MGMT 371 Final Review
Approximately ________ percent of the U.S. workforce is represented by labor unions.
11
The average listener can comprehend about ________ per minute.
400
Which of the following managers has line authority?
A customer service manager establishes the work schedules of customer service representatives and can discipline them in accordance with the rules of the company.
Which of the following is the best example of customer departmentalization?
A textbook publisher with separate divisions for clients in higher education, professional continuing education, elementary education, and secondary education
Which term refers to efforts to improve the educational and/or employment opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race or gender?
Affirmative action
Which personality trait in the Big Five Model would reflect the degree to which an individual is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting?
Agreeableness
LaToya has developed a progressive form of hearing loss. To ensure that she is still able to perform the essential functions of her job, her employer was required to make a reasonable accommodation and equip her office telephone with a specialized headset. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this scenario?
Americans with Disabilities Act
Which of the following is considered a structural variable that positively impacts an organization's innovation?
An organic-type structure
Which core job dimension in the job characteristics model (JCM) describes the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining task procedures?
Autonomy
Because of its sheer size and the volume of products it purchases from its vendors, Walmart can dictate the prices it will pay. Which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent?
Bargaining power of buyers
An electronics firm develops a control for an appliance manufacturer, and its contract states that, if the appliance manufacturer terminates the contract early, it must reimburse the electronics firm for $2 million in development costs. Which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent?
Bargaining power of suppliers
When does feedforward control take place?
Before a work activity occurs
__________ refers to the concept that many managers lack the time and the ability to process all of the alternatives to solve a problem.
Bounded rationality
A strategic business unit (SBU) of a major corporation has high market share in its industry, but the growth rate of the industry is expected to be stagnant over the long run. According to the BCG matrix, how would this SBU be categorized?
Cash cow
Laura is a billing clerk in a medium-sized manufacturing company. She reports to the Supervisor of Accounts Payable, who in turn reports to the Manager of Accounting. The Manager of Accounting is accountable to the Chief Financial Officer, who reports to the company president. Which element of organizational design does this illustrate?
Chain of command
Which U.S. law prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
"My way or the highway" would best describe which technique to manage resistance to change?
Coercion
Which of the following would likely be considered an outcome in terms of equity theory?
Compensation
Which of these factors has the greatest influence on a group's effectiveness?
Complexity and interdependence
Pasta Pronto is planning to grow by adding a location and increasing its delivery radius. What type of strategy is Pasta Pronto using?
Concentration
Research has shown that important relationships exist between the personality dimensions identified by the Big Five Model and job performance. Which factor is the best predictor of job performance?
Conscientiousness
Chandra is a "people person" when it comes to managing her department. She seems to genuinely care about her subordinates' welfare and actively solicits their inputs in making decisions that affect them. According to the Ohio State studies, what type of leadership behavior does Chandra most likely demonstrate?
Consideration behavior
Reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations would best describe which dimension of trust?
Consistency
A manufacturer of luxury handbags and luggage does not hire any permanent employees in its distribution facilities. Workers are hired as temporary workers, subject to demand for their services. The company pays no Social Security, Medicare, or unemployment insurance taxes on these employees. Which term best describes this work arrangement?
Contingent workers
Linette Enterprises is a start-up company seeking financing. The loan officer is most concerned with whether the company has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. Which financial ratio should most likely be examined?
Current ratio
Which of the following describes the management function of planning?
Defining the organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities
Sarah's team has taken on a new project. She has a lot of confidence in her team's ability to execute because they have many years of combined experience and are highly motivated to produce top-notch work. According to situational leadership theory (SLT), which leadership style would be most appropriate for Sarah to demonstrate?
Delegating
When Sam, a production supervisor spoke to the human resources manager about transferring to the new production facility, he was involved in which type of organizational communication?
Diagonal
Mr. Slabaugh wants to formulate a plan that lays out general guidelines for his employees and leaves room for interpretation. Which one of the following types of plans would best suit his requirement?
Directional
Which of the following is the second step of the strategic management process?
Doing an external analysis
Jake is in the process of developing a strategic plan for his organization. He has just completed an analysis of the firm's resources and capabilities and has identified its strengths and weaknesses. According to the six-step strategic management process, which step has Jake performed?
Doing an internal analysis
Which technique of reducing resistance to change involves helping employees see the logic of the change effort?
Education and communication
Meghan has always been a "nervous Nellie." She worries constantly about seemingly everything and is almost always tense and upset. Which personality dimension of the Big Five Model does this illustrate?
Emotional stability
Which of the following is an important motivational tool entrepreneurs can use?
Employee empowerment
Which of these issues is NOT a contemporary control issue?
Employee performance
Which of the following groups would be considered to be an internal stakeholder of an organization?
Employees
Darma, a 56-year-old female, believes she has a cause of action against her employer because she is being paid less than a male worker who performs the same work. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this scenario?
Equal Pay Act
Which theory of motivation proposes that employees compare what they get out of their jobs in relation to what they put into it and then determine if that is fair based on a comparison with others?
Equity theory
In Rob's position at Medco Pharmaceuticals, he is responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing organizational goals. Which of the following is most likely Rob's title at Medco?
Executive vice president
What is the first step in the entrepreneurial process?
Exploring the entrepreneurial context
Yumi is an outgoing, high-energy person, and her friends often describe her as the "life of the party." According to the Big Five Model, which personality trait would this describe?
Extraversion
Although the merger between Gray Enterprises and Horack Manufacturing is expected to be a "win-win" that will increase both companies' market share and save jobs, employees are fearful because they don't know what to expect. Which technique would be most useful in overcoming their resistance to change?
Facilitation and support
Aleena's mother is seriously ill in another state, and Aleena has requested leave from her employer to care for her mother. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this scenario?
Family and Medical Leave Act
According to the job characteristics model, which core job dimension directly contributes to the critical psychological state of knowledge of the actual results of the work activities?
Feedback
Which one of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational performance?
Formal planning is associated with positive financial results.
Which of the following products would likely be produced using process production?
Gasoline
Which of the following generational cohorts is the fastest growing segment of the workforce?
