MGMT 371 Final Review

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Approximately​ ________ percent of the U.S. workforce is represented by labor unions.

11

The average listener can comprehend about​ ________ per minute.

400

Which of the following managers has line​ authority?

A customer service manager establishes the work schedules of customer service representatives and can discipline them in accordance with the rules of the company.

Which of the following is the best example of customer​ departmentalization?

A textbook publisher with separate divisions for clients in higher​ education, professional continuing​ education, elementary​ education, and secondary education

Which term refers to efforts to improve the educational​ and/or employment opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race or​ gender?

Affirmative action

Which personality trait in the Big Five Model would reflect the degree to which an individual is​ good-natured, cooperative, and​ trusting?

Agreeableness

LaToya has developed a progressive form of hearing loss. To ensure that she is still able to perform the essential functions of her​ job, her employer was required to make a reasonable accommodation and equip her office telephone with a specialized headset. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this​ scenario?

Americans with Disabilities Act

Which of the following is considered a structural variable that positively impacts an​ organization's innovation?

An​ organic-type structure

Which core job dimension in the job characteristics model​ (JCM) describes the degree to which a job provides substantial​ freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining task​ procedures?

Autonomy

Because of its sheer size and the volume of products it purchases from its​ vendors, Walmart can dictate the prices it will pay. Which of​ Porter's five competitive forces does this​ represent?

Bargaining power of buyers

An electronics firm develops a control for an appliance​ manufacturer, and its contract states​ that, if the appliance manufacturer terminates the contract​ early, it must reimburse the electronics firm for​ $2 million in development costs. Which of​ Porter's five competitive forces does this​ represent?

Bargaining power of suppliers

When does feedforward control take​ place?

Before a work activity occurs

​__________ refers to the concept that many managers lack the time and the ability to process all of the alternatives to solve a problem.

Bounded rationality

A strategic business unit​ (SBU) of a major corporation has high market share in its​ industry, but the growth rate of the industry is expected to be stagnant over the long run. According to the BCG​ matrix, how would this SBU be​ categorized?

Cash cow

Laura is a billing clerk in a​ medium-sized manufacturing company. She reports to the Supervisor of Accounts​ Payable, who in turn reports to the Manager of Accounting. The Manager of Accounting is accountable to the Chief Financial​ Officer, who reports to the company president. Which element of organizational design does this​ illustrate?

Chain of command

Which U.S. law prohibits discrimination on the basis of​ religion?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

​"My way or the​ highway" would best describe which technique to manage resistance to​ change?

Coercion

Which of the following would likely be considered an outcome in terms of equity​ theory?

Compensation

Which of these factors has the greatest influence on a​ group's effectiveness?

Complexity and interdependence

Pasta Pronto is planning to grow by adding a location and increasing its delivery radius. What type of strategy is Pasta Pronto​ using?

Concentration

Research has shown that important relationships exist between the personality dimensions identified by the Big Five Model and job performance. Which factor is the best predictor of job​ performance?

Conscientiousness

Chandra is a​ "people person" when it comes to managing her department. She seems to genuinely care about her​ subordinates' welfare and actively solicits their inputs in making decisions that affect them. According to the Ohio State​ studies, what type of leadership behavior does Chandra most likely​ demonstrate?

Consideration behavior

​Reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations would best describe which dimension of​ trust?

Consistency

A manufacturer of luxury handbags and luggage does not hire any permanent employees in its distribution facilities. Workers are hired as temporary​ workers, subject to demand for their services. The company pays no Social​ Security, Medicare, or unemployment insurance taxes on these employees. Which term best describes this work​ arrangement?

Contingent workers

Linette Enterprises is a​ start-up company seeking financing. The loan officer is most concerned with whether the company has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. Which financial ratio should most likely be​ examined?

Current ratio

Which of the following describes the management function of​ planning?

Defining the​ organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those​ goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities

​Sarah's team has taken on a new project. She has a lot of confidence in her​ team's ability to execute because they have many years of combined experience and are highly motivated to produce​ top-notch work. According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), which leadership style would be most appropriate for Sarah to​ demonstrate?

Delegating

When​ Sam, a production supervisor spoke to the human resources manager about transferring to the new production​ facility, he was involved in which type of organizational​ communication?

Diagonal

Mr. Slabaugh wants to formulate a plan that lays out general guidelines for his employees and leaves room for interpretation. Which one of the following types of plans would best suit his​ requirement?

Directional

Which of the following is the second step of the strategic management​ process?

Doing an external analysis

Jake is in the process of developing a strategic plan for his organization. He has just completed an analysis of the​ firm's resources and capabilities and has identified its strengths and weaknesses. According to the​ six-step strategic management​ process, which step has Jake​ performed?

Doing an internal analysis

Which technique of reducing resistance to change involves helping employees see the logic of the change​ effort?

Education and communication

Meghan has always been a​ "nervous Nellie." She worries constantly about seemingly everything and is almost always tense and upset. Which personality dimension of the Big Five Model does this​ illustrate?

Emotional stability

Which of the following is an important motivational tool entrepreneurs can​ use?

Employee empowerment

Which of these issues is NOT a contemporary control​ issue?

Employee performance

Which of the following groups would be considered to be an internal stakeholder of an​ organization?

Employees

​Darma, a​ 56-year-old female, believes she has a cause of action against her employer because she is being paid less than a male worker who performs the same work. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this​ scenario?

Equal Pay Act

Which theory of motivation proposes that employees compare what they get out of their jobs in relation to what they put into it and then determine if that is fair based on a comparison with​ others?

Equity theory

In​ Rob's position at Medco​ Pharmaceuticals, he is responsible for making​ organization-wide decisions and establishing organizational goals. Which of the following is most likely​ Rob's title at​ Medco?

Executive vice president

What is the first step in the entrepreneurial​ process?

Exploring the entrepreneurial context

Yumi is an​ outgoing, high-energy​ person, and her friends often describe her as the​ "life of the​ party." According to the Big Five​ Model, which personality trait would this​ describe?

Extraversion

Although the merger between Gray Enterprises and Horack Manufacturing is expected to be a​ "win-win" that will increase both​ companies' market share and save​ jobs, employees are fearful because they​ don't know what to expect. Which technique would be most useful in overcoming their resistance to​ change?

Facilitation and support

​Aleena's mother is seriously ill in another​ state, and Aleena has requested leave from her employer to care for her mother. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this​ scenario?

Family and Medical Leave Act

According to the job characteristics​ model, which core job dimension directly contributes to the critical psychological state of knowledge of the actual results of the work​ activities?

Feedback

Which one of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational​ performance?

Formal planning is associated with positive financial results.

Which of the following products would likely be produced using process​ production?

Gasoline

Which of the following generational cohorts is the fastest growing segment of the​ workforce?

Gen Yers

Which of the following is true concerning the​ planning-performance relationship?

Generally​ speaking, formal planning is associated with positive financial results.

The ABC retail company groups activities around its East​ Coast, West​ Coast, and Midwest locations. Which type of departmentalization is the company​ using?

Geographical

Justina is completing a performance appraisal for one of her subordinates. She must rank the employee on a scale of 1 to 5 in multiple categories such as quantity of​ work, quality of​ work, knowledge,​ attitude, dependability, and cooperation. What performance appraisal method is being​ used?

Graphic rating scale

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the challenges of managing​ cross-cultural motivation?

Group work is likely to be more motivating when the​ country's culture scores low on the nurturing criterion.

In an organic​ organization, which of the following would you most likely​ see?

High degree of decentralization

Which of the following​ racial/ethnic groups in the United States is expected to experience the highest growth rate through​ 2050?

