MGMT 311 - Test 3
_________ refer(s) to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role - Daily hassles - Time pressure - Role conflict - Role overload - Role ambiguity
Role ambiguity
How aware others are of a leader's power and position is a function of - visibility - centrality - substitutability - discretion - skill
visibilty
Hindrance stressors have a _________ effect on job performance. - strong positive - high negative - strong negative - weak negative - moderately positive
weak negative
Escalation of commitment describes which of the following situations? - when people attribute their own successes to internal factors - when a person decides to continue to follow a failing course of action - when a person refuses to follow a failing course of action - when people blame internal factors when judging the behavior of others - when people attribute their own failures to external factors
when a person decides to continue to follow a failing course of action
When should a competing style of conflict resolution be used? - when arriving at a solution will cause more strife than a solution is worth - when you believe you are right, and there is no middle ground - when you want to build up credit with others by showing you are reasonable - when you realize that you are wrong and an alternative is better - when the issue is not as time-sensitive as other issues being considered
when you believe you are right, and there is no middle ground
Kwame, Rosalinda, and Sven work at Security First Trust and National Reserve, a medium-sized bank with 240 branches in eight states. Kwame works as a teller. Rosalinda works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Kwame recently received instructions from his supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Kwame is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Rosalinda is facing her own challenges. Two of the regional supervisors suddenly left the bank for other opportunities, resulting in a significant increase in work responsibility and time pressure for Rosalinda and the remaining two supervisors. Just two days before the two regional supervisors quit, the bank hired Sven as a supervisor trainee. With the bank suddenly short-handed, Sven was asked to take up all the responsibilities of a regional supervisor. He has been given very few instructions or guidelines about how things are supposed to be done. Instead, the bank expects him to learn on the job. In this scenario, Rosalinda is facing which type of stressor? - work challenge - work hindrance - benign work demands - nonwork challenge - nonwork hindrance
work challenge
In distributive bargaining, when one person gains, the other person loses. This is also known as a _________ condition. - win-win - competing - negotiated - zero-sum - substitute
zero-sum
According to the life cycle theory of leadership, a group of employees who are working together for the first time and are eager to begin, but who lack the experience and confidence needed to perform their roles, are at which level of readiness? - R3 - R4 - R2 - R5 - R1
R1
The life cycle theory of leadership suggests that _________ varies across employees and can be expressed in terms of four important snapshots from low to high. - readiness - emotional intelligence - experience - skills - motivation
readiness
Organizational factors that are the most likely to increase politics are those that raise the level of _________ in the environment. - participation - uncertainty - energy - self-awareness - strife
uncertainty
_________ is when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior. - Positive reinforcement - Negative reinforcement - Behavior modeling training - Performance-prove orientation - Performance-avoid orientation
Negative reinforcement
New, complex, and unrecognized situations call for _________ decisions. - rational - programmed - nonprogrammed - intuitive - nonintuitive
nonprogrammed
Which of the following statements concerning stress is not true? - Different people experience the same levels of stress when confronted with the exact same situation. - Stress is a psychological response to demands that tax or exceed a person's capacity or resources. - Negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed a person's capacity or resources are called strains. - A "stressed-out" feeling might be accompanied by headaches, stomach upsets, backaches, or sleeping difficulties. - Demands that cause people to experience stress are called stressors.
Different people experience the same levels of stress when confronted with the exact same situation.
The first step in the behavioral modeling process involves _________ processes. - production - heuristic - reinforcement - attentional - retention
attentional
"Follow through quickly and without discrimination or bias" is a suggested guideline for using _________ power. - expert - coercive - referent - reward - legitimate
coercive
Which of the following answer options is a neutralizer rather than a substitute? - task feedback - intrinsic satisfaction - professionalism - group cohesion - task stability
task stability
_________ is when we attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors. - escalation of commitment - the ratio bias effect - the fundamental attribution error - the self-serving bias - the gambler's fallacy
the self-serving bias
Which of these is a nonwork challenge stressor? - time demands from partners, children, and friends - a negative life event - financial uncertainty - work obligations - a work-family conflict
time demands from partners, children, and friends
Which of the following best exemplifies a benign job demand? - Kaia is a school social worker, and due to budget cuts, she has been forced to shop for resources and tools on her own time and with her own money. - Hugo, who fills orders for an online book distributor, has been told he needs to both increase the number of orders he fills per hour and reduce the number of errors he makes. - The phone lines at the call center where Emily works go down at least five times a day, which makes it difficult for her to assist customers. - Marlo has not been given clear instructions on how to prepare month-end marketing summary data and is worried about doing it wrong. - Aaron works as a crane operator for a grocery store chain, and although it can be a challenge to load all the pallets onto trucks each night, he takes satisfaction in meeting the morning deadline.
Aaron works as a crane operator for a grocery store chain, and although it can be a challenge to load all the pallets onto trucks each night, he takes satisfaction in meeting the morning deadline.
As a team leader for LS Industries, Amine needs to choose the best possible candidate to head up a sensitive project. The client had worked with another manufacturing firm whose inexperience resulted in several product defects that need to be corrected, and now it has brought the project to Amine's firm. The client wants someone who can get up to speed on the project quickly and make sound decisions on the job. With little room for error, Amine's best choice for project manager would be - Adam, who experienced a number of failures early in his career but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way. - Susan, who has worked for the company for twenty years and has performed flawlessly, making herself known as someone who consistently delivers within her particular area of expertise. - Mia, who has proven to be a solid worker with the ability to work well with others and who has shown up for work every day without fail for the past 12 years. - Arthur, who is known throughout the industry for his hard-nosed commitment to his ideas and his inflexible stance as a team leader. - Zahra, who graduated with honors from one of the finest industrial engineering programs in the country and who has been a stellar performer with LS Industries ever since joining the company three years ago.
Adam, who experienced a number of failures early in his career but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way.
Which of the following answer options is an example of explicit knowledge? - Trini had an extensive mental model of the business she planned to start after college. - After completing a difficult project, Brian and Tina produced a thorough report to help any of their colleagues through similar situations. - Donte knew the rules of baseball inside and out, he had been playing since he was four. - Working in the Junior ROTC helped Kiera determine who to approach for letters of recommendation. - Each year Mal correctly predicted the Academy Award winners, and he never missed viewing a nominated movie.
After completing a difficult project, Brian and Tina produced a thorough report to help any of their colleagues through similar situations.