Gen Yers
Which of the following is true concerning the planning-performance relationship?
Generally speaking, formal planning is associated with positive financial results.
The ABC retail company groups activities around its East Coast, West Coast, and Midwest locations. Which type of departmentalization is the company using?
Geographical
Justina is completing a performance appraisal for one of her subordinates. She must rank the employee on a scale of 1 to 5 in multiple categories such as quantity of work, quality of work, knowledge, attitude, dependability, and cooperation. What performance appraisal method is being used?
Graphic rating scale
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the challenges of managing cross-cultural motivation?
Group work is likely to be more motivating when the country's culture scores low on the nurturing criterion.
In an organic organization, which of the following would you most likely see?
High degree of decentralization
Which of the following racial/ethnic groups in the United States is expected to experience the highest growth rate through 2050?
Hispanic
Which of the following was the primary focus of leadership behavior theories?
How leaders interacted with their subordinates
Which view of conflict suggests that conflict is a natural occurrence in all groups and organizations and may actually enhance a group's performance?
Human relations view of conflict
Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE program refers to the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, and caring?
Humane orientation
An organization that wants to comply with ________ requirements must develop a total management system for meeting environmental challenges.
ISO 14000
A sales manager wants to establish a goal that will result in maximum motivation and superior performance for his sales staff. Which of the following would be the most effective goal?
Increase sales by 10% during the next quarter.
Which of these components is NOT one of the four ingredients common to MBO programs?
Individual goals set by middle managers
The success of eBay as an online intermediary between buyers and sellers to connect people (versus selling them things) is an example of which of Drucker's sources of opportunity?
Industry and market structures
________ is/are pressures created by other employees.
Interpersonal demands
Karl tends to be an imaginative "big picture" person. He trusts his hunches and likes to look at possibilities rather than mundane details. Which MBTI dimension or orientation does this describe?
Intuition
Which of the following describes a feasibility study?
It can serve as a basis for a business plan.
Which of the following defines an entrepreneurial venture?
It pursues opportunities, is characterized by innovative practices, and has growth and profitability as its main goal.
Jacinta picked up a prescription from the pharmacy and was confused by the instructions that stated, "Take two tablets PO BID." It wasn't until she questioned the pharmacist that she learned it means to take two pills by mouth twice a day. This is an example of which barrier to communication?
Jargon
__________ occurs when two or more people split a full-time job.
Job sharing
______________ occurs when two or more people split the responsibilities and duties of one position or job.
Job sharing
Joe Friday on the old TV show Dragnet was famous for the line, "Just the facts, ma'am." This line would best describe which MBTI dimension or orientation?
Judging
Which of the following is NOT a typical way to build trusting relationships?
Keep company information from others so as they do not worry.
Which of these is NOT a way to be seen as trustworthy in your organizations?
Keep your distance from those you're leading.
Martina has decided to structure her new business venture to provide liability protection while gaining tax benefits over alternative structures. Her attorney has prepared the operating agreement and advised her of the complexities and expense of setting up this structure. Which of the basic types of ownership has Martina chosen?
LLC
The concept of "in-groups" and "out-groups" is an integral part of which leadership theory?
Leader-member exchange(LMX) theory
Brite Plating doesn't dump contaminated water from its electroplating process into the storm sewers because it is legally required to refrain from doing this. According to the "four shades of green" approach to addressing the environment, which approach is the firm using?
Legal
Which of these exit options involves shutting down the business and selling the assets?
Liquidation
________ ratios are indications of an organization's ability to pay its short-term debts.
Liquidity
Jadon doesn't believe that "luck happens." He believes that you make your own luck in life. Which personality trait does this describe?
Locus of control
Tyrone has a plaque on the wall of his office that reads, "I am the master of my destiny." Which of the following does this plaque best illustrate?
Locus of control
Which subordinate contingency factor identified by the path-goal theory describes the degree to which followers believe that they are the masters of their fates?
Locus of control
Hobart is at the point in his new venture that he needs to hire more people. He comes to you for advice on the type of candidate he should seek. You tell him, "________."
Look for people who are exceptionally capable and fit well with the entrepreneurial culture
In order to get the edge in being promoted to a higher level management position, Ted spread a false rumor about a colleague. He figured that ultimately he was better for the job, and he was merely helping the company make the "right" decision. Which personality trait does this demonstrate?
Machiavellianism
Which of the following statements is most likely true about the work that managers do?
Managerial duties may be assigned to a team member who does not hold the title of manager.
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the process of control?
Managers do not need to control whether their units are performing as planned.
To meet the growing demands of its customers, a local fast food restaurant changes its packaging so that it uses less non-biodegradable materials. According to the "four shades of green" approach to addressing the environment, which approach is the restaurant using?
Market
Joan is a manufacturing engineer who works on a new product development team along with members from design, engineering, production, purchasing, finance, marketing, and quality assurance. Joan still has responsibilities to the Manager of Manufacturing Engineering, but simultaneously reports to the new product development team leader. What type of organizational design does this describe?
Matrix structure
Which of the following is the first step in the control process?
Measuring actual performance
Which one of the following is true about motivating unique groups of workers?
Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals.
When Lucinda interviewed a job candidate who was from Japan, she was disconcerted by his lack of eye contact, unaware that many Japanese are uncomfortable with direct eye contact. This demonstrates which barrier to effective communication?
National culture
Gannon Enterprises is in the midst of a major strategic change. To lessen resistance from some of the senior managers who are opposed to the change, the company has offered early retirements so that the managers can avoid having to experience the change effort. Which technique for reducing resistance to change does this best describe?
Negotiation
Which of the following perceptions regarding older workers is generally true?
Older workers are more stable and have lower rates of avoidable absences.
Russ, a senior manager in an engineering firm, strongly believes that a manager decides his organization's future and has a plaque on his wall that reads, "I am the master of my fate." What view of management does this reflect?
Omnipotent
What time frame does a short-term plan cover?
One year or less
Which leadership style identified by situational leadership theory (SLT) is characterized by a low level of task behavior and a high level of relationship behavior?