Hispanic

Which of the following was the primary focus of leadership behavior​ theories?

How leaders interacted with their subordinates

Which view of conflict suggests that conflict is a natural occurrence in all groups and organizations and may actually enhance a​ group's performance?

Human relations view of conflict

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE program refers to the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being​ fair, altruistic,​ generous, and​ caring?

Humane orientation

An organization that wants to comply with​ ________ requirements must develop a total management system for meeting environmental challenges.

ISO 14000

A sales manager wants to establish a goal that will result in maximum motivation and superior performance for his sales staff. Which of the following would be the most effective​ goal?

Increase sales by​ 10% during the next quarter.

Which of these components is NOT one of the four ingredients common to MBO​ programs?

Individual goals set by middle managers

The success of eBay as an online intermediary between buyers and sellers to connect people​ (versus selling them​ things) is an example of which of​ Drucker's sources of​ opportunity?

Industry and market structures

​________ is/are pressures created by other employees.

Interpersonal demands

Karl tends to be an imaginative​ "big picture" person. He trusts his hunches and likes to look at possibilities rather than mundane details. Which MBTI dimension or orientation does this​ describe?

Intuition

Which of the following describes a feasibility​ study?

It can serve as a basis for a business plan.

Which of the following defines an entrepreneurial​ venture?

It pursues​ opportunities, is characterized by innovative​ practices, and has growth and profitability as its main goal.

Jacinta picked up a prescription from the pharmacy and was confused by the instructions that​ stated, "Take two tablets PO​ BID." It​ wasn't until she questioned the pharmacist that she learned it means to take two pills by mouth twice a day. This is an example of which barrier to​ communication?

Jargon

​__________ occurs when two or more people split a​ full-time job.

Job sharing

​______________ occurs when two or more people split the responsibilities and duties of one position or job.

Job sharing

Joe Friday on the old TV show Dragnet was famous for the​ line, "Just the​ facts, ma'am." This line would best describe which MBTI dimension or​ orientation?

Judging

Which of the following is NOT a typical way to build trusting​ relationships?

Keep company information from others so as they do not worry.

Which of these is NOT a way to be seen as trustworthy in your​ organizations?

Keep your distance from those​ you're leading.

Martina has decided to structure her new business venture to provide liability protection while gaining tax benefits over alternative structures. Her attorney has prepared the operating agreement and advised her of the complexities and expense of setting up this structure. Which of the basic types of ownership has Martina​ chosen?

LLC

The concept of​ "in-groups" and​ "out-groups" is an integral part of which leadership​ theory?

Leader-member exchange​(LMX) theory

Brite Plating​ doesn't dump contaminated water from its electroplating process into the storm sewers because it is legally required to refrain from doing this. According to the​ "four shades of​ green" approach to addressing the​ environment, which approach is the firm​ using?

Legal

Which of these exit options involves shutting down the business and selling the​ assets?

Liquidation

​________ ratios are indications of an​ organization's ability to pay its​ short-term debts.

Liquidity

Jadon​ doesn't believe that​ "luck happens." He believes that you make your own luck in life. Which personality trait does this​ describe?

Locus of control

Tyrone has a plaque on the wall of his office that​ reads, "I am the master of my​ destiny." Which of the following does this plaque best​ illustrate?

Locus of control

Which subordinate contingency factor identified by the​ path-goal theory describes the degree to which followers believe that they are the masters of their​ fates?

Locus of control

Hobart is at the point in his new venture that he needs to hire more people. He comes to you for advice on the type of candidate he should seek. You tell​ him, "________."

Look for people who are exceptionally capable and fit well with the entrepreneurial culture

In order to get the edge in being promoted to a higher level management​ position, Ted spread a false rumor about a colleague. He figured that ultimately he was better for the​ job, and he was merely helping the company make the​ "right" decision. Which personality trait does this​ demonstrate?

Machiavellianism

Which of the following statements is most likely true about the work that managers​ do?

Managerial duties may be assigned to a team member who does not hold the title of manager.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the process of​ control?

Managers do not need to control whether their units are performing as planned.

To meet the growing demands of its​ customers, a local fast food restaurant changes its packaging so that it uses less​ non-biodegradable materials. According to the​ "four shades of​ green" approach to addressing the​ environment, which approach is the restaurant​ using?

Market

Joan is a manufacturing engineer who works on a new product development team along with members from​ design, engineering,​ production, purchasing,​ finance, marketing, and quality assurance. Joan still has responsibilities to the Manager of Manufacturing​ Engineering, but simultaneously reports to the new product development team leader. What type of organizational design does this​ describe?

Matrix structure

Which of the following is the first step in the control​ process?

Measuring actual performance

Which one of the following is true about motivating unique groups of​ workers?

Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals.

When Lucinda interviewed a job candidate who was from​ Japan, she was disconcerted by his lack of eye​ contact, unaware that many Japanese are uncomfortable with direct eye contact. This demonstrates which barrier to effective​ communication?

National culture

Gannon Enterprises is in the midst of a major strategic change. To lessen resistance from some of the senior managers who are opposed to the​ change, the company has offered early retirements so that the managers can avoid having to experience the change effort. Which technique for reducing resistance to change does this best​ describe?

Negotiation

Which of the following perceptions regarding older workers is generally​ true?

Older workers are more stable and have lower rates of avoidable absences.

​Russ, a senior manager in an engineering​ firm, strongly believes that a manager decides his​ organization's future and has a plaque on his wall that​ reads, "I am the master of my​ fate." What view of management does this​ reflect?

Omnipotent

What time frame does a​ short-term plan​ cover?

One year or less

Which leadership style identified by situational leadership theory​ (SLT) is characterized by a low level of task behavior and a high level of relationship​ behavior?

Participating

​Ruth, a financial​ consultant, determines her​ client's leverage ratio to be very high. What suggestion could Ruth give to help the firm reduce its leverage​ ratio?

Pay back part of its debts to improve the ratio.

​Statco, Inc., has struggled to meet projected revenues for each of the past ten quarters. The firm hired Mark Adams to design a control system and offer suggestions to improve the​ firm's performance. Which one of the following is a key activity that the proposed control system should​ perform?

Performance measurement

Alicia is determined to finish her research paper. If that means she has to put in some late nights over the next few​ weeks, she is willing to do so because​ she's not going to give up after all the work she has already put into the paper. This willingness to continue on with the project represents which element of​ motivation?

Persistence

Which of these areas does NOT represent a potential problem that entrepreneurs should develop controls to​ address?

Physical structure

Which of these dimensions is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of organizational​ culture?

Political skill

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, which contingency dimension identifies the extent to which the leader has the authority to​ reward, discipline,​ hire, and/or fire​ subordinates?

Position power

Which of the following best describes legitimate​ power?

Power possessed by an individual because of his or her position in the organization

In which level of moral development do individuals define moral values apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or society in​ general?

Principled

In which type of organizational development​ (OD) does an outside consultant help the manager understand how interpersonal processes affect the way work is​ done?

Process consultation

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a valid reason for a company to be socially​ responsible?

Pursuing social goals dilutes the​ business's primary purpose of economic productivity.

​Shawn's landscape company has grown significantly over the past year. Most of his workers are inexperienced and unsure of what they are expected to​ do, but eager to learn. According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), at what stage of follower readiness are these​ workers?

R2

Which is the last step of Kurt​ Lewin's change process​ model?

Refreezing

Which of the following is NOT one of the six key elements of organizational​ design?

Regulation

​________ is the extent to which a selection tool produces consistent results over time.

Reliability

Which of the following corporate strategies would be used by an organization to address declining​ performance?