Which of the following is an example of a strain? - Vandaya works a second job to save up money for college. - Amrita develops insomnia while trying to meet a coding deadline. - Ahmed sits alone on his lunch hour and reads a book. - Sylvia leaves her shift early as a result of low customer turnout. - Dario clocks in late to his retail sales job after a night of partying.
Amrita develops insomnia while trying to meet a coding deadline.
Eduarda was the sales manager of a highly skilled group of salespeople. Eduarda heard through the grapevine that two of her sales associates had just gotten into a physical scuffle in the employee's break area over a perceived threat to steal a customer. She heard there was much shouting and accusations and a little pushing and shoving but nothing to be too surprised at with the sales quota deadline approaching. Both employees were due to go to lunch in an hour and neither had apologized yet. What is the best suggestion for Eduarda in this situation? - Eduarda should pull both employees off the floor for reprimands. - Eduarda should wait until after lunch to discuss the issue with the two employees. - Eduarda should judge which employee is more accommodating and ask them to give in to the other. - Eduarda should approach both employees separately, telling both they were right. - Eduarda should put both employees in a room until they can sort out the problem.
Eduarda should wait until after lunch to discuss the issue with the two employees.
_________ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior. - Punishment - Performance-avoid orientation - Negative reinforcement - Positive reinforcement - Extinction
Extinction
Simon started working at Solaris Industries right after college, and he had instant rapport with his boss, Felix. Felix not only showed him the ropes but always encouraged Simon as he pursued his goals, such as starting graduate school. Over the years, Simon and Felix developed a close relationship, and Felix attended Simon's wedding. The other employees in Felix and Simon's department love Felix as well. A few months ago, Felix retired and was replaced by Emmett. Emmett has a very different personality but soon proves himself to be an effective and motivating boss. Which of the following scenarios describes Simon's most likely reaction to this change? - Simon's affect-based trust of Felix and the company is transferred to Emmett. - He, like the rest of the employees, feels demoralized, unmotivated, and angry about the change. - He is resentful because he feels he should have gotten Felix's job, so he talks to senior management. - He tells his colleague Naomi that things are not the same and that he is thinking about leaving. - After a period of depression, Simon experiences a renewed sense of commitment to the company.
He tells his colleague Naomi that things are not the same and that he is thinking about leaving.
_________ are simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to more easily make decisions. - Stereotypes - Heuristics - Communities of practice - Nonprogrammed decisions - Selective perception
Heuristics
_________ are stressful demands that are perceived as impeding progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment. - Time pressures - Work complexities - Challenge stressors - Family time demands - Hindrance stressors
Hindrance stressors
Which of the following statements concerning the four main types of stressors is true? - Challenge stressors are demands perceived as hindering progress toward goal attainment. - Hindrance stressors trigger negative emotions. - Hindrance stressors are demands perceived as opportunities for growth and achievement. - A negative life event is a work challenge stressor. - Time pressure is a work hindrance stressor.
Hindrance stressors trigger negative emotions.
Lupe has hired four new employees for her start-up, ArtCurious, which has been in business for a year and recently received a large infusion of cash from an angel investor. Arlo and Carrie are two of the new team members. They go out for a drink at the end of their second week and discuss the atmosphere at ArtCurious. Arlo appreciates the fact that Lupe planned a fun party their first week and went out of her way to integrate them into the team. Carrie says that she appreciates Lupe's responsiveness to questions and her "open-door" policy. What else did Arlo and Carrie most likely take note of regarding Lupe's behavior? - She went over the company rules and had Arlo and Carrie take a short quiz to demonstrate their understanding. - In a meeting the first week, she solicited Arlo and Carrie's opinions instead of just making them sit and listen. - She introduced Arlo and Carrie to their team leaders, who then explained to them their respective projects. - She emphasized the roles of each member of the team, making sure they understood their duties and responsibilities. - She checked in frequently the first week to make sure Arlo and Carrie were making progress toward daily goals.
In a meeting the first week, she solicited Arlo and Carrie's opinions instead of just making them sit and listen.
What occurs during the second step of the modeling process, the retention processes step? - Learners must remember the behaviors of the model once the model is no longer present. - Learners focus their attention on the critical behaviors exhibited by the model. - Learners must have the appropriate skill set and be able to reproduce the behavior. - Learners focus on building competence rather than demonstrating competence. - Learners must view the model receiving reinforcement for the behavior and then receive it themselves.
Learners must remember the behaviors of the model once the model is no longer present.
Which of the following statements concerning contingencies of reinforcement is not true? - Negative reinforcement is designed to decrease desired behaviors. - Public recognition following a desired behavior is a form of positive reinforcement. - Extinction occurs when there is a removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior. - The use of extinction can be purposeful or accidental. - Punishment occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.
Negative reinforcement is designed to decrease desired behaviors.
Which of the following statements about the various forms of power is true? - From an employee's perspective, it is sometimes difficult to gauge which form of power is most important. - Organizational forms of power are more strongly related to organizational commitment than are the personal forms of power. - It is impossible for one person to possess all five forms of power at the same time. - Personal forms of power are less strongly related to job performance than are the organizational forms. - You can always tell which type of power your boss possesses before they attempt to use it.
Organizational forms of power are more strongly related to organizational commitment than are the personal forms of power.
_________ is the process of selecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving information about the environment. - Stereotyping - Perception - Learning - Intuition - Satisficing
Perception
Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's group is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. In this scenario, Pramila's group is at the _________ readiness level. - R4 - R3 - R2 - R1 - R5
R1
_________ is the use of logical arguments and hard facts to show the target that a request is a worthwhile one. - Consultation - Legitimate power - Collaboration - Inspirational appeal - Rational persuasion
Rational persuasion
Seung Min must select an intern for the City desk at her newspaper. She has been asked by the City editor to find a candidate with a strong possibility for leadership. After interviewing five candidates, which candidate do you think Seung Min chooses? - Knox, who bragged about having gone to an Ivy League school and almost took over the interview - Shahnaz, who lacks experience but was sharp and outgoing and showed an extreme willingness to learn - Marta, who was late and not very well-prepared but who came across as funny and smart - Jacob, who was introverted but reacted gracefully when Seung Min left to take an important phone call - Felice, who was quick-witted but self-deprecating and shy when asked to talk about personal strengths
Shahnaz, who lacks experience but was sharp and outgoing and showed an extreme willingness to learn
_________ is the degree to which people have alternatives in accessing resources. - Discretion - Centrality - Substitutability - Integrative bargaining - Accommodation
Substitutability
_________ reduce the importance of the leader while simultaneously providing a direct benefit to employee performance. - Enhancers - Directive styles - Substitutes - Neutralizers - Transactional styles
Substitutes
_________ knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience. - Tacit - Intuitive - Explicit - Heuristic - Nonprogrammed
Tacit
Which of the following statements is false about research findings related to the life cycle theory? - The theory's predictions are not supported for high readiness situations. - Telling and selling behaviors are more effective when motivation and confidence are high. - The theory's predictions are supported only for low readiness situations. - Actual leaders use the recommended combinations less than 50 percent of the time. - The shifting nature of its predictions has made scientific testing somewhat difficult.