Participating
Ruth, a financial consultant, determines her client's leverage ratio to be very high. What suggestion could Ruth give to help the firm reduce its leverage ratio?
Pay back part of its debts to improve the ratio.
Statco, Inc., has struggled to meet projected revenues for each of the past ten quarters. The firm hired Mark Adams to design a control system and offer suggestions to improve the firm's performance. Which one of the following is a key activity that the proposed control system should perform?
Performance measurement
Alicia is determined to finish her research paper. If that means she has to put in some late nights over the next few weeks, she is willing to do so because she's not going to give up after all the work she has already put into the paper. This willingness to continue on with the project represents which element of motivation?
Persistence
Which of these areas does NOT represent a potential problem that entrepreneurs should develop controls to address?
Physical structure
Which of these dimensions is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of organizational culture?
Political skill
According to the Fiedler contingency model, which contingency dimension identifies the extent to which the leader has the authority to reward, discipline, hire, and/or fire subordinates?
Position power
Which of the following best describes legitimate power?
Power possessed by an individual because of his or her position in the organization
In which level of moral development do individuals define moral values apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or society in general?
Principled
In which type of organizational development (OD) does an outside consultant help the manager understand how interpersonal processes affect the way work is done?
Process consultation
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a valid reason for a company to be socially responsible?
Pursuing social goals dilutes the business's primary purpose of economic productivity.
Shawn's landscape company has grown significantly over the past year. Most of his workers are inexperienced and unsure of what they are expected to do, but eager to learn. According to situational leadership theory (SLT), at what stage of follower readiness are these workers?
R2
Which is the last step of Kurt Lewin's change process model?
Refreezing
Which of the following is NOT one of the six key elements of organizational design?
Regulation
________ is the extent to which a selection tool produces consistent results over time.
Reliability
Which of the following corporate strategies would be used by an organization to address declining performance?
Renewal strategy
Samira wants to stay on her boss's good side because it's almost time for her annual performance review and merit pay increase. What form of power does Samira's boss possess?
Reward power
Job security, health insurance benefits, and seniority pay would serve to fulfill which level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Safety
Which of the following was NOT presented as a way to become a better communicator?
Sharpen data processing skills
What's most important to Sandra in life isn't money or status; it's being able to interact with people and have friends and family. Which level of needs would this represent in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Social
An employee comes to work on time every day only because he knows that his pay will be docked if he is caught coming in late. However, when he knows his boss will be gone that day, he's frequently late. What stage of moral development does this represent?
Stage 1
You choose not to get drunk at a party because you know your friends will think less of you and that would make you feel badly about yourself. What stage of moral development does this represent?
Stage 3
The nondiscrimination policy of a university is an example of which type of plan?
Standing plan
A strategic business unit (SBU) of a major corporation has entered a new, high volume industry and has quickly captured a significant share of the market. According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, how would this SBU be categorized?
Star
UPS conducts a random check of mileage for each of its delivery vehicles and compares how many miles a truck was driven versus the number of miles calculated for the driver's route to determine if there is significant variation between the two. What step of the control process does this represent?
Step 2
Nelco Company has developed a long-range plan that charts a direction and sets goals for the company's future growth. What type of plan has Nelco developed?
Strategic
Which one of the following arguments on social responsibility states that businesses should address social problems before they become serious and costly to correct?
Superiority of prevention over cures
Which of these is a current trend that helps employees with career development?
Support for lifetime learning
Amira's job as the director of the humane shelter is exhausting and can be heartbreaking at times, but she loves her job because she knows that she makes a difference in the lives of thousands of homeless animals every year. Which dimension of the job characteristics model does this describe?
Task significance
According to the path-goal theory, under which of the following circumstances is a directive leadership style most appropriate?
Tasks are ambiguous, and subordinates are inexperienced.
According to research, which of the following is the single most important influence on an employee's decision to act ethically or unethically?
The behavior of managers
Which metaphor about organizational change assumes that change consists of occasional disruptions that must be dealt with, but then things can continue under the new changed situation?
The calm waters metaphor
Which of the following is NOT true of strategic management?
The economic viability of the organization's business model is seldom a factor in the strategic management process.
Turnover is high among new hires at Stewart's company. At one exit interview, Stewart asked the departing new hire why she was leaving so soon. Which one of the following statements is the most likely response?
The higher level employees repeatedly overemphasize the company's positive points while interviewing candidates.
Which of the following statements best describes moral development at the pre-conventional stage?
The individual views right vs. wrong in terms of the consequences of the action.
The creation of ATMs in the 1960s paved the way for today's online banking. According to Peter Drucker, the creation of ATMs is an example of which potential source of opportunity?
The process need
"In jobs today, employees rely more and more on those around them for information, advice, and assistance." Which one of the following approaches to job design best reflects this statement?
The relational perspective of work design.
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following would be considered a motivator?
The work itself
Which of the following defines high risk-takers?
They understand when to take risks and when to avoid them.
A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls in-house. From the supplier's perspective, which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent?
Threat of new entrants
Which decruitment option is unlikely to reduce costs, but can reduce intra-organizational supply-demand imbalances
Transfers
Which of these managerial actions is a concurrent mechanism that should deter employee theft?
Treat employees with dignity and respect.
Increased environmental complexity and uncertainty make the manager's job even more important now than it was 20 or 30 years ago.
True
Which of the following is true about being seen as trustworthy by others?
Truth is an inherent part of integrity.
Caitlyn has always been a hard-driving, competitive person. She walks fast, talks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Caitlyn would likely be described as exhibiting what type of personality?
Type A personality
________ is the principle that no subordinate in an organization should report to more than one manager.
Unity of command
Which of these methods is commonly used as a valuation technique to determine a fair price for a firm?
Using a multiple of earnings from comparable businesses
The program chair in the business administration division is retiring at the end of the year, but Jana has no desire to apply for the position because she knows it would mean longer hours and more administrative work for not much more money. Which aspect of expectancy theory does this best describe?
Valence
Which of the following refers to the emphasis someone gives to words or phrases in order to convey meaning?
Verbal intonation
A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls in-house. What type of corporate strategy does this represent?