Renewal strategy

Samira wants to stay on her​ boss's good side because​ it's almost time for her annual performance review and merit pay increase. What form of power does​ Samira's boss​ possess?

Reward power

Job​ security, health insurance​ benefits, and seniority pay would serve to fulfill which level of needs in​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs?

Safety

Which of the following was NOT presented as a way to become a better​ communicator?

Sharpen data processing skills

​What's most important to Sandra in life​ isn't money or​ status; it's being able to interact with people and have friends and family. Which level of needs would this represent in​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs?

Social

An employee comes to work on time every day only because he knows that his pay will be docked if he is caught coming in late.​ However, when he knows his boss will be gone that​ day, he's frequently late. What stage of moral development does this​ represent?

Stage 1

You choose not to get drunk at a party because you know your friends will think less of you and that would make you feel badly about yourself. What stage of moral development does this​ represent?

Stage 3

The nondiscrimination policy of a university is an example of which type of​ plan?

Standing plan

A strategic business unit​ (SBU) of a major corporation has entered a​ new, high volume industry and has quickly captured a significant share of the market. According to the BCG​ (Boston Consulting​ Group) matrix, how would this SBU be​ categorized?

Star

UPS conducts a random check of mileage for each of its delivery vehicles and compares how many miles a truck was driven versus the number of miles calculated for the​ driver's route to determine if there is significant variation between the two. What step of the control process does this​ represent?

Step 2

Nelco Company has developed a​ long-range plan that charts a direction and sets goals for the​ company's future growth. What type of plan has Nelco​ developed?

Strategic

Which one of the following arguments on social responsibility states that businesses should address social problems before they become serious and costly to​ correct?

Superiority of prevention over cures

Which of these is a current trend that helps employees with career​ development?

Support for lifetime learning

​Amira's job as the director of the humane shelter is exhausting and can be heartbreaking at​ times, but she loves her job because she knows that she makes a difference in the lives of thousands of homeless animals every year. Which dimension of the job characteristics model does this​ describe?

Task significance

According to the​ path-goal theory, under which of the following circumstances is a directive leadership style most​ appropriate?

Tasks are​ ambiguous, and subordinates are inexperienced.

According to​ research, which of the following is the single most important influence on an​ employee's decision to act ethically or​ unethically?

The behavior of managers

Which metaphor about organizational change assumes that change consists of occasional disruptions that must be dealt​ with, but then things can continue under the new changed​ situation?

The calm waters metaphor

Which of the following is NOT true of strategic​ management?

The economic viability of the​ organization's business model is seldom a factor in the strategic management process.

Turnover is high among new hires at​ Stewart's company. At one exit​ interview, Stewart asked the departing new hire why she was leaving so soon. Which one of the following statements is the most likely​ response?

The higher level employees repeatedly overemphasize the​ company's positive points while interviewing candidates.

Which of the following statements best describes moral development at the​ pre-conventional stage?

The individual views right vs. wrong in terms of the consequences of the action.

The creation of ATMs in the 1960s paved the way for​ today's online banking. According to Peter​ Drucker, the creation of ATMs is an example of which potential source of​ opportunity?

The process need

​"In jobs​ today, employees rely more and more on those around them for​ information, advice, and​ assistance." Which one of the following approaches to job design best reflects this​ statement?

The relational perspective of work design.

According to​ Herzberg's two-factor​ theory, which of the following would be considered a​ motivator?

The work itself

Which of the following defines high​ risk-takers?

They understand when to take risks and when to avoid them.

A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls​ in-house. From the​ supplier's perspective, which of​ Porter's five competitive forces does this​ represent?

Threat of new entrants

Which decruitment option is unlikely to reduce​ costs, but can reduce​ intra-organizational supply-demand imbalances

Transfers

Which of these managerial actions is a concurrent mechanism that should deter employee​ theft?

Treat employees with dignity and respect.

Increased environmental complexity and uncertainty make the​ manager's job even more important now than it was 20 or 30 years ago.

True

Which of the following is true about being seen as trustworthy by​ others?

Truth is an inherent part of integrity.

Caitlyn has always been a​ hard-driving, competitive person. She walks​ fast, talks​ fast, eats​ fast, and gets angry fast. Caitlyn would likely be described as exhibiting what type of​ personality?

Type A personality

​________ is the principle that no subordinate in an organization should report to more than one manager.

Unity of command

Which of these methods is commonly used as a valuation technique to determine a fair price for a​ firm?

Using a multiple of earnings from comparable businesses

The program chair in the business administration division is retiring at the end of the​ year, but Jana has no desire to apply for the position because she knows it would mean longer hours and more administrative work for not much more money. Which aspect of expectancy theory does this best​ describe?

Valence

Which of the following refers to the emphasis someone gives to words or phrases in order to convey​ meaning?

Verbal intonation

A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls​ in-house. What type of corporate strategy does this​ represent?

Vertical integration

Under which of the following circumstances would manipulation and​ co-optation be an appropriate technique for managing resistance to​ change?

When a powerful​ group's endorsement is needed

When would a fluid or flexible organizational structure be most​ appropriate?

When innovation is critical to the​ organization's competitive advantage

During which stage in the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services would concurrent control be​ used?

When production is being carried out

When Jason applied for a job as a heating and air conditioning​ technician, he was given a malfunctioning compressor and was asked to diagnose the problem. What type of selection tool does this​ represent?

Work sampling

At a​ delicatessen, one employee greets patrons and takes their orders. Another employee assembles the sandwiches. A third employee wraps the sandwiches and operates the cash register. Which element of organizational design does this​ illustrate?

Work specialization

When Sarah started at the restaurant as a​ waitress, her boss spent the morning introducing her to​ coworkers, explaining the menu to​ her, and familiarizing her with the​ restaurant's procedures for waiting on customers. What type of training did Sarah​ receive?

Work unit orientation

Emerson Enterprises has made a decision to close its manufacturing facility in​ LaVerna, Alabama, and move operations to Mexico to take advantage of lower labor costs. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this​ scenario?

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Human resources issued a written workplace romance policy that forbids personal relationships between employees of significantly different rank within the organization. This was issued prior to any dating relationships in the organization. This policy is an example of​ ________.

a feedforward control

​"He could do it if he wanted to. He just​ doesn't like that part of his​ job, that's​ all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates​ ________.

a fundamental attribution error

Most research focusing on social responsibility and a​ firm's economic performance shows​ ________ relationship exists.

a small positive

Once each​ quarter, Bill holds an​ all-employee meeting in the cafeteria to keep them apprised of business​ results, let them know of planned changes in the​ industry, and answer questions. This is an example of​ ________.

a town hall meeting

Caitlyn has been a member of the annual auction committee for the humane​ shelter, but the auction has ended and the team is​ disbanding, at least until next year. This illustrates the​ ________ stage of group development.

adjourning

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. He becomes upset when a coworker lights a cigarette after their lunch together. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude.

affective

​Gabriela, a university​ professor, likes to conduct research and publish articles in her field of​ expertise, but what she enjoys most is her time in the​ classroom, interacting with her students. She especially relishes the​ one-on-one time that she has with students during academic advising. According to the​ three-needs theory, Gabriela has a high need for​ ________.

affiliation

The universality of management means that​ ________.

all managers in all organizations perform the four management functions

Whenever DAC opens a new sales office in another​ country, it transfers a manager from headquarters to head up the new​ office, believing that foreign managers lack the expertise and skills to make the best decisions for the operation. This reflects​ ________.

an ethnocentric attitude

Many​ start-ups today​ ________.

are integrating​ revenue-generating and philanthropy

In identifying personality characteristics of​ entrepreneurs, it is likely that entrepreneurs​ ________.