Telling and selling behaviors are more effective when motivation and confidence are high.
Which of the following statements is true of the Ohio State University studies or the University of Michigan studies? - The Ohio State University studies framed their concepts as two ends of one continuum. - The University of Michigan studies framed their concepts as production-centered and employee-centered. - The University of Michigan studies argued that initiating structure and consideration were independent concepts. - The Ohio State University studies framed their concepts as task-oriented and relations-oriented. - The University of Michigan studies found leaders could have high initiating structure and high consideration.
The University of Michigan studies framed their concepts as production-centered and employee-centered.
First, the network went down, then the person in the next cubicle would not stop clearing their throat, and now Delia cannot find a sticky note when she needs one. Delia's head hurts, her shoulders are tense, and her back aches. Which of the following statements is true? - The network going down is a work hassle, while Delia's hurting head and back are daily outcomes. - Delia's difficulty finding a sticky note is a primary effect, while her tense shoulders are a secondary outcome. - The network going down represents a stressor, while Delia's backache is a strain. - Delia's inability to find a sticky note is a strain, while her headache is a stressor. - The person clearing their throat is a daily hassle, while Delia's tense shoulders are a work outcome.
The network going down represents a stressor, while Delia's backache is a strain.
Rodrigue started as a receptionist at a large printing company and worked his way up to a management position within a few years. For the first six months as manager of the prepress department, Rodrigue reflexively adopted a fairly autocratic style of leadership. The department did well enough, with good job output numbers and a middling level of employee commitment. Then Rodrigue participated in a two-week transformational leadership retreat offered by the corporate headquarters. Several months after the retreat, Chris and Aoki, two of Rodrigue's employees, are having lunch and discussing his leadership. What do you think they most likely observe about the effect of Rodrigue's new leadership style on the atmosphere in the office? - Chris remarks that, if anything, the retreat had a somewhat negative effect, as Rodrigue is now expecting them to problem-solve on their own rather than telling them what to do. - They both feel they have a more positive relationship with Rodrigue, but their motivation and levels of commitment to the company are the same as they always were. - Chris says that while he personally feels more of a connection with Rodrigue, he knows some employees do not. - They discuss how everyone in the office seems a lot more motivated and how much it has affected their job output numbers, which are the highest the department has reported in years.
They discuss how everyone in the office seems a lot more motivated and how much it has affected their job output numbers, which are the highest the department has reported in years.
Which of the following is an example of problem-focused coping? - Kai reassesses his feelings of inadequacy after being passed over for a promotion and decides to see it as an opportunity to reengage with the job he has rather than the job he wants. - When Josiah is unable to find the source of a bug in a smartphone app he is testing, he sets that task aside and works on something else. - Layla meets with her manager to discuss her feelings of failure after her new packaging design was rejected by the marketing department. - Because Cora is always being asked by her boss to stay late on Fridays to finish last-minute tasks, she elects to take advantage of the company's telecommuting policy and work from home on Fridays instead. - To meet a pending deadline, Ava puts on noise-canceling headphones and sets her phone to ring through to voicemail while she focuses on achieving her goal.
To meet a pending deadline, Ava puts on noise-canceling headphones and sets her phone to ring through to voicemail while she focuses on achieving her goal.
Which of the following statements concerning conflict management is true? - Collaboration is the one style superior to all the others. - Emotionally intelligent individuals are unlikely to use constructive forms of conflict management. - Women are less likely than men to use compromise as a tactic. - Men are less likely than women to use the competing tactic. - Trust is important when using cooperative forms of conflict management.
Trust is important when using cooperative forms of conflict management.
________ refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others. - Role conflict - Job capability - Work responsibility - Time pressure - Work complexity
Work responsibility
Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create an environment that can support the use of new skills—that is, - behavior modeling training. - knowledge transfer. - a climate for transfer. - bounded rationality. - communities of practice.
a climate for transfer.
Elizabeth is feeling stressed and has asked her manager if there are any supportive practices available to help her. Her manager suggests that, because Elizabeth is interested in social issues, she should take advantage of a program that would enable her to take six months away from the company to work on a low-income housing development project in the area. Elizabeth's manager is offering her - flextime. - a vacation. - a stress challenge. - a sabbatical. - a compressed workweek.
a sabbatical.
What happens when employees respond to influence tactics with compliance? - a shift in the attitudes of employees, but not their behaviors - a shift in the attitudes of employees and their leaders - a shift in the behaviors of employees, but not their attitudes - a shift in both the behaviors and attitudes of employees - a shift in the attitudes of employees, but not their leaders
a shift in the behaviors of employees, but not their attitudes
When assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group, this is - a fundamental attribution error. - projection bias. - satisficing. - a stereotype. -
a stereotype.
Employees at Pak-N-Sav, a discount grocery chain, know that they have to stay on their toes at all times. Mr. and Mrs. Kessler, the company founders, have been known to put on disguises and make unannounced visits to stores to make sure the staff is treating customers politely. This is an example of - a variable ratio schedule. - continuous reinforcement. - a fixed interval schedule. - a fixed ratio schedule. - a variable interval schedule.
a variable interval schedule.
Leo is in conflict with his boss, Dominique, regarding the correct amount to charge a client. Because Leo has less power than his boss, and because the issue is much more important to her than it is to him, an appropriate conflict resolution strategy would be - compromise - collaboration. - accommodating. - competing. - avoiding.
accommodating.