Vertical integration
Under which of the following circumstances would manipulation and co-optation be an appropriate technique for managing resistance to change?
When a powerful group's endorsement is needed
When would a fluid or flexible organizational structure be most appropriate?
When innovation is critical to the organization's competitive advantage
During which stage in the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services would concurrent control be used?
When production is being carried out
When Jason applied for a job as a heating and air conditioning technician, he was given a malfunctioning compressor and was asked to diagnose the problem. What type of selection tool does this represent?
Work sampling
At a delicatessen, one employee greets patrons and takes their orders. Another employee assembles the sandwiches. A third employee wraps the sandwiches and operates the cash register. Which element of organizational design does this illustrate?
Work specialization
When Sarah started at the restaurant as a waitress, her boss spent the morning introducing her to coworkers, explaining the menu to her, and familiarizing her with the restaurant's procedures for waiting on customers. What type of training did Sarah receive?
Work unit orientation
Emerson Enterprises has made a decision to close its manufacturing facility in LaVerna, Alabama, and move operations to Mexico to take advantage of lower labor costs. Which law or ruling is most applicable to this scenario?
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
Human resources issued a written workplace romance policy that forbids personal relationships between employees of significantly different rank within the organization. This was issued prior to any dating relationships in the organization. This policy is an example of ________.
a feedforward control
"He could do it if he wanted to. He just doesn't like that part of his job, that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________.
a fundamental attribution error
Most research focusing on social responsibility and a firm's economic performance shows ________ relationship exists.
a small positive
Once each quarter, Bill holds an all-employee meeting in the cafeteria to keep them apprised of business results, let them know of planned changes in the industry, and answer questions. This is an example of ________.
a town hall meeting
Caitlyn has been a member of the annual auction committee for the humane shelter, but the auction has ended and the team is disbanding, at least until next year. This illustrates the ________ stage of group development.
adjourning
Marcus is very health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. He becomes upset when a coworker lights a cigarette after their lunch together. This represents the ________ component of his attitude.
affective
Gabriela, a university professor, likes to conduct research and publish articles in her field of expertise, but what she enjoys most is her time in the classroom, interacting with her students. She especially relishes the one-on-one time that she has with students during academic advising. According to the three-needs theory, Gabriela has a high need for ________.
affiliation
The universality of management means that ________.
all managers in all organizations perform the four management functions
Whenever DAC opens a new sales office in another country, it transfers a manager from headquarters to head up the new office, believing that foreign managers lack the expertise and skills to make the best decisions for the operation. This reflects ________.
an ethnocentric attitude
Many start-ups today ________.
are integrating revenue-generating and philanthropy
In identifying personality characteristics of entrepreneurs, it is likely that entrepreneurs ________.
are more proactive
The rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and to expect them to do it is known as ________.
authority
Gina is known to run a tight ship in her department. She sets very strict rules of conduct and expects everyone to follow them perfectly. No one in the department doubts that she is in complete charge at all times. According to the University of Iowa studies, Gina has a(n) ________ style.
autocratic
All of the following would be important elements of management by objectives (MBO) EXCEPT the ________.
autonomous establishment of specific objectives by department members
Ridership on the city's public transportation buses has fallen for three weeks in a row. This is ________.
a condition, but we need more information to determine whether it is a problem or a symptom
Following a customer complaint, Bigly Mfg. formed a problem solving team to find out why the system was producing unacceptable parts and make a recommendation to fix it. This is an example of ________ corrective action.
basic
Elena has been absent without excuse twice during the past month. Elena's manager meets with Elena to determine the reason for her poor attendance. This is an example of ________.
basic corrective action
Entrepreneurs tend to ________.
be able to manage high-risk situations
Operant conditioning argues that ________.
behavior is a function of its consequences
Marcus is very health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. When a coworker lights a cigarette after lunch, he asks her to put out the cigarette because he doesn't want to be exposed to second-hand smoke. This represents the ________ component of his attitude.
behavioral
Back2Work succeeded because it offered personalized assistance to its clients—people who had lost jobs—beginning with having a live person answer every phone call. When management proposed an automated answering service with a directory tree ("Press 1 for a company directory", for example), Cathy was concerned the company would lose customers. Cathy's resistance stemmed from her ___________.
belief that the change was incompatible with the goals and interests of the organization.
The process of determining who is the best, who sets the standards, and what those standards are, is known as ________.
benchmarking
Some plans apply to the entire organization, whereas other plans encompass only a functional area. This illustrates how plans differ in terms of their ________.
breadth
A leader is defined as someone who ________.
can influence others and who has managerial authority
Harness International, a global wiring harness company, allows each customer to access its engineering drawings on the company's extranet, speeding up the design process for every project. Harness would consider this to be a(n) ________.
capability
The president of Adam's company rules with an iron fist. All decisions must first be approved by the president, regardless of how small or insignificant they are. This suggests that there is a high degree of ________ within the company.
centralization
A person who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process is referred to as a(n) ________.
change agent
The ________ view of social responsibility holds that a firm's first and only obligation is to maximize profits for its shareholders.
classical
The manager who says, "Do it my way or hit the highway" is exercising ________ power.
coercive
Attitudes are composed of three components: ________, affect, and behavior.
cognition
Marcus is very health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. This represents the ________ component of his attitude.
cognitive
Tanya is opposed to drinking alcohol, but she has been offered a lucrative job with a beer company. She is tempted to take the job because the pay is nearly double what she is currently earning, but she feels hypocritical. Tanya is experiencing ________.
cognitive dissonance
An organization that grows using ________ expands by focusing on its primary line of business and increasing the number of products offered or markets served in its primary business.
concentration
An organization that grows using ________ focuses on its primary line of business and increases the number of products offered or markets served in this primary business.
concentration
The vertical axis of the managerial grid measures ________, whereas the horizontal axis measures ________.
concern for people; concern for production
Management by walking around is a ________ control.
concurrent
In response to some recent customer complaints about poor service, Francesca prepares a training presentation and manual for customer service representatives that outlines expected behaviors and the consequences of infractions. This best demonstrates the ________ function of communication.