are more proactive

The rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and to expect them to do it is known as​ ________.

authority

Gina is known to run a tight ship in her department. She sets very strict rules of conduct and expects everyone to follow them perfectly. No one in the department doubts that she is in complete charge at all times. According to the University of Iowa​ studies, Gina has​ a(n) ________ style.

autocratic

All of the following would be important elements of management by objectives​ (MBO) EXCEPT the​ ________.

autonomous establishment of specific objectives by department members

Ridership on the​ city's public transportation buses has fallen for three weeks in a row. This is​ ________.

a​ condition, but we need more information to determine whether it is a problem or a symptom

Following a customer​ complaint, Bigly Mfg. formed a problem solving team to find out why the system was producing unacceptable parts and make a recommendation to fix it. This is an example of​ ________ corrective action.

basic

Elena has been absent without excuse twice during the past month.​ Elena's manager meets with Elena to determine the reason for her poor attendance. This is an example of​ ________.

basic corrective action

Entrepreneurs tend to​ ________.

be able to manage​ high-risk situations

Operant conditioning argues that​ ________.

behavior is a function of its consequences

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. When a coworker lights a cigarette after​ lunch, he asks her to put out the cigarette because he​ doesn't want to be exposed to​ second-hand smoke. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude.

behavioral

Back2Work succeeded because it offered personalized assistance to its clients—people who had lost jobs—beginning with having a live person answer every phone call. When management proposed an automated answering service with a directory tree​ ("Press 1 for a company​ directory", for​ example), Cathy was concerned the company would lose customers.​ Cathy's resistance stemmed from her​ ___________.

belief that the change was incompatible with the goals and interests of the organization.

The process of determining who is the​ best, who sets the​ standards, and what those standards​ are, is known as​ ________.

benchmarking

Some plans apply to the entire​ organization, whereas other plans encompass only a functional area. This illustrates how plans differ in terms of their​ ________.

breadth

A leader is defined as someone who​ ________.

can influence others and who has managerial authority

Harness​ International, a global wiring harness​ company, allows each customer to access its engineering drawings on the​ company's extranet, speeding up the design process for every project. Harness would consider this to be​ a(n) ________.

capability

The president of​ Adam's company rules with an iron fist. All decisions must first be approved by the​ president, regardless of how small or insignificant they are. This suggests that there is a high degree of​ ________ within the company.

centralization

A person who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process is referred to as​ a(n) ________.

change agent

The​ ________ view of social responsibility holds that a​ firm's first and only obligation is to maximize profits for its shareholders.

classical

The manager who​ says, "Do it my way or hit the​ highway" is exercising​ ________ power.

coercive

Attitudes are composed of three​ components: ________,​ affect, and behavior.

cognition

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude.

cognitive

Tanya is opposed to drinking​ alcohol, but she has been offered a lucrative job with a beer company. She is tempted to take the job because the pay is nearly double what she is currently​ earning, but she feels hypocritical. Tanya is experiencing​ ________.

cognitive dissonance

An organization that grows using​ ________ expands by focusing on its primary line of business and increasing the number of products offered or markets served in its primary business.

concentration

An organization that grows using​ ________ focuses on its primary line of business and increases the number of products offered or markets served in this primary business.

concentration

The vertical axis of the managerial grid measures​ ________, whereas the horizontal axis measures​ ________.

concern for​ people; concern for production

Management by walking around is a​ ________ control.

concurrent

In response to some recent customer complaints about poor​ service, Francesca prepares a training presentation and manual for customer service representatives that outlines expected behaviors and the consequences of infractions. This best demonstrates the​ ________ function of communication.

control

An entrepreneur has decided to structure her business as a distinct legal entity with its own charter. She wants to be sure the business entity is separate from herself as owner and separate from her managers. Which of the basic types of ownership has she​ chosen?

corporation

RGH Enterprises is able to produce a wide line of garden tools and sells a high​ volume, and thus can capitalize on economies of scale and charge lower prices than its competitors. RGH Enterprises is using the​ ________ strategy.

cost leadership

The impact of IT on the work environment has​ ________.

created an opportunity for a​ 24/7 environment

The balanced scorecard approach provides top management with a comprehensive view of organizational performance via four​ indicators: people/innovation/growth​ assets, financial, internal​ processes, and​ ________.

customers

The process of combining tasks in order to form complete jobs is referred to as job​ ________.

design

Elena has been absent without excuse twice during the past month. Her manager calls her into his office and issues a written​ warning, advising her that another unexcused absence will result in immediate termination. This is an example of​ ________.

disciplinary action

The Gallup organization has conducted polls identifying large percentages of employees who are sleepwalking through their workday and are not passionate about their work. These employees are referred to as​ ________.

disengaged workers

A small IT firm that is challenging larger competitors and changing the​ industry's rules of the game is engaged in​ ________.

disruptive innovation

The aspect of attribution in which we determine if the behavior exhibited by a person is unusual is referred to as​ ________.

distinctiveness

Anika is disturbed to learn that she is only receiving a​ 2% merit pay increase when her cubicle mate is receiving​ 3%. She most likely believes that​ ________ justice has not been achieved in giving out raises.

distributive

An automobile manufacturer has four distinct business units-one for each of its major brands. Each of these units is headed up by a senior manager who has authority over that brand and is responsible for performance. Based on​ this, it can be assumed that the company has a​ ________ structure.

divisional

In Kurt​ Lewin's three-step change​ process, organizations are pushed toward change by​ ________.

driving forces

Social obligation is the obligation of a business to meet its​ ________.

economic and legal responsibilities

Two personality variables have been found to influence an​ individual's actions according to his or her beliefs about what is right or​ wrong: locus of control and​ ________.

ego strength

Disciplinary action is helpful to the organization because​ ________.

employees know what to do to correct their undesirable behavior

Adding tasks to an existing job is referred to as job​ ________.

enlargement

Carmen is a receptionist at a medical practice. She checks patients in for their​ appointments, schedules new​ appointments, and calls patients to remind them of their appointments. Her job has been redesigned so that she can now accept payments from patients and issue receipts. This change would best describe job​ ________.

enlargement

Jamal is a member service representative at a credit union. Until​ recently, his job consisted of handling​ members' deposits and withdrawals. He can now sell certificates of​ deposit, advise customers on the types and terms of available​ loans, and assist them with completing loan applications—functions that were previously done by his team leader. This type of job design option would best be described as job​ ________.

enrichment

Cisco created an interactive program that presents employees with different scenarios about sales​ practices, procurement​ issues, and other common dilemmas. Similar to ​America's Got Talent​, the scenarios are evaluated by​ "judges" and employees are asked to​ vote, making judgment calls on each situation. Each episode ends with the Cisco compliance officer providing the answer and an explanation. This is an example of​ ________.

ethics training

The law of comparative advantage supports the​ ________ argument regarding international trade and globalization.

every country wins

Bao is confident​ that, if he puts in a few late nights at the​ library, he'll be able to complete his research paper on time. In terms of expectancy​ theory, this is an example of​ ________.

expectancy

Every morning before the start of the​ shift, Tom and his automotive service team at a large auto dealership have a​ five-minute "stand-up" meeting to make sure everyone knows which vehicles are scheduled for service and approximately how long each service appointment should​ last, and to identify any potential trouble spots. This would best be described as​ ________.

feedforward control

​Barbara's Bridals does not want to be​ "all things to all​ people." The company serves a niche market of​ plus-sized brides who want to purchase​ high-end, designer wedding gowns.​ Barbara's Bridals is pursuing a​ ________ strategy.

focus

Early research on leadership traits​ ________.

focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders

The stage of group development that involves getting oriented and acquainted is referred to as the​ ________ stage.

forming

A​ ________ is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector.

free market economy

A​ small, private college groups employees together by the work​ specialty, such as academic​ affairs, financial​ aid, food​ service, and campus security. This college appears to have a​ ________ structure.

functional

Competitive intelligence refers to​ ______________.

gathering information about competitors to help you anticipate their actions

Critics of the WTO claim that​ ________.

global trade destroys jobs and the natural environment

The CEO of a relatively small company needs to deliver some important information to employees about a proposed merger. He believes​ it's critical that everyone have the ability to communicate at the same time and in the same space so that he can address concerns and answer questions. Which of the following methods would be most​ appropriate?

group meeting

Colette leaned over to her colleague during a committee meeting and​ whispered, "I​ don't agree with this​ approach." Her colleague simply​ replied, "Don't make waves. If you say something​ now, we'll be here for another two hours. Just go along with​ it." This is an example of​ ________.

groupthink

An​ entrepreneur's decision to exit the venture may be based on the fact that he or she hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the venture. This is known as​ ________.

harvesting

A work team​ ________.

has shared leadership roles

Some firms use social media as a way to gain competitive advantage. For a social media strategy to be​ effective, it must​ ________.

help people connect and reduce costs​ and/or increase revenues

Despite reassurances from​ R&D's internal testing​ lab, Stephen believes the new material for climbing ropes should not be used in their manufacture until it has been certified by an independent lab. It would appear that Stephen has​ ________.

high ego strength

In a familiar​ children's book​, a little locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a steep mountain. The​ "little engine," as he was​ called, kept telling himself​ "I think I can. I think I​ can." The little engine was​ ________.

high in​ self-efficacy

A recent study shows that​ 71% of CEOs believe the key source of their​ firm's sustained economic value stems from​ ________.

human capital

The employees at KLM Company are complaining that the supervisors tend to pick favorites within their departments. Company policies are not equally enforced and the favorites are not disciplined for safety violations. These employees are complaining about​ ________.

hygiene factors

The first three activities of the human resource management process involve​ ________.

identifying and selecting competent employees

A stamping machine begins turning out components that are out of tolerance. The manager removes the machine from service to ensure that more defective components are not produced and notifies maintenance to repair the machine. This is an example of​ ________.

immediate corrective action

An idea champion is best described as an​ ________.

individual who actively and enthusiastically supports new​ ideas, builds​ support, overcomes​ resistance, and ensures that innovations are implemented

Before Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor​ collaborated, automobiles were built by​ craftsmen, one at a time. After the establishment of the assembly​ line, Ford was able to produce automobiles faster than his competitors. but with equivalent quality. and sell them for a fraction of the cost. Ford saw opportunity in​ ________.

industry structure

While Hong is on the phone with a​ supplier, she hears the chimes of her​ e-mail, alerting her to a message. While she is scanning the​ message, a colleague knocks on her door and tells her​ she's late for the staff meeting. At the same​ moment, she gets a text message from her husband. This scenario best illustrates the barrier to communication referred to as​ ________.

information overload

The focus of​ ________ is to minimize or eliminate dysfunctional conflict that exists between groups by changing the​ attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have about each other.

intergroup development

All of the following are elements of the interpersonal communication process EXCEPT​ ________.

jargon

Professionals are likely to be more motivated by​ ________.

job challenge

The​ ________ for a human resources manager indicates that the individual must have a minimum of 5 years of experience in human​ resources, experience supervising and managing a professional​ staff, a​ bachelor's degree in human resources or​ management, proficiency in organizational​ development, and familiarity with HRIS and Microsoft Office.

job specification

The sales manager meets with the accounting manager in order to clarify aspects of the sales compensation program. This meeting is an example of​ ________ communication.

lateral

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, the three contingency dimensions that define situational control are​ ________.

leader-member ​relations, task​ structure, and position power

EPA regulations permit the release of 150 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air every 24 hours from paint shops.​ Utilimotors, a utility truck​ maker, monitors its emissions so it releases between 140 and 150 micrograms. Which approach of green management does Utilimotors​ use?

legal approach

Geneva needs additional capital to launch her business but does not want to share management responsibility with partners. Neither does she want to pay the high taxes often assessed on businesses. Her best option may be​ a(n) ________.

limited liability partnership

At Nicoh​ Enterprises, assembly line workers​ half-jokingly call shift leader Madeline the​ "firefighter." She can always be found on the​ floor, talking with the​ workers, solving​ problems, or just observing. This is best described as​ ________.

management by walking around

At​ Mark's company, the policy and procedures manual is two inches thick and seemingly covers every single aspect of work in great detail. He has even jokingly​ said, "If the company wanted you to have a​ family, it would probably be in the procedures​ manual." Based on​ this, it would appear that Mark works for​ a(n) ________ organization.

mechanistic

In​ a(n) ________​ organization, authority is centralized and rules are clearly specified.

mechanistic

Custom Leather CEO Standish is considering doubling the size of his workforce in conjunction with expanding the number of retail outlets that carry Custom Leather products. He should expect the organization to become​ ________ as a result of this change.

more mechanistic

During an economic​ recession, ________.

more qualified candidates are available to fill fewer open positions

Leaders of virtual teams​ _____________.

need the ability to communicate support and leadership through writing

Drew is distracted from the​ professor's lecture because his girlfriend keeps sending him text messages about their weekend plans. This is an example of​ ________ in the communication process.

noise

​Frank's team went through some early conflict when people were trying to sort out their​ roles, but they are beginning to develop some camaraderie with one another.​ Frank's team is in the​ ________ stage of group development.

norming

Barnes Plating pays employees minimum wage and offers only those employee benefits that it is legally mandated to provide. This is an example of social​ ________.

obligation

Most US companies monitor​ employees' ____________.

office Internet use

The argument that behavior is a function of its consequences is reflected in​ ________.

operant conditioning

Kendra is a marketing manager in an electronics firm. As​ such, she is responsible for development of the​ firm's marketing​ plan, which is a type of​ ________ plan.

operational

Many of Custom​ Leather's employees are experienced artisans. The jobs most of them perform are not highly standardized. They take great pride in their craft and require few formal rules and little direct supervision. These traits are most typical of​ a(n) ________ organization.

organic

Marianna voluntarily gives up her lunch hour to help her colleague who is struggling to finalize an important report. This is an example of​ ________.

organizational citizenship behavior

The measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are being met is referred to as​ ________.

organizational effectiveness

Productivity is defined as the formula of​ ________ divided by inputs for a specified period of time.

outputs

A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own eyes and perspectives is known as​ ________.

parochialism

​Andrea's team is​ "running on all​ cylinders." Members trust each other and are mutually committed to the​ team's goals. They not only appreciate each​ other's differences, but also are able to work together in such a way that they capitalize on those differences.​ Andrea's team appears to be in the​ ________ stage of team development.

performing

In comparison to large​ firms, entrepreneurs​ ________.

play a disproportionate role in commercializing new products

In order to make exchanges or returns at a clothing​ retailer, customer service representatives must follow an established series of​ steps, such as checking the​ receipt, inspecting the item for​ damage, and issuing a store credit. This is an example of​ a(n) ________.

procedure

A textile mill has separate departments for​ spinning, weaving,​ dying, and printing. The outputs of one department become the inputs for the next department. This describes departmentalization based upon​ ________.

process

Return on investment is an example of​ a(n) ________ ratio.

profitability

The office manager has to place another order for copy​ paper, so he checks the office supply​ company's website to see if either of his preferred brands is on sale before placing the order. This is an example of​ a(n) ________.