Filip is a leading salesperson at a business consulting firm. Recently, he has been assigned several additional tasks. He begins to overeat during the day to cope with the increasing workload. Filip also has started grinding his teeth at night. In this example, Filip is exhibiting ________ strain. - hindrance - instrumental - virtual - behavioral - Type A
behavioral
A brilliant designer of computer programs, Darren, has often been compared to the late Apple Computers cofounder Steve Jobs not only because of his abilities in the digital realm, but also his charisma. Like Jobs, he is not a lone techie writing code in a windowless room; he serves in an executive role at DiaTech, the company he and his partners founded. But now he has a problem: there is a special project for which he needs the help of a few key subordinates. They will need to work extra hours, and because of the top-secret nature of his new design, they will need to keep the nature of their work to themselves. The best way for Darren to get these employees on board for the project is to tell each one of them that - he does, after all, have the power and the means to make life very difficult for them if they do not offer him their absolute loyalty. - after the project is over, he will take them to lunch and give them a one-hour career-planning and question-and-answer session. - they will get extra pay above their ordinary salary, as well as a strong recommendation for advancement in the company. - as the founder and one of the leading executives in the company, he has the power to demand their compliance. - working on this project may give them an opportunity to learn about the skills that helped create the company.
after the project is over, he will take them to lunch and give them a one-hour career-planning and question-and-answer session.
________ is the tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions. - contrast - anchoring - representativeness - framing - recency
anchoring
As manager of the accounting department at the Low Price Warehouse, Babette noticed that the cohesion of the collections team was rather low. Each team member was assigned a section of the alphabet, A-D, E-G, etc., and was responsible for calling only those customers within that particular range. In terms of division of labor, this worked well, but it also kept her employees in their own specific bubbles, resulting in few interactions between team members. To address this, Babette instituted mandatory Friday afternoon meetings, where she would provide coffee and brownies, and employees would pair up, and each person would present the other's weekly report to the entire group. She thought this would give the entire team a sense of what others were working on and would encourage healthy competition once everyone knew what everyone else's stats were. As soon as she began holding the meetings, one of her best employees, Jermaine, began leaving the office just before the meetings began. He always turned his reports into her before he left, and they were always accurate and well written, but he never showed up at the meetings. When Babette talked to Jermaine about his absences, he sheepishly explained that he had a fear of talking in front of groups. Applying the concepts behind secondary appraisal, how should Babette deal with Jermaine's avoidance issue? - require Jermaine to attend the meetings or be given a formal reprimand - make meeting attendance voluntary and hope that Jermaine will attend when he feels less pressure to do so - discontinue the meetings to make sure Jermaine is not uncomfortable around his colleagues - allow Jermaine to continue to skip the meetings because in every other way his work performance is exceptional - arrange for Jermaine to attend an intensive class on effective public speaking
arrange for Jermaine to attend an intensive class on effective public speaking
A stress audit is often used to - assess the level and sources of stress in the workplace. - reduce role overload and work-family conflict. - increase job-related competencies and skills. - help employees take on more work-related demands.
assess the level and sources of stress in the workplace.
A stress audit is often used to - increase job-related competencies and skills. - assess the level and sources of stress in the workplace. - give employees time off from work to pursue other interests. - reduce role overload and work-family conflict. - help employees take on more work-related demands.
assess the level and sources of stress in the workplace.
Ruta has built her successful company by paying close attention to details. She is meticulous and highly demanding and often imposes her decisions on subordinates. Ruta uses the _________ style of decision making. - transformational - participative - consultative - autocratic - delegative
autocratic
In the time-driven model of leadership, which style is reserved for decisions that are significant and in which the leader's expertise is high? - supportive - delegative - facilitative - autocratic - constultative
autocrative
Irene would not go to a concert at the Wild Hair after following a local murder trial on television. The murder took place in the restroom of the Wild Hair. Irene's refusal to go to a concert at the venue is an example of - availability bias - satisficing - fundamental attribution error. - social identity theory. - stereotyping.
availability bias.
A suggested guideline for using expert power is to - be consistent, thoughtful, and honest about requests. - make sure you describe the purpose of your request. - be clear on exactly what you are offering a reward for. - make sure the punishment fits the nature of the lack of compliance. - do things for others even when you are not required to do so.
be consistent, thoughtful, and honest about requests.
When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat what they have observed, they are engaging in - behavioral modeling. - learning orientation. - performance-prove orientation. - positive reinforcement. - communities of practice.
behavioral modeling.
Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called - work complexity. - personal development. - benign job demands. - work responsibilities. - daily hassles.
benign job demands
A year ago Niantha was promoted to project manager at FeedOurWorld.com, an online charity organization that facilitates the distribution of out-of-date food from supermarkets and restaurants to homeless shelters and food pantries. In an effort to boost productivity and keep the team engaged and relaxed, Niantha implemented a number of light-hearted strategies such as casual Fridays, Random Theme Mondays, and Pajama Wednesdays. Because there is little client contact at the office, she saw no reason for her team to dress formally, and she wanted them to feel as comfortable as possible in the workplace. To keep her team energized and goal-oriented, she created weekly challenge goals and friendly competition among team members by posting the total amount of food each person managed to reclaim that week. As a result of Niantha's efforts, the team's productivity skyrocketed in the first three months, with multiple members vying to win the week's "Biggest Community Helper" award. The team got along well and fraternized after hours, and Niantha's vice president applauded her department's improved output. In the past six months, however, productivity has been slipping, and Niantha is puzzled. Looking over her records, she sees that her two best employees, Reggie and Shay, have not missed a single day of work in six months. Niantha did catch Reggie sleeping at his desk once or twice, and Shay recently had a persistent cough. However, both of them engage in a friendly rivalry each week as they vie for the top prize, and they seem to respond positively to her demands on their time. Yet, somehow, their overall productivity has ebbed, as has that of the team as a whole.Given what you know about the nature of challenge stressors, how should Niantha address the issue of lost productivity? - by allowing Reggie and Shay to choose their own projects each week before handing out assignments to the rest of the team - by giving Shay and Reggie extra projects each week that require them to stay late or work weekends - by making the rest of the team responsible for Shay and Reggie's work output and taking away casual dress privileges if the team fails to meet its goals - by assigning projects to different pairs of employees each week, making sure Reggie and Shay are never on the same team - by requiring that Reggie and Shay use at least one day of paid time off per month and sending them home if they come to work visibly sick, tired, or distressed
by requiring that Reggie and Shay use at least one day of paid time off per month and sending them home if they come to work visibly sick, tired, or distressed
How important a person's job is and how many people depend on that person to accomplish their tasks is represented by - discretion - visibility - power - centrality - substitutabilitly
centrality
Raul has a plan to completely reorganize the workflow in his department, but before presenting it to Gordon, his supervisor, he recruits the support of his colleagues Natalie and Andre. This is an example of the influence tactic known as - apprising - ingratiation - coalitions - visibility
coalitions
Which form of conflict resolution occurs when both parties work together to maximize outcomes? - avoiding - accommodating - compromise - competing - collaboration
collaboration
Which style of conflict management results in the best outcomes and reactions from both parties? - collaboration - compromise - competing - avoiding - accommodating
collaboration
The style of conflict resolution generally regarded as the most effective is - competing. - accommodating. - compromise. - avoiding. - collaboration.
collaboration.