control
An entrepreneur has decided to structure her business as a distinct legal entity with its own charter. She wants to be sure the business entity is separate from herself as owner and separate from her managers. Which of the basic types of ownership has she chosen?
corporation
RGH Enterprises is able to produce a wide line of garden tools and sells a high volume, and thus can capitalize on economies of scale and charge lower prices than its competitors. RGH Enterprises is using the ________ strategy.
cost leadership
The impact of IT on the work environment has ________.
created an opportunity for a 24/7 environment
The balanced scorecard approach provides top management with a comprehensive view of organizational performance via four indicators: people/innovation/growth assets, financial, internal processes, and ________.
customers
The process of combining tasks in order to form complete jobs is referred to as job ________.
design
Elena has been absent without excuse twice during the past month. Her manager calls her into his office and issues a written warning, advising her that another unexcused absence will result in immediate termination. This is an example of ________.
disciplinary action
The Gallup organization has conducted polls identifying large percentages of employees who are sleepwalking through their workday and are not passionate about their work. These employees are referred to as ________.
disengaged workers
A small IT firm that is challenging larger competitors and changing the industry's rules of the game is engaged in ________.
disruptive innovation
The aspect of attribution in which we determine if the behavior exhibited by a person is unusual is referred to as ________.
distinctiveness
Anika is disturbed to learn that she is only receiving a 2% merit pay increase when her cubicle mate is receiving 3%. She most likely believes that ________ justice has not been achieved in giving out raises.
distributive
An automobile manufacturer has four distinct business units-one for each of its major brands. Each of these units is headed up by a senior manager who has authority over that brand and is responsible for performance. Based on this, it can be assumed that the company has a ________ structure.
divisional
In Kurt Lewin's three-step change process, organizations are pushed toward change by ________.
driving forces
Social obligation is the obligation of a business to meet its ________.
economic and legal responsibilities
Two personality variables have been found to influence an individual's actions according to his or her beliefs about what is right or wrong: locus of control and ________.
ego strength
Disciplinary action is helpful to the organization because ________.
employees know what to do to correct their undesirable behavior
Adding tasks to an existing job is referred to as job ________.
enlargement
Carmen is a receptionist at a medical practice. She checks patients in for their appointments, schedules new appointments, and calls patients to remind them of their appointments. Her job has been redesigned so that she can now accept payments from patients and issue receipts. This change would best describe job ________.
enlargement
Jamal is a member service representative at a credit union. Until recently, his job consisted of handling members' deposits and withdrawals. He can now sell certificates of deposit, advise customers on the types and terms of available loans, and assist them with completing loan applications—functions that were previously done by his team leader. This type of job design option would best be described as job ________.
enrichment
Cisco created an interactive program that presents employees with different scenarios about sales practices, procurement issues, and other common dilemmas. Similar to America's Got Talent, the scenarios are evaluated by "judges" and employees are asked to vote, making judgment calls on each situation. Each episode ends with the Cisco compliance officer providing the answer and an explanation. This is an example of ________.
ethics training
The law of comparative advantage supports the ________ argument regarding international trade and globalization.
every country wins
Bao is confident that, if he puts in a few late nights at the library, he'll be able to complete his research paper on time. In terms of expectancy theory, this is an example of ________.
expectancy
Every morning before the start of the shift, Tom and his automotive service team at a large auto dealership have a five-minute "stand-up" meeting to make sure everyone knows which vehicles are scheduled for service and approximately how long each service appointment should last, and to identify any potential trouble spots. This would best be described as ________.
feedforward control
Barbara's Bridals does not want to be "all things to all people." The company serves a niche market of plus-sized brides who want to purchase high-end, designer wedding gowns. Barbara's Bridals is pursuing a ________ strategy.
focus
Early research on leadership traits ________.
focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
The stage of group development that involves getting oriented and acquainted is referred to as the ________ stage.
forming
A ________ is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector.
free market economy
A small, private college groups employees together by the work specialty, such as academic affairs, financial aid, food service, and campus security. This college appears to have a ________ structure.
functional
Competitive intelligence refers to ______________.
gathering information about competitors to help you anticipate their actions
Critics of the WTO claim that ________.
global trade destroys jobs and the natural environment
The CEO of a relatively small company needs to deliver some important information to employees about a proposed merger. He believes it's critical that everyone have the ability to communicate at the same time and in the same space so that he can address concerns and answer questions. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate?
group meeting
Colette leaned over to her colleague during a committee meeting and whispered, "I don't agree with this approach." Her colleague simply replied, "Don't make waves. If you say something now, we'll be here for another two hours. Just go along with it." This is an example of ________.
groupthink
An entrepreneur's decision to exit the venture may be based on the fact that he or she hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the venture. This is known as ________.
harvesting
A work team ________.
has shared leadership roles
Some firms use social media as a way to gain competitive advantage. For a social media strategy to be effective, it must ________.
help people connect and reduce costs and/or increase revenues
Despite reassurances from R&D's internal testing lab, Stephen believes the new material for climbing ropes should not be used in their manufacture until it has been certified by an independent lab. It would appear that Stephen has ________.
high ego strength
In a familiar children's book, a little locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a steep mountain. The "little engine," as he was called, kept telling himself "I think I can. I think I can." The little engine was ________.
high in self-efficacy
A recent study shows that 71% of CEOs believe the key source of their firm's sustained economic value stems from ________.
human capital
The employees at KLM Company are complaining that the supervisors tend to pick favorites within their departments. Company policies are not equally enforced and the favorites are not disciplined for safety violations. These employees are complaining about ________.
hygiene factors
The first three activities of the human resource management process involve ________.
identifying and selecting competent employees
A stamping machine begins turning out components that are out of tolerance. The manager removes the machine from service to ensure that more defective components are not produced and notifies maintenance to repair the machine. This is an example of ________.
immediate corrective action
An idea champion is best described as an ________.