programmed decision

When a totally new​ product, such as laser discs years​ ago, is​ introduced, it would be considered a​ ________ according to the BCG matrix.

question mark

According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), the optimal combination of task and relationship behaviors depends on the​ ________ of followers to accomplish a specific task.

readiness

​Locating, identifying, and attracting qualified applicants is the HR process referred to as​ ________.

recruitment

The use of employee recognition programs as motivational tools is consistent with the​ ________ theory.

reinforcement

Consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated are referred to as​ ________.

reinforcers

HD Consulting is very involved in the local community. The firm sponsors a fundraiser to help the local humane​ shelter, and top managers donate a considerable amount of time as corporate​ mentors, helping new entrepreneurs get started so they can provide jobs in the community. As a​ result, HD has low employee​ turnover, loyal​ customers, and increasing revenue. This is an example of how social​ ________ can benefit a company in the long run.

responsibility

In response to the growing popularity of social media among​ at-risk youth, a software gaming company uses a variety of social media outlets to discourage gang and youth violence. This is an example of social​ ________.

responsiveness

JMY Technologies has experienced declining performance for the past six months.​ Top-level managers have determined that the problems are minor in nature and that a​ short-run renewal strategy is most appropriate. In order to stabilize​ operations, JMY will most likely implement a​ ________ strategy.

retrenchment

Jamie is frustrated with the group project in her management class. Her team​ hasn't met to figure out who will do which portion of the​ project, and no timelines have been established. This situation best illustrates​ ________.

role ambiguity

Laura is a new physician in a busy clinic. She wants to spend enough time with her patients to fully understand their health concerns.​ However, she is required to see 30 patients per​ day, so she can spend no more than 10-15 minutes with each one. Laura is frustrated and is experiencing​ ________.

role conflict

Sandy is very good at precise work. She does not tire of repetitive work as easily as some of the others.​ However, when faced with a new problem that requires an innovative​ solution, her performance is not satisfactory.​ Sandy's personality is likely to be classified as​ a(n) ________ type.

sensing

Jolene owns her own marketing design consulting business. There are only five​ employees, so the organization has a flat​ hierarchy, and Jolene retains full authority.​ Jolene's company would best be described as a​ ________ structure.

simple

When Steve Jobs created a separate and autonomous unit at Apple to develop the Macintosh​ computer, he was using​ ________.

skunk works

The final project in​ Brent's management class is a group research paper. He likes group work because he knows that even if he​ doesn't do much work on the​ paper, the other members will probably pick up the slack so that they​ don't get a bad grade. This is an example of​ ________.

social loafing

Johnson Brothers Manufacturing believes​ that, although making a profit is​ important, it also has an obligation to its​ customers, employees,​ suppliers, and society as a whole. This demonstrates the​ ________ view of social responsibility.

socioeconomic

In the​ beginning, all employees at​ Tom's Welding performed whatever task was needed. Now the employees have gravitated to specific sets of tasks. Some use only stick​ welders; some weld only on aluminum. We can infer that as his business has​ grown, it has become more​ ________.

specialized

She was the matriarch of the​ department, the most senior employee. She always sat immediately to the right of the manager in all department meetings. No one dared take her chair. That chair was a symbol of her​ ________.

status

It became clear that both Cathy and Simon felt they should lead the group. Other group members began aligning themselves with one or the other. This group is in the​ ________ stage.

storming

If Kelly were to consider enhancing productivity by giving greater authority to her subordinates and increasing​ formalization, she would be considering​ ________ changes.

structural

In one​ survey, the highest number of responses came from entrepreneurs who said their idea for a business came from​ ________.

sudden​ insight/chance

Brooke has decided that the appropriate leadership style would be to show friendliness and concern for the needs of her subordinates. According to the​ path-goal model, she wishes to be​ a(n) ________ leader.

supportive

Frank noticed that Anna missed making their monthly sales quotas at a large auto dealer. He thinks this happened because she lacks basic people​ skills, not because a competing dealership is offering attractive sales rebates. This is an example of​ ________.

the fundamental attribution error

Raymond sent a text message to a​ colleague, telling him that​ he'd heard there was going to be a layoff the next month. His colleague quickly told his cubicle​ mate, who shared the information with a friend in the quality department. This is an example of​ ________.

the grapevine

One of the most common causes of new business failure is​ ______________.

the inability of the founder to effectively lead

The formal arrangement of jobs within an organization is known as​ ________.

the organizational structure

UPS calculates that a driver will drive approximately 140 miles on an assigned route.​ However, recognizing that the driver may have to make changes due to​ traffic, road​ construction, or​ detours, mileage will not be flagged for further investigation if it is not less than 120 miles nor more than 160 miles. This is an example of​ ________.

the range of variation

You are planting seeds in a vegetable garden. According to the instructions on the seed​ packet, the seeds should be placed​ 12" apart.​ However, you would be content if the seeds were within an inch of that measurement on either end​ (i.e., between​ 11" and​ 13" apart). This is an example of​ ________.

the range of variation

The interpersonal communication process begins with​ ________.

the sender

The fact that managers are needed in all types and sizes of​ organizations, at all organizational levels and work​ areas, and in all global locations is known as​ ________.

the universality of management

The metaphor about organizational change that assumes that change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process is known as​ ________.

the​ white-water rapids metaphor

One of GTO​ Industries' key suppliers is in the midst of a labor dispute and workers have gone on strike. In terms of an​ internal/external analysis, this would be an example of​ a(n) ________.

threat

The commitment concept relates to the​ ________ of plans.

time frame

After meeting with the general manager of a large automotive dealership and being apprised of the​ dealership's objectives for growth and revenue during the coming fiscal​ year, Jon, the sales​ manager, establishes the overall sales objectives for the​ organization, including sales quotas for each of his salespeople. This is an example of​ ________.

traditional objective setting

A leader who focuses on clarifying​ employees' roles and task expectations and then provides rewards​ and/or punishments based upon their performance would be described as a​ ________ leader.

transactional

Walt Disney​ said, "If you can dream​ it, you can do​ it." This quote best describes​ ________ leadership.

transformational

A​ ________ is a multinational company that has a global scope and does not consider any particular country as its​ base, home, or headquarters.

transnational organization

In an uncertain​ environment, managers should develop plans that are​ specific, but flexible.

true

Communication is the transfer and​ ________ of meaning.

understanding

Managers today understand that their primary focus should be on​ ________.

understanding and meeting customer needs

If you are someone that often leaks personal confidences or cannot be depended​ on, you may be perceived as​ ________.

untrustworthy

The​ ________ of a selection tool refers to how accurately it predicts or forecasts what it is meant to predict.

validity

Basic convictions about what is right and what is wrong are referred to as​ ________.

values

Heather discovered that her boss was falsifying reports to the EPA about the release of harmful chemicals into the​ community's water supply. She confronted her​ boss, who told her to mind her own business. She then contacted the EPA and reported what she had learned. Heather would be described as​ a(n) ________.

whistleblower

In terms of how many employees a manager can effectively and efficiently​ manage, the trend in recent years has been toward​ ________.

wider spans of control

A group of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel is known as a​ ________.

work council

Which performance appraisal method solicits performance feedback from multiple persons with whom the employee interacts on a regular​ basis, such as​ peers, subordinates,​ customers, and​ supervisors?

​360-degree appraisal​

Which of the following were identified by David McClelland as acquired needs that are major motives in​ work?

​Achievement, power, and affiliation

Bixler Corporation boasts that it has the fewest warranty claims in its industry. We can infer from this that​ ________.