One model of attribution processes suggests that people with a level of familiarity with the person being judged will use a more detailed decision framework and consider: - positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and extinction. - bias, escalation of commitment, and heuristics. - expertise, tacit knowledge, and explicit knowledge. - consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency. - reinforcement, observation, and goal orientation.
consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.
Google's project OXYGEN found that the three most important habits that determined leader success were all oriented toward _________: meeting regularly with employees, taking an interest in them personally, and asking questions rather than always providing answers. - initiating structure - efficiency - integration - consideration - emergence
consideration
Raj has a strongly collaborative style of conflict resolution, which will prove especially helpful for him in a situation where - potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution. - the issue is not as important as others from a timing perspective. - he believes he is right and there is no middle ground. - different perspectives might help arrive at a better alternative. - others can resolve the conflict more effectively.
different perspectives might help arrive at a better alternative.
Indira manages a team of people in the accounting department at Financial Partners, LLP. The company has been in buyout talks with a large competitor for the past few months. As the merger deal nears completion, Indira started noticing a change in her team's conduct. One of the collection agents, Malcolm, is taking longer lunches and often returns reeking of alcohol. She observed Akobo, the accounts receivable supervisor, uncharacteristically lashing out at vendors on the phone. Her own assistant, Marjorie, started nervously tapping her feet and pulling at her hair during meetings. Indira is worried about her team members and their well-being. According to the protocols of assessment, which of the following actions will help Indira best understand her team members' issues? - instituting a program through which high-performing employees mentor lower-performing team members - bringing in a masseuse at lunch time once a week to give free massages to the team members who want them - hiring an expert to observe her team members as they work and to report on the status of each member - reading through her team members' email correspondence to search for clues about their shift in behavior - considering what might be causing the issues and surveying team members about the sources of their anxieties
considering what might be causing the issues and surveying team members about the sources of their anxieties
The target's stake in seeing that their opinions are proven right serves to increase commitment under the influence tactic known as - legitimate power. - consultation. - collaboration. - inspirational appeal. - rational persuasion.
consultation.
Melba, a department manager at Gambit Sales, makes most of her decisions by counting on the skills, experiences, and ideas of others. The final decision-making power rests with Melba. However, she is careful not to make major decisions without getting input from those who will be affected. Melba uses the _________ style of leader decision making. - autocratic - facilitiative - transactional - participative - consultative
consultative
Peg, Rahul, Addison, and Yasmine are managers at Universal Software. Each uses a different decision-making style, which they each believe is the best. Peg always presents the problem to her employees and gathers their opinions and suggestions but makes the decision herself. Rahul gives his employees the responsibility for making the decision within a set of specified boundary conditions. Addison makes the decision without asking his employees for their opinions or suggestions. Yasmine presents the problem to her employees and seeks consensus, emphasizing that her opinion is only as important as every other employee's in her department. Peg is displaying the _________ style of decision making. - delegative - autocratic - facilitative - consultative - Directive
consultative
Alisha is the manager of Fresh Marketplace, an organic café, juice bar, and supermarket. The company has recently faced competition from Oriole Organic Supermarket. Alisha meets with her team to get their thoughts on how Fresh Marketplace can become more competitive. They have a limited budget, so she needs to figure out where to best spend the money they have. After the meeting, she weighs their ideas before making a decision. Alisha's leadership style is - team-based. - democratic. - facilitative. - autocratic. - consultative.
consultative.
Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. These are known as - schedules of reinforcement. - communities of practice. - behavior modeling training. - climates for transfer. - contingencies of reinforcement.
contingencies of reinforcement.
In _________ a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior. - a fixed interval schedule - a fixed ratio schedule - continuous reinforcement - a variable ratio schedule - a variable interval schedule
continuous reinforcement
Researchers found two particular limitations to trait theory: traits had less practical relevance than leader actions and - transformational leaders had different traits than other leaders. - trait-leadership correlations were strong when leader effectiveness served as the outcome. - traits had more to do with inclusion in the ingroup. - correlations between leader traits and leader effectiveness were weak. - leader traits had no relationship to dyadic leadership.
correlations between leader traits and leader effectiveness were weak.
Which of the following reflect(s) the relatively minor routine demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish? - positive life events - personal development - daily hassles - negative life events - time demands from partners, children, and friends
daily hassles
According to research, which of the following is considered the most stressful life event? - divorce - challenge in occupation - pregnancy - death of a partner - jail time
death of a partner
A leader's _________ reflects the process that the leader uses to generate and choose from a set of alternatives to solve a problem. - day-to-day behavior - operational efficiency - emergence style - operational style - decision-making style
decision-making style
Julio has been newly appointed as the CEO of SmartSystems Inc. He is still learning how various departments function in the organization. Until he is able to gain sufficient knowledge and can suggest some changes, he relies on the suggestions and opinions of his team members and lets them do things the way they are used to. He does not generally interfere in the decisions made by the employees but, at times, shares his past experiences with them. It can be said that Julio has adopted a(n) _________ style of decision making. - participative - delegative - negotiative - consultative - autocratic
delegative
Which of the following decision-making styles is characterized by the highest level of employee involvement? - delegative - autocratic - supportive - facilitative - consultative
delegative
Which of the following is the style of decision making whereby the leader plays no role in deliberations unless asked? - delegative - facilitative - directive - consultative - autocratic
delegative
Kya in as administrative manager with a number of exciting new ideas about how to change organizational procedures and run the company more efficiently. However, she soon ran into opposition from company leadership, who insisted that she stick with policies adopted several decades earlier. This indicates a low degree of _________, which limits Kya's ability to influence others. - discretion - substitutability - visibility - centrality - power
discretion
The staff at company headquarters seemed to have a problem with motivation, so the organization's leadership brought in Herb Sewell, one of the most prominent motivational experts in the industry. Herb had what sounded at first like a lot of crazy ideas, but as it turned out, there was a method to his madness, and after a week of doing his strange-sounding, sometimes downright comical team-building exercises, the staff had a renewed level of excitement and commitment. This happened in part because the company leadership gave Herb a high degree of _________ in doing his job. - centrality - discretion - ingratiation - substitutability - visibility
discretion
A majority of all _________blank are attributable to stress-related causes. - health care costs - legal infractions - job layoffs - doctor visits - work-related injuries
doctor visits
Seeking support and venting anger are examples of which of the following coping strategies? - problem-focused cognitive coping - problem-focused behavioral coping - emotion-focused behavioral coping - stress-focused cognitive coping - fear-avoidance cognitive coping
emotion-focused behavioral coping
Hector works as an office assistant for a small, five-person software development start-up. Because it is a relatively new company without extensive resources, Hector is constantly having to deal with a lack of supplies and faulty office equipment. While these problems sometimes get him down, the co-owners of the fledgling company are his friends from college, and he looks forward to seeing them every day. In order to offset his frustration with the sometimes inadequate equipment, Hector instead celebrates the fact that he gets to work in a casual environment with friends. Hector's approach is an example of - behavioral coping. - secondary appraising. - problem-focused cognitive coping. - strain mitigation. - emotion-focused cognitive coping.