individual who actively and enthusiastically supports new ideas, builds support, overcomes resistance, and ensures that innovations are implemented
Before Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor collaborated, automobiles were built by craftsmen, one at a time. After the establishment of the assembly line, Ford was able to produce automobiles faster than his competitors. but with equivalent quality. and sell them for a fraction of the cost. Ford saw opportunity in ________.
industry structure
While Hong is on the phone with a supplier, she hears the chimes of her e-mail, alerting her to a message. While she is scanning the message, a colleague knocks on her door and tells her she's late for the staff meeting. At the same moment, she gets a text message from her husband. This scenario best illustrates the barrier to communication referred to as ________.
information overload
The focus of ________ is to minimize or eliminate dysfunctional conflict that exists between groups by changing the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have about each other.
intergroup development
All of the following are elements of the interpersonal communication process EXCEPT ________.
jargon
Professionals are likely to be more motivated by ________.
job challenge
The ________ for a human resources manager indicates that the individual must have a minimum of 5 years of experience in human resources, experience supervising and managing a professional staff, a bachelor's degree in human resources or management, proficiency in organizational development, and familiarity with HRIS and Microsoft Office.
job specification
The sales manager meets with the accounting manager in order to clarify aspects of the sales compensation program. This meeting is an example of ________ communication.
lateral
According to the Fiedler contingency model, the three contingency dimensions that define situational control are ________.
leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
EPA regulations permit the release of 150 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air every 24 hours from paint shops. Utilimotors, a utility truck maker, monitors its emissions so it releases between 140 and 150 micrograms. Which approach of green management does Utilimotors use?
legal approach
Geneva needs additional capital to launch her business but does not want to share management responsibility with partners. Neither does she want to pay the high taxes often assessed on businesses. Her best option may be a(n) ________.
limited liability partnership
At Nicoh Enterprises, assembly line workers half-jokingly call shift leader Madeline the "firefighter." She can always be found on the floor, talking with the workers, solving problems, or just observing. This is best described as ________.
management by walking around
At Mark's company, the policy and procedures manual is two inches thick and seemingly covers every single aspect of work in great detail. He has even jokingly said, "If the company wanted you to have a family, it would probably be in the procedures manual." Based on this, it would appear that Mark works for a(n) ________ organization.
mechanistic
In a(n) ________ organization, authority is centralized and rules are clearly specified.
mechanistic
Custom Leather CEO Standish is considering doubling the size of his workforce in conjunction with expanding the number of retail outlets that carry Custom Leather products. He should expect the organization to become ________ as a result of this change.
more mechanistic
During an economic recession, ________.
more qualified candidates are available to fill fewer open positions
Leaders of virtual teams _____________.
need the ability to communicate support and leadership through writing
Drew is distracted from the professor's lecture because his girlfriend keeps sending him text messages about their weekend plans. This is an example of ________ in the communication process.
noise
Frank's team went through some early conflict when people were trying to sort out their roles, but they are beginning to develop some camaraderie with one another. Frank's team is in the ________ stage of group development.
norming
Barnes Plating pays employees minimum wage and offers only those employee benefits that it is legally mandated to provide. This is an example of social ________.
obligation
Most US companies monitor employees' ____________.
office Internet use
The argument that behavior is a function of its consequences is reflected in ________.
operant conditioning
Kendra is a marketing manager in an electronics firm. As such, she is responsible for development of the firm's marketing plan, which is a type of ________ plan.
operational
Many of Custom Leather's employees are experienced artisans. The jobs most of them perform are not highly standardized. They take great pride in their craft and require few formal rules and little direct supervision. These traits are most typical of a(n) ________ organization.
organic
Marianna voluntarily gives up her lunch hour to help her colleague who is struggling to finalize an important report. This is an example of ________.
organizational citizenship behavior
The measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are being met is referred to as ________.
organizational effectiveness
Productivity is defined as the formula of ________ divided by inputs for a specified period of time.
outputs
A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own eyes and perspectives is known as ________.
parochialism
Andrea's team is "running on all cylinders." Members trust each other and are mutually committed to the team's goals. They not only appreciate each other's differences, but also are able to work together in such a way that they capitalize on those differences. Andrea's team appears to be in the ________ stage of team development.
performing
In comparison to large firms, entrepreneurs ________.
play a disproportionate role in commercializing new products
In order to make exchanges or returns at a clothing retailer, customer service representatives must follow an established series of steps, such as checking the receipt, inspecting the item for damage, and issuing a store credit. This is an example of a(n) ________.
procedure
A textile mill has separate departments for spinning, weaving, dying, and printing. The outputs of one department become the inputs for the next department. This describes departmentalization based upon ________.
process
Return on investment is an example of a(n) ________ ratio.
profitability
The office manager has to place another order for copy paper, so he checks the office supply company's website to see if either of his preferred brands is on sale before placing the order. This is an example of a(n) ________.
programmed decision
When a totally new product, such as laser discs years ago, is introduced, it would be considered a ________ according to the BCG matrix.
question mark
According to situational leadership theory (SLT), the optimal combination of task and relationship behaviors depends on the ________ of followers to accomplish a specific task.
readiness
Locating, identifying, and attracting qualified applicants is the HR process referred to as ________.
recruitment
The use of employee recognition programs as motivational tools is consistent with the ________ theory.
reinforcement
Consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated are referred to as ________.
reinforcers
HD Consulting is very involved in the local community. The firm sponsors a fundraiser to help the local humane shelter, and top managers donate a considerable amount of time as corporate mentors, helping new entrepreneurs get started so they can provide jobs in the community. As a result, HD has low employee turnover, loyal customers, and increasing revenue. This is an example of how social ________ can benefit a company in the long run.
responsibility
In response to the growing popularity of social media among at-risk youth, a software gaming company uses a variety of social media outlets to discourage gang and youth violence. This is an example of social ________.
responsiveness
JMY Technologies has experienced declining performance for the past six months. Top-level managers have determined that the problems are minor in nature and that a short-run renewal strategy is most appropriate. In order to stabilize operations, JMY will most likely implement a ________ strategy.
retrenchment
Jamie is frustrated with the group project in her management class. Her team hasn't met to figure out who will do which portion of the project, and no timelines have been established. This situation best illustrates ________.