​Bixler's quality is a competitive advantage

​________ communication flows from a manager to his or her​ employees, whereas​ ________ communication flows from the employees to management.

​Downward; upward

Colin has always had an​ open-door policy with his staff. They consider him a friend and know that they can come to him with any problem they​ have, personal or​ work-related. Colin is unfailingly supportive and will advocate for them with upper management when needed. According to the University of Michigan​ studies, what type of leadership behavior does Colin​ demonstrate?

​Employee-oriented

​Sun-Li called her staff into her office and​ announced, "I'm thrilled to announce that​ we've been awarded the Cinocoh account.​ I'm here if you need​ me, but I want you to take this ball and run with it. You guys know what to do and how to do​ it, and I have complete faith in your judgment and​ abilities." According to the University of Iowa​ studies, what type of leadership style has​ Sun-Li exhibited?

​Laissez-faire

Which type of behaviors accounts for most of the differences in both employee commitment and job​ performance?

​Relationship-oriented behaviors

​________ refers to an​ individual's belief that he or she is capable of successfully performing a task.

​Self-efficacy

​Overall, Luciana is pleased with herself. She perceives herself as a caring​ person, a good mother to her two​ children, and a​ trustworthy, dependable employee. This would describe which of​ Luciana's personality​ traits?

​Self-esteem

​_______ conflict focuses on what needs to be​ done, whereas​ _______ conflict focuses on how it gets done.

​Task; process

​________ leaders guide followers to accomplish established​ goals, whereas​ ________ leaders inspire followers to accomplish exceptional outcomes.

​Transactional; transformational

Ulysses has difficulty staying focused during​ conversations, especially long​ "speech" type comments from the speaker. This is likely because​ ________.

​Ulysses, like most​ listeners, can understand more words per minute than most talkers speak

Alec works on a new product development team at GTO Industries. His team is composed of members from​ engineering, quality,​ manufacturing, marketing,​ purchasing, and accounting. This describes a​ ________.

​cross-functional team

A job​ ________ describes the​ content, environment, and conditions of​ employment, whereas a job​ ________ states the minimum qualifications a person must possess to successfully perform the job.

​description; specification

A​ ________ plan sets forth general​ guidelines, whereas a​ ________ plan is clearly defined and leaves no room for interpretation.

​directional; specific

According to the​ path-goal theory,​ ________ contingency factors determine the type of leader behavior required in order to maximize​ outcomes; ________ contingency factors determine how the leader behavior is interpreted.

​environmental; subordinate

According to expectancy​ theory, an​ individual's motivation depends on three variables or​ relationships: ________.

​expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

The three approaches to control are​ ________.

​feedforward, concurrent, and feedback

According to the Boston Consulting Group​ (BCG) matrix, a question mark has​ ________ market share and​ ________ anticipated growth rate.

​low; high

Operational planning is usually conducted by​ ________.

​lower-level managers

The study of group behavior includes the study of​ ________.

​norms, roles, and leadership

Emotional intelligence​ (EI) involves a​ person's ability to​ ________ and​ ________ emotional cues and information.

​notice; manage

Feedback control is​ ________-oriented, whereas feedforward control is​ ________-oriented.

​past; future

One of the best ways to encourage ethical and honest behavior in an organization is to conduct​ ________.

​pre-employment integrity tests

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, a leader whose score placed them in Category VII or VIII on the​ least-preferred coworker​ (LPC) questionnaire would be described as having​ a(n) ________ leadership style.

​relationship-oriented

Alexis has developed an advertising campaign for a new toy her company is introducing in the​ fall, and the campaign will run through the Christmas holidays. This would be an example of a​ ________ plan.

​single-use

​A(n) ________ plan is designed to be used when the same situation occurs​ repeatedly, whereas a​ ________ plan is intended to meet the needs of a unique situation.

​standing; single-use

​Tayler's company has announced​ that, due to the poor​ economy, it will lay off​ 20% of the workforce by the end of the month. This announcement is the​ ________ that creates​ ________.

​stressor; stress

The two primary factors affecting an​ entrepreneur's choice of legal ownership for a venture are​ ________ and​ ________.

​taxes; legal liability

Which of the following managers is using big data in decision​ making?

A large retailer uses software to adjust prices in real time for more than 70 million items based on demand and inventory.

Apecs Electronics hires and promotes employees who are citizens of the host​ country, believing that the​ "locals" know best. Which global perspective does this​ reflect?

A polycentric attitude

Which U.S. law prohibits discrimination on the basis of​ age?

ADEA

The​ ________ is an organization of 189 member countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides​ advice, temporary​ loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability.

IMF

Andrew must buy a new office copier. He lists the features the copier must​ have, such as a​ built-in scanner, color​ copying, and an automatic document​ feeder, along with how much he can spend. Which step of the​ decision-making process does this​ represent?

Identifying decision criteria

Which of these pieces of legislation prohibits discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation​ (lesbian, gay,​ bisexual, and​ transgender) and gender​ identity?

LGBT Freedom Restoration Act

During which time period did the focus of workforce diversity shift to making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of​ others?

Late 1980s to late 1990s

To ensure goals are met and work is completed as it should​ be, managers monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance is compared with the set goals

Managers play an important role in the success of nontraditional organizations such as political campaigns and music tours.

Which one of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of​ exclusion?

Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that​ don't lead to promotion.

At Aspen​ Electronics, the parking spots nearest the front door are reserved for the​ "Employee of the​ Month." Which aspect of organizational culture does this​ represent?

Material artifacts and symbols

Which of the following statements regarding the workplace differences between men and women is​ true?

Men usually start their careers at higher levels than women.

Which of the following factors is a sociocultural component of an​ organization's external​ environment?

Over​ time, society has become more accepting of alternative lifestyles.

Which of the following represents one of the benefits of workforce diversity that directly contributes to organizational​ performance?

Reduced costs associated with high​ turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

Which​ decision-making bias refers to a decision​ maker's tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of​ events?

Representation bias

At Mary Kay​ Cosmetics, an annual awards ceremony is held where beauty consultants are dressed glamorously and received awards for sales goal achievements.. What element of organizational culture does this​ represent?

Rituals

Zappos has a monthly ceremony in which it recognizes a member of its development content team with a​ "Super Awesome Description​ Award." This is an example of which element of organizational​ culture?

Rituals

A sign in the college bookstore states that students can return a textbook only if it is still​ shrink-wrapped and returned within the first 10 days of the semester. This is an example of​ a(n) ________.

Rule

Which of the following best describes the activities that managers exhibit when serving interpersonal​ roles?

Serving as a figurehead or liaison

If Melody wanted to build a strong​ culture, which of these actions would help​ most?

She and other managers should often tell stories about the company​ "heroes" and encourage employees to emulate their behavior.

Which of the following is LEAST likely a key component of an​ organization's culture?

Socialization

Teresa is conducting market research to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product. She wants to determine the​ values, attitudes,​ lifestyles, and tastes of the target market. Which component of the external environment is Teresa​ assessing?

Sociocultural

​Laura, a​ doctor, was surprised to discover that many men in the small village in Mexico where she was volunteering refused to be seen by a female physician because the societal norm dictated that the physician should be a male. Which cultural dimension does this​ illustrate?