emotion-focused cognitive coping.
Oliver owns a furniture moving company. During late spring, especially when the local colleges go on summer break and students move out of the dorms, he finds himself overloaded with work, which often makes him feel irritable and anxious. To calm himself, he often takes time out to go swimming. In this example, the coping strategy that Oliver uses can be classified as - Type B coping behavior. - cognitive coping. - Type A coping behavior. - emotion-focused coping. - primary appraisal.
emotion-focused coping.
Kent is on the rise in the corporate hierarchy, and he is building a personal following along the way. Those who are loyal to him, he says, will benefit significantly in the future, when he is in a position to decide salaries and benefits. Kent is using the influence tactic known as - personal appeals. - apprising. - exchange. - coalition. - ingratiation.
exchange.
As the most experienced botanist in the world when it comes to a particular rare but serious tree fungus with the potential to destroy thousands of acres of forests, Chitra possesses enormous _________ power within the botanical community. - formal - reward - expert - legal - structural
expert
The two types of personal power are _________ power. - expert and legitimate - reward and referent - expert and referent - reward and coercive - expert and coercive
expert and referent
The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices are referred to as - learning - intuition - expertise - distinctiveness - trainging
expertise
The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals—with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although it has procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution. However, at first glance, her idea sounds counterintuitive, and she needs the immediate support of her entire team to get behind her idea quickly. Therefore, she should - first see to it that the person responsible for the mistake is identified and dealt with, then take action on the problem. - explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members. - let the team members know that, as a manager with considerable experience, she knows what needs to be done and therefore requires absolute allegiance. - inform the team that the problem needs to be investigated, then form a study group and invite group members to present their findings. - begin by acknowledging that her solution is one possible idea out of many, then present her proposal and ask for feedback from the team.
explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members.
In her job as a research assistant for a pharmaceutical company, Sevda spends a lot of time at her computer. Today her boss told her, "Find out everything you can about opioid use in Germany," and she immediately sat down and typed a few words into a search engine. Soon she had a dossier on the subject, gleaned from her research on the Internet. The information Sevda acquired in this way is an example of _________ knowledge. - distinctive - heuristic - intuitive - tacit - explicit
explicit
Tarquin is a quality control manager at Olympia Sporting Goods. Any time a problem arises and a decision needs to be made, he believes in getting his people involved. He presents the problem to his employees and seeks consensus on a solution. He insists in these problem-solving meetings that his opinion and suggestions carry no more weight than anyone else's. Which of the following is the decision-making style that Tarquin is displaying? - facilitative - autocratic - negotiative - consultative - delegative
facilitative
Eisha is an independent graphic designer who works with a number of advertising agencies. She used to charge by the hour, but she has now switched to charging by the ad. In other words, she has moved from a _________ schedule. - fixed interval to a variable ratio - variable interval to a continuous - variable interval to a variable ratio - fixed interval to a fixed ratio
fixed interval to a fixed ratio
The two reinforcement schedules based on actual behaviors are - variable interval schedules and variable ratio schedules. - fixed interval schedules and fixed ratio schedules. - fixed interval schedules and variable interval schedules. - variable interval schedules and fixed ratio schedules. - fixed ratio schedules and variable ratio schedules.
fixed ratio schedules and variable ratio schedules.
The senator was having trouble getting support for a piece of legislation called The Omnibus Tax Increase Act. After soliciting input from his staff, he renamed it An Act to Protect the American Way of Life. Suddenly, public opinion was on his side, and he soon had the votes he needed. The reason stems from a decision-making bias known as - contrast. - framing. - recency. - representativeness. - anchoring.
framing.
After dealing with stressful work demands for over a year, Sarah began to feel emotionally, mentally, and physically exhausted. Sarah is likely suffering - from challenge stressors. - the consequences of recovery. - from burnout. - behavioral strains. - physiological strains.
from burnout.
According to the leader-member exchange theory, the two general types of leader-member dyads are - intrinsic and extrinsic. - participating exchange and observing exchange. - role-taking exchange and role-selling exchange. - high-quality exchange and low-quality exchange. - role making and role taking.
high-quality exchange and low-quality exchange.
Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's team is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Marcus's optimal behavior to deal with his group's readiness should be characterized by _________ initiating structure and _________ consideration. - low; moderate - high; high - moderate; low - moderate; moderate - low; high
high; high
Jackson's boss, Samira, is excited about a new project management system she learned about at a weekend seminar, which purports to increase accountability and efficiency by 30 percent. She bought it for the office and hired a trainer to teach everyone in the office how to use it. What dimension of day-to-day leadership is Samira demonstrating? - innovation - test-marketing - group consensus - initiating structure - consideration
initiating structure
A few minutes before the grand opening of the newest store in the chain, Zahra from the corporate office gave the whole team a rousing speech in which she told them that they had the power to make things better for the entire community. This is an example of - rational persuasion. - collaboration. - inspirational appeal. - legitimate power. - consultation.
inspirational appeal.