role ambiguity
Laura is a new physician in a busy clinic. She wants to spend enough time with her patients to fully understand their health concerns. However, she is required to see 30 patients per day, so she can spend no more than 10-15 minutes with each one. Laura is frustrated and is experiencing ________.
role conflict
Sandy is very good at precise work. She does not tire of repetitive work as easily as some of the others. However, when faced with a new problem that requires an innovative solution, her performance is not satisfactory. Sandy's personality is likely to be classified as a(n) ________ type.
sensing
Jolene owns her own marketing design consulting business. There are only five employees, so the organization has a flat hierarchy, and Jolene retains full authority. Jolene's company would best be described as a ________ structure.
simple
When Steve Jobs created a separate and autonomous unit at Apple to develop the Macintosh computer, he was using ________.
skunk works
The final project in Brent's management class is a group research paper. He likes group work because he knows that even if he doesn't do much work on the paper, the other members will probably pick up the slack so that they don't get a bad grade. This is an example of ________.
social loafing
Johnson Brothers Manufacturing believes that, although making a profit is important, it also has an obligation to its customers, employees, suppliers, and society as a whole. This demonstrates the ________ view of social responsibility.
socioeconomic
In the beginning, all employees at Tom's Welding performed whatever task was needed. Now the employees have gravitated to specific sets of tasks. Some use only stick welders; some weld only on aluminum. We can infer that as his business has grown, it has become more ________.
specialized
She was the matriarch of the department, the most senior employee. She always sat immediately to the right of the manager in all department meetings. No one dared take her chair. That chair was a symbol of her ________.
status
It became clear that both Cathy and Simon felt they should lead the group. Other group members began aligning themselves with one or the other. This group is in the ________ stage.
storming
If Kelly were to consider enhancing productivity by giving greater authority to her subordinates and increasing formalization, she would be considering ________ changes.
structural
In one survey, the highest number of responses came from entrepreneurs who said their idea for a business came from ________.
sudden insight/chance
Brooke has decided that the appropriate leadership style would be to show friendliness and concern for the needs of her subordinates. According to the path-goal model, she wishes to be a(n) ________ leader.
supportive
Frank noticed that Anna missed making their monthly sales quotas at a large auto dealer. He thinks this happened because she lacks basic people skills, not because a competing dealership is offering attractive sales rebates. This is an example of ________.
the fundamental attribution error
Raymond sent a text message to a colleague, telling him that he'd heard there was going to be a layoff the next month. His colleague quickly told his cubicle mate, who shared the information with a friend in the quality department. This is an example of ________.
the grapevine
One of the most common causes of new business failure is ______________.
the inability of the founder to effectively lead
The formal arrangement of jobs within an organization is known as ________.
the organizational structure
UPS calculates that a driver will drive approximately 140 miles on an assigned route. However, recognizing that the driver may have to make changes due to traffic, road construction, or detours, mileage will not be flagged for further investigation if it is not less than 120 miles nor more than 160 miles. This is an example of ________.
the range of variation
You are planting seeds in a vegetable garden. According to the instructions on the seed packet, the seeds should be placed 12" apart. However, you would be content if the seeds were within an inch of that measurement on either end (i.e., between 11" and 13" apart). This is an example of ________.
the range of variation
The interpersonal communication process begins with ________.
the sender
The fact that managers are needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and work areas, and in all global locations is known as ________.
the universality of management
The metaphor about organizational change that assumes that change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process is known as ________.
the white-water rapids metaphor
One of GTO Industries' key suppliers is in the midst of a labor dispute and workers have gone on strike. In terms of an internal/external analysis, this would be an example of a(n) ________.
threat
The commitment concept relates to the ________ of plans.
time frame
After meeting with the general manager of a large automotive dealership and being apprised of the dealership's objectives for growth and revenue during the coming fiscal year, Jon, the sales manager, establishes the overall sales objectives for the organization, including sales quotas for each of his salespeople. This is an example of ________.
traditional objective setting
A leader who focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task expectations and then provides rewards and/or punishments based upon their performance would be described as a ________ leader.
transactional
Walt Disney said, "If you can dream it, you can do it." This quote best describes ________ leadership.
transformational
A ________ is a multinational company that has a global scope and does not consider any particular country as its base, home, or headquarters.
transnational organization
In an uncertain environment, managers should develop plans that are specific, but flexible.
true
Communication is the transfer and ________ of meaning.
understanding
Managers today understand that their primary focus should be on ________.
understanding and meeting customer needs
If you are someone that often leaks personal confidences or cannot be depended on, you may be perceived as ________.
untrustworthy
The ________ of a selection tool refers to how accurately it predicts or forecasts what it is meant to predict.
validity
Basic convictions about what is right and what is wrong are referred to as ________.
values
Heather discovered that her boss was falsifying reports to the EPA about the release of harmful chemicals into the community's water supply. She confronted her boss, who told her to mind her own business. She then contacted the EPA and reported what she had learned. Heather would be described as a(n) ________.
whistleblower
In terms of how many employees a manager can effectively and efficiently manage, the trend in recent years has been toward ________.
wider spans of control
A group of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel is known as a ________.
work council
Which performance appraisal method solicits performance feedback from multiple persons with whom the employee interacts on a regular basis, such as peers, subordinates, customers, and supervisors?
360-degree appraisal
Which of the following were identified by David McClelland as acquired needs that are major motives in work?
Achievement, power, and affiliation
Bixler Corporation boasts that it has the fewest warranty claims in its industry. We can infer from this that ________.
Bixler's quality is a competitive advantage
________ communication flows from a manager to his or her employees, whereas ________ communication flows from the employees to management.
Downward; upward
Colin has always had an open-door policy with his staff. They consider him a friend and know that they can come to him with any problem they have, personal or work-related. Colin is unfailingly supportive and will advocate for them with upper management when needed. According to the University of Michigan studies, what type of leadership behavior does Colin demonstrate?
Employee-oriented
Sun-Li called her staff into her office and announced, "I'm thrilled to announce that we've been awarded the Cinocoh account. I'm here if you need me, but I want you to take this ball and run with it. You guys know what to do and how to do it, and I have complete faith in your judgment and abilities." According to the University of Iowa studies, what type of leadership style has Sun-Li exhibited?
Laissez-faire
Which type of behaviors accounts for most of the differences in both employee commitment and job performance?
Relationship-oriented behaviors
________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of successfully performing a task.
Self-efficacy
Overall, Luciana is pleased with herself. She perceives herself as a caring person, a good mother to her two children, and a trustworthy, dependable employee. This would describe which of Luciana's personality traits?
Self-esteem
_______ conflict focuses on what needs to be done, whereas _______ conflict focuses on how it gets done.
Task; process
________ leaders guide followers to accomplish established goals, whereas ________ leaders inspire followers to accomplish exceptional outcomes.
Transactional; transformational
Ulysses has difficulty staying focused during conversations, especially long "speech" type comments from the speaker. This is likely because ________.
Ulysses, like most listeners, can understand more words per minute than most talkers speak
Alec works on a new product development team at GTO Industries. His team is composed of members from engineering, quality, manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, and accounting. This describes a ________.
cross-functional team
A job ________ describes the content, environment, and conditions of employment, whereas a job ________ states the minimum qualifications a person must possess to successfully perform the job.
description; specification
A ________ plan sets forth general guidelines, whereas a ________ plan is clearly defined and leaves no room for interpretation.
directional; specific
According to the path-goal theory, ________ contingency factors determine the type of leader behavior required in order to maximize outcomes; ________ contingency factors determine how the leader behavior is interpreted.
environmental; subordinate
According to expectancy theory, an individual's motivation depends on three variables or relationships: ________.
expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
The three approaches to control are ________.
feedforward, concurrent, and feedback
According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a question mark has ________ market share and ________ anticipated growth rate.
low; high
Operational planning is usually conducted by ________.
lower-level managers
The study of group behavior includes the study of ________.
norms, roles, and leadership
Emotional intelligence (EI) involves a person's ability to ________ and ________ emotional cues and information.
notice; manage
Feedback control is ________-oriented, whereas feedforward control is ________-oriented.
past; future
One of the best ways to encourage ethical and honest behavior in an organization is to conduct ________.
pre-employment integrity tests
According to the Fiedler contingency model, a leader whose score placed them in Category VII or VIII on the least-preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire would be described as having a(n) ________ leadership style.
relationship-oriented
Alexis has developed an advertising campaign for a new toy her company is introducing in the fall, and the campaign will run through the Christmas holidays. This would be an example of a ________ plan.
single-use
A(n) ________ plan is designed to be used when the same situation occurs repeatedly, whereas a ________ plan is intended to meet the needs of a unique situation.
standing; single-use
Tayler's company has announced that, due to the poor economy, it will lay off 20% of the workforce by the end of the month. This announcement is the ________ that creates ________.
stressor; stress
The two primary factors affecting an entrepreneur's choice of legal ownership for a venture are ________ and ________.
taxes; legal liability
Which of the following managers is using big data in decision making?
A large retailer uses software to adjust prices in real time for more than 70 million items based on demand and inventory.
Apecs Electronics hires and promotes employees who are citizens of the host country, believing that the "locals" know best. Which global perspective does this reflect?
A polycentric attitude
Which U.S. law prohibits discrimination on the basis of age?
ADEA
The ________ is an organization of 189 member countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability.
IMF
Andrew must buy a new office copier. He lists the features the copier must have, such as a built-in scanner, color copying, and an automatic document feeder, along with how much he can spend. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent?
Identifying decision criteria
Which of these pieces of legislation prohibits discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) and gender identity?
LGBT Freedom Restoration Act
During which time period did the focus of workforce diversity shift to making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others?
Late 1980s to late 1990s
To ensure goals are met and work is completed as it should be, managers monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance is compared with the set goals
Managers play an important role in the success of nontraditional organizations such as political campaigns and music tours.
Which one of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion?
Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion.
At Aspen Electronics, the parking spots nearest the front door are reserved for the "Employee of the Month." Which aspect of organizational culture does this represent?
Material artifacts and symbols
Which of the following statements regarding the workplace differences between men and women is true?
Men usually start their careers at higher levels than women.
Which of the following factors is a sociocultural component of an organization's external environment?
Over time, society has become more accepting of alternative lifestyles.
Which of the following represents one of the benefits of workforce diversity that directly contributes to organizational performance?
Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits
Which decision-making bias refers to a decision maker's tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of events?
Representation bias
At Mary Kay Cosmetics, an annual awards ceremony is held where beauty consultants are dressed glamorously and received awards for sales goal achievements.. What element of organizational culture does this represent?
Rituals
Zappos has a monthly ceremony in which it recognizes a member of its development content team with a "Super Awesome Description Award." This is an example of which element of organizational culture?
Rituals
A sign in the college bookstore states that students can return a textbook only if it is still shrink-wrapped and returned within the first 10 days of the semester. This is an example of a(n) ________.
Rule
Which of the following best describes the activities that managers exhibit when serving interpersonal roles?
Serving as a figurehead or liaison
If Melody wanted to build a strong culture, which of these actions would help most?
She and other managers should often tell stories about the company "heroes" and encourage employees to emulate their behavior.
Which of the following is LEAST likely a key component of an organization's culture?
Socialization
Teresa is conducting market research to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product. She wants to determine the values, attitudes, lifestyles, and tastes of the target market. Which component of the external environment is Teresa assessing?
Sociocultural
Laura, a doctor, was surprised to discover that many men in the small village in Mexico where she was volunteering refused to be seen by a female physician because the societal norm dictated that the physician should be a male. Which cultural dimension does this illustrate?
Gender differentiation
Bob believes that women should be the primary caregivers for children. It irritates him to see men changing diapers. This is an example of ________.
a bias
The view that managers are constrained by both the organization's culture and the organization's environment while still having some managerial discretion is ________.
a combination of symbolic and omnipotent
RVA Electronics has facilities worldwide. Instead of orienting itself toward either the host country or the home country, top managers select managers for assignments based on their skills and abilities