Gender differentiation

Bob believes that women should be the primary caregivers for children. It irritates him to see men changing diapers. This is an example of​ ________.

a bias

The view that managers are constrained by both the​ organization's culture and the​ organization's environment while still having some managerial discretion is​ ________.

a combination of symbolic and omnipotent

RVA Electronics has facilities worldwide. Instead of orienting itself toward either the host country or the home​ country, top managers select managers for assignments based on their skills and​ abilities, rather than their nationality or location. This reflects​ ________.

a geocentric attitude

Senior management at JMJ Manufacturing accept that there are differences and similarities between host country and home country personnel and practices and believe that they should use the practices that are most effective. This reflects​ ________.

a geocentric attitude

Whenever Gabriela needs to book a hotel room in an unfamiliar​ city, she always stays at a​ Marriott, because​ she's familiar with the brand. This is an example of​ ________.

a heuristic

The gap between an existing state and a desired state is referred to as​ ________.

a problem

Adjusting the height of a workstation to make it accessible to an employee in a wheelchair is an example of​ ________ in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

a reasonable accommodation

Cashiers at the supermarket are allowed to adjust the price of an item up to a maximum of​ $5.0 without getting the​ manager's approval. This would best be described as​ a(n) ________.

policy

After looking at several​ copiers, Andrew decides to buy one. He knows other models might be available​ elsewhere, but he​ doesn't have time to keep​ looking, and the one he is buying seems to meet his needs. This is an example of​ ________.

satisficing

The orientation program at a software company consists of a​ full-day session in which new employees are introduced to the​ company, its​ products, and its​ policies, and are assigned a senior employee who serves as their mentor. This process of helping new employees learn about and adapt to the​ organization's culture is known as​ ________.

socialization

Alyssa is convinced that all politicians are crooks and philanderers and care only about personal gain and getting​ re-elected. This is an example of​ ________.

stereotyping

According to the​ ________ view of​ management, managers have limited control and influence over the​ organization's success or failure.

symbolic

Managers who weigh their first impression of an applicant more heavily than information received later in the interview are experiencing​ ________.

the anchoring effect

Alberto is a manager who tends to think he knows more than he does. He is most likely exhibiting​ ________.

the overconfidence bias

By the year​ 2050, what percentage of Americans will be​ foreign-born?

​19%

By the year​ 2050, whites in the United States will comprise approximately what percentage of the overall​ population?

​47%

Which of the following groups was the most recent group to be protected from workplace discrimination by U.S. federal​ law?

​Lesbian, gay,​ bisexual, and transgender persons

​_______ is the biological heritage people use to identify​ themselves, whereas​ ________ is social traits shared by a population.

​Race; ethnicity

Which one of the following would be considered a multinational​ corporation?

​Sherri's Shipping transports manufactured goods between the U.S. and​ Asia, maintaining offices in both countries.

If you look​ around, you will likely see people with different skin​ colors, eye​ colors, and hair​ colors, as well as older people and younger people. What term best describes these​ differences?

​Surface-level diversity

Differences among employees in an organization in terms of their​ values, personality, and work preferences are known as​ ________.

​deep-level diversity

The decisions many managers make in​ today's business world typically involve​ ________.

​risk, incomplete​ information, and time pressure

​Brandi's Bakery has received its first major commercial​ order, and the owner needs to determine if she can fill this order on her own or if she needs to hire an employee. This is an example of​ ________.

an unstructured problem

Beth hired​ Tom, trained​ him, coached​ him, and expected he would be her eventual replacement when she moved up in the company. She noted each of his accomplishments with pride but wrote off as vicious gossip the comments from​ Tom's co-workers that he was making too many mistakes. Beth is experiencing the​ ________.

confirmation bias

The approach to decision making that involves soliciting input from a network of people outside of the organization is called​ ________.

crowdsourcing

Instead of identifying and evaluating alternatives with logic and deductive​ reasoning, a manager using​ ________ would try to envision and entertain new and innovative solutions to a problem.

design thinking

Dylan must choose among four candidates to fill his open accounting clerk position. If Dylan uses rational decision​ making, he will​ ________.

disregard the fact the one of the candidates is the​ owner's nephew

​Ellen's ability to produce the same amount of product with fewer personnel is a reflection of her​ ________.

efficiency

The cultural dimension that reflects the degree to which a society rewards and encourages behaviors such as​ planning, working for​ long-term success, and delaying gratification is referred to as​ ________.

future orientation

To improve your political skills at​ work, you should​ ________.

gain control of organizational resources

Given a choice between​ Jane, a​ 50-something internal​ candidate, and​ Jenny, a​ 20-something internal​ candidate, Joe selected Jane. Joe would probably say it was because​ ________.

he expected the quality of​ Jane's work would be better than​ Jenny's

Alicia is convinced that she can tell more about a job applicant in a​ 5-minute interview than through​ pre-employment tests or reference checks and insists that her gut instincts are never wrong. Alicia is using​ ________.

intuitive decision making

An ethnocentric attitude​ ________.

is the belief that the home country has the best work approaches and practices

Lockheed​ Martin's slogan​ is, "We never forget who​ we're working​ for." This is an example of how the company uses​ _______ to reinforce its organizational culture.

language

When Linda joined the company fresh out of graduate​ school, a senior manager in the company​ "took her under her​ wing" and spent considerable time giving her advice and coaching her on ways to capitalize on her strengths and get ahead in the organization. This is an example of​ ________.

mentoring

As the international operations of their firm continues to​ grow, Theodore and James have realized that decentralized management using foreign nationals to run operations in the host countries works best. Their firm has developed into a​ ________ organization.

multidomestic

The​ ________ view of management asserts that managers are directly responsible for the success​ and/or failure of an organization.

omnipotent

In​ reality, most managers have some control over performance but also​ __________.

operate within constraints

More people will buy ground beef advertised as​ "80% lean" instead of​ "20% fat," even though the meaning is the same. Which​ decision-making bias does this​ reflect?

Framing bias

​Bernard's company knows it must constantly create new products to stay ahead of the competition. Which of the following characteristics are we likely to find in this​ culture?

Freedom for employees to exercise discretion

Which of the following is more essential to higher level managers than to lower level​ managers?

Conceptual skills

Which of these correctly identifies the five key skills listed in the Employability Skills Matrix that hiring managers believe are most​ important?

Critical​ thinking, communication,​ collaboration, knowledge application and​ analysis, and social responsibility

In order to tailor a political​ candidate's message to the constituency in a particular​ area, her staff investigates the​ area's general​ age, race,​ gender, income, and family composition. What aspect of the external environment is the staff​ investigating?

Demographic

Andrew goes to the office supply store and talks to a sales​ representative, who shows him several copiers that can meet his needs. Which step of the​ decision-making process does this​ represent?

Developing alternatives

Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to disabled​ workers?

Disabled workers are often more dependable and conscientious.

When DAX Products wanted to expand and enter the Western European​ market, it established a small manufacturing facility and a sales office in Munich. What method of entering the global market did DAX​ use?

Foreign subsidiary

Which regional trading alliance was composed of the United​ States, Canada, and​ Mexico?

NAFTA

Which of these groups is typically NOT considered part of an​ organization's specific​ environment?

Stockholders

Which of the following is a true statement about the changing nature of modern​ management?

Taking​ risks, exploring new​ territories, and trying new methods are innovative tactics that management can use to be more successful in the marketplace.

Which statement is most likely true concerning the official activities and roles of senior​ managers?

The roles of​ disseminator, negotiator, and liaison are most important for senior managers.

Which of the following best describes the controlling function identified by Henri​ Fayol?

To ensure goals are met and work is completed as it should​ be, managers monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance is compared with the set goals

​________ are responsible for making​ organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.

Top managers

The​ ________, which evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade​ (GATT), is the only global organization that deals with trade rules among nations.

WTO

Which of the following is a global organization of more than 150 countries that deals with the rules of trade among​ nations?

WTO

Artificial intelligence relies on the availability of​ ________ to create algorithms that mimic the reasoning ability of the human mind.

big data


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