Choosing from the following answer options, which influence tactic is considered the most effective? - personal appeals - coalitions - pressure - exchange - inspirational appeals
inspirational appeals
Which of the following statements describes intuition? - decisions that have become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize the course of action that needs to be taken - a situation that arises that is new, complex, and not recognized - a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives - a change, whether sudden or evolving, that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately - judgments that are emotionally charged, arising through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations
judgments that are emotionally charged, arising through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations
Technically, Vinh's direct supervisor is Leila, but his de facto boss is his colleague Mark, who has been with the company for several years. Vinh has stopped even trying to get Leila's feedback on problems because she always seems to be out of the office for some reason or another, and even when she is there, she avoids talking to anyone. Leila is demonstrating - laissez-faire leadership. - active management-by-exception. - contingent reward leadership. - passive management-by-exception. - transactional leadership.
laissez-faire leadership.
Ronin knew the deadline was approaching quickly, and his team needed just one more day to complete their sales analysis. He used both his power and influence to get the deadline extended a few more days so his team could meet their goal. Ronin is exhibiting his - visibility - leadership - ingratiation - collaboration - centrality
leadership
If a manager fails to communicate their request politely, they are breaking the guideline for using _________ power. - reward - referent - legitiamte - coercive - expert
legitimate
Power derived from a position of authority inside the organization is _________ power. - structural - political - legitimate - reward - expert
legitimate
What is representative of the accommodating style of conflict resolution? - moderate assertiveness and low cooperation - high assertiveness and high cooperation - low assertiveness and high cooperation - low assertiveness and low cooperation - high assertiveness and low cooperation
low assertiveness and high cooperation
Parker works in an office with about 20 employees. Seven or eight employees go out to lunch together at least once a week. Parker rarely joins the lunches, although all are welcome, but the office manager joins regularly. Parker has just found out about a new office computer system that will be installed and realizes that the workers who go out to lunch together already know about the new computer system. Parker likely has a(n) _________ dyad with the office manager. - intrinsic - low-quality - high-quality - extrinsic - participating
low-quality
Learning has a _________ effect on commitment. - moderate negative effect on performance and a moderate positive - weak positive effect on performance and a weak negative - strong positive effect on performance and a strong positive - moderate positive effect on performance and a weak positive - weak negative effect on performance and a strong positive
moderate positive effect on performance and a weak positive
The leader-member exchange theory argues that - the correlations of the trait-leadership magnitude are strong. - organizations should limit leader-member exchanges to maximize organizational productivity. - new relationships between leaders and members are typically marked by a role-taking phase. - leader traits hold more practical relevance than leader actions. - most leaders can judge their performance by referring to the number of companies they have created.
new relationships between leaders and members are typically marked by a role-taking phase.
What occurs when actions by individuals in an organization are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests? - political skill - organizational politics - leadership - internalization - distributive bargaining
organizational politics
People with a performance-avoid orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that - they will not cause others to think poorly of themselves. - others will think favorably of them. - others will not think poorly of them. - they will think favorably of themselves. - they will not think poorly of themselves.
others will not think poorly of them.
Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's team is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Which of the following behaviors would be best suited to deal with Jasmine's group's readiness? - telling - selling - delegating - negotiating - participating
participating
The optimal combination of leader behaviors in the R3 stage of the life cycle theory of leadership is - participating - selling - delegating - telling - regulating
participating
Thanks to donations from merchants in the community, an after-school club for disadvantaged children has introduced a new promotion: those who maintain a B average for the school year will each receive $100 in gift certificates from local businesses, such as an ice cream parlor and a clothing store. This is an example of - positive reinforcement. - performance-prove orientation. - continuous reinforcement. - behavioral modeling. - learning orientation.
positive reinforcement.
Kate's firm does marketing research studies for film production companies, and this week it showed carefully selected test audiences a soon-to-be-released blockbuster called Love, Explosions, and Laughter. Afterward, it presented participants with a series of questions, including one that asked them to rate their favorite movie of all time. Production company executives were thrilled to see that viewers rated Love, Explosions, and Laughter higher than such classics as Citizen Kane and The Wizard of Oz, but most likely the reason for this was a decision-making bias known as - anchoring. - recency. - representativeness. - framing. - Contrast.
recency.
Kate's firm does marketing research studies for film production companies, and this week it showed carefully selected test audiences a soon-to-be-released blockbuster called Love, Explosions, and Laughter. Afterward, it presented participants with a series of questions, including one that asked them to rate their favorite movie of all time. Production company executives were thrilled to see that viewers rated Love, Explosions, and Laughter higher than such classics as Citizen Kane and The Wizard of Oz, but most likely the reason for this was a decision-making bias known as - framing. - recency. - contrast. - anchoring. - representativeness.
recency.
Bill Gates commands the respect and admiration of people around the world for his achievements in information technology as well as for his philanthropy. Many people who admire him try to emulate his actions. He clearly wields _________ power. - reward - legitimate - coercive - referent - structural
referent
Noted for being a creative thinker and wearing bright-colored glasses, Clemente is no ordinary associate director within the gigantic Walbeam Corporation. Top management has identified him as one of the rising stars, and he has an enormously loyal following among the company's youngest and most energetic executives. Everyone, it seems, wants to be around Clemente, who possesses a great deal of _________ power within the organization. - referent - structural - reward - coercive - collaborative
referent
Global Sensors, a magnetic imaging firm, is looking for an employee to serve as field director at the company's Tokyo office. Rob wants the position and has approached Marguerite, who is in charge of interviewing for the position, to convince her that he is right for the position. In this situation, Marguerite has _________ power. - coercive - personal - referent - reward - expert
reward
Which type of power exists when someone has control over the resources another person wants? - coercive - expert - reward - personal - referent
reward
Tobias is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the insurance industry. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of insurance sales techniques but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a trainee named Lena approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Dropping the friendly persona that was typical of his on-stage presence, he simply said, "I can't" and walked out. Tobias was - wrong, because clearly Lena was eager to learn, and almost anything can be taught to someone else if that person is eager and willing enough to learn. - right, because he had already spent a great deal of time teaching at the seminar, and whatever he needed to convey had already been conveyed. - right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to. - right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to. - right, because it is not his job to train potential competition—especially someone who might be attempting to gain an unfair advantage.
right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to.
Hana is working as the head of international marketing at Moose Tracks Distillery. Her work requires her to travel extensively and meet customers in various countries. However, Hana's role also requires her to mentor several marketing data specialists assigned to her and keep track of their progress. Because Hana stays away from her office most of the time, she finds it difficult to manage both types of work responsibilities. Hana faces which of the following challenges? - role penetration - role complexities - role enrichment - role conflict - role ambiguity
role conflict
Beth is a senior accountant at The American Bank. Her job profile includes preparing monthly financial statements, getting high-net-worth individuals to invest in the bank, and dealing with people who want loans above $30,000. Her work involves a lot of paperwork and she frequently travels to meet clients. The end of each month is especially busy because Beth has to check the audit reports as well. Unable to handle the pressure, Beth speaks to her boss and asks to be given an assistant. This is an example of - time pressure. - work complexity. - negative life event. - role overload. - daily hassles.
role overload
Which of the following are examples of problem-focused cognitive coping strategies? - reappraising and looking for the positive in the negative - avoiding, distancing, and ignoring - working harder and seeking assistance - self-motivation and changing priorities - seeking support and venting anger
self-motivation and changing priorities
In the _________ leader behavior, leaders supplement their directing with support and encouragement to protect the confidence levels of the employees. - negotiating - telling - delegating - selling - participating
selling
In the life cycle theory of leadership, the optimal combination of leader behaviors in the R2 stage is - negotiating. - selling. - telling. - participating. - delegating.
selling.
Tameeka has developed a reputation in her industry for her key involvement in several high-profile negotiations where she has used a distributive framework. Now, she likely finds that - other managers in her company are shunning the same technique. - she has difficulty negotiating in any other way. - her level of emotional intelligence has increased. - she has to use integrative techniques next time. - it is impossible to use inspirational appeals with colleagues.
she has difficulty negotiating in any other way.
Instrumental and emotional describe two major types of - social support. - financial support. - physiological support. - psychological support. - behavioral support.
social support.
Preston Productions, a large international production company, has just transferred Omar to Brazil. His supervisor has informed him that he will be involved in a knowledge transfer, which most likely means that - Omar will be receiving a debriefing regarding what he knows about Brazil and the company in general. - Brazilian company officials will educate Omar regarding their country, culture, history, and customs. - he will be working with a Brazilian counterpart interested in learning about American culture. - Preston Productions is engaged in a transfer of information to a Brazilian corporation. - someone with experience living in Brazil will help him learn how to operate and live in his new environment.
someone with experience living in Brazil will help him learn how to operate and live in his new environment.
Nobuko is a customer service representative at Call Center Central. She thought a job answering phones all day would be easy, and at first it seemed to be. Over time, however, the large daily call volume and the number of angry or aggressive callers have made her edgy, and she finds herself being short with customers for no reason. She now has muscle spasms and gets headaches while at work. Nobuko's physical symptoms are examples of - stress reduction - stressors - strains - personality quirks - poor decision making
strains
Nick works for a nonprofit environmental organization and believes strongly in its aims and goals. Having said that, he does not especially care for his boss, Seth, and neither do most of the other employees. Nick finds Seth to be an unimaginative, inefficient, and personally unappealing boss. Seth often makes things harder than they have to be and has unpleasant habits. However, Nick loves working with his team. They all get along well and do a lot to support each other. He feels deeply motivated by and invested in his team's goals. Nick's team is an effective - substitute - benefactor - satisficer - motivator - neutralizer
substitute
Eric has never had any formal training in computer science, yet everyone at the office recognizes him as a genius with hardware and software. On numerous occasions, he has repaired a piece of equipment that seemed unsalvageable or helped someone recover a document they thought was lost forever. When asked how he always seems to know just the right solution, he just shrugs and says with a laugh that if anybody spent as much time messing around with computers as he has, then they would be able to do the same thing. This is an example of - rational decision making. - tacit knowledge. - transfer of training. - learning orientation. - knowledge transfer.
tacit knowledge.
The life cycle theory of leadership holds that at the R1 stage, the lion's share of the leader's attention must be devoted to directing followers because their goals and roles need to be clearly defined. Which of the following leader behaviors is appropriate at this stage? - sellling - delegating - telling - performing - participating
telling
What is political skill? - win-lose negotiating over a "fixed-pie" of resources, so that when one person gains, the other person loses - the ability to understand others at work and use that knowledge to influence others to enhance personal and/or organizational objectives - actions by individuals that are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests - the use of favors, compliments, or friendly behavior to make the target feel better about the influencer - a process in which two or more interdependent individuals discuss and attempt to come to an agreement about their different preferences
the ability to understand others at work and use that knowledge to influence others to enhance personal and/or organizational objectives
Work complexity refers to - a personal event that is perceived as stressful and may result in significant changes to a person's life. - the nature of the obligations that a person has toward coworkers. - the degree to which work requirements tax or exceed the capabilities of the person responsible for performing it. - a strong sense that the amount of a time a person has to complete a task is not enough. - conflicting expectations that others have about another worker.
the degree to which work requirements tax or exceed the capabilities of the person responsible for performing it.
Valeria is the vice president of communications for a shoe and handbag designer. In a typical workweek, she is required to attend four departmental meetings, prepare media reports, handle interviews with media outlets, have one-on-one meetings with each of her three managers, and travel to a satellite location where mock-ups of new products are photographed for catalogs, the company's website, and social media. Most weeks, Valeria puts in more than 70 hours at the office, and she often responds to emails while watching television at night and on the weekends. Despite this, she finds herself falling behind. Valeria's experience is an example of - the requirements of the job exceeding her capabilities. - the number of role demands placed on her being too high. - having too many nonwork obligations. - a lack of information about what needs to be done to accomplish her tasks. - competing expectations from different departments about her job duties.
the number of role demands placed on her being too high.
Tracy and Tonya's business has enjoyed enormous growth, and they are not sure how to handle the growing list of back orders, so they sit down together to figure out what they should do. First, they list the important criteria involved, then they write down all possible solutions. Having done so, they evaluate these alternatives against the criteria they have established, and after a great deal of discussion, they choose an alternative that they believe will yield the best results. Lastly, having made a decision, they set out to implement it. This is an example of - the rational decision-making model. - communities of practice. - knowledge transfer. - bounded rationality. - performance-prove orientation.
the rational decision-making model.
Over lunch, Daniela and Hassan are discussing their managers. Daniela describes her boss as extremely motivating. Work goals are more demanding than ever, but even though the rewards of the hard work may not come soon, Daniela trusts her manager's emphasis on the future good that will come from their work. She feels that working with this new manager has led to a much stronger emotional bond with the organization, much more engagement with the work, and an overall increase in her job satisfaction. Daniela's boss can be described as a(n) _________ leader. - transformational - transactional - authentic - perceptive - Weberian
transformational
