labor force into departments based on the category of clients the respective department serves. These departments include individual travel, couple travel, family travel, and group travel. In this scenario, Calcunick most likely follows functional departmentalization geographic departmentalization customer departmentalization product departmentalization

customer departmentalization

A(n) _______ is a social responsiveness strategy in which a company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations.

defensive strategy

If a manager assigns responsibility for a task to a subordinate who is then able to command those who are under the authority of the manager, what takes place? 1. Decentralization 2. Delegation 3. Centralization 4. Standardization

delegation

One transfer that occurs with delegation of authority is 1. manager transfers full responsibility for an assignment to the subordinate 2. manager delegates his or her managerial authority to the subordinate in exchange for results 3. manager gives the subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do the assigned job

manager gives the subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do the assigned job

Empowerment creates a sense of what for workers

meaning and value i.e. competent in their jobs, create a positive impact in the organization, and make decisions based on their determination of strategic priorities.

General managers are considered first-level managers, middle-level managers, top-level managers, or team leaders.

middle-level managers

A disadvantage of which type of organization includes the loss of control of value-adding, noncore business activities? 1. Simple 2. Modular 3. Complex 4. Virtual

modular

Which type of business experiences decreased financial costs associated with outsourced noncore business operations? 1. Focused 2. Internal 3. Modular 4. Virtual

modular

Two examples of interorganizational processes occur in

modular organization structure and a virtual organization structure

Job rotation involves

periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another in order to increase job satisfaction and economic benefits of worker expertise.

_______ are standing plans that indicate the general course of action that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation 1. Procedures 2. Policies 3. Rules and regulations 4. Budgets

policies

leading is

the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals

first-line managers need to have _________ skills, because _______

they help individual employees learn to do their jobs

According to Lewin, the first step in behavioral change is

unfreezing

A ____________ is created when a company ensures that subordinates only report to one individual 1. unity of command 2. staff function 3. decentralization 4. line function

unity of command

An organic organization structures its intraorganizational processes

using -broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; -loosely defined, frequently changing roles; -decentralized authority and horizontal communication among managers and workers.

The greatest disadvantage of which of the following types of organizations is that tremendous managerial skills are required to make a network of independent organizations work well together? 1. Matrix 2. Virtual 3. Organic 4. Modular

virtual

What type of company possesses a network structure in which companies collectively solve problems that are vital to the business? 1. Internal 2. Virtual 3. Modular 4. Focused

virtual

The job characteristics model identifies

ways a job can be designed to motivate a worker and achieve positive outcomes

Internal motivation describes

ways that a job itself can motivate a worker rather than the use of extrinsic rewards such as recognition or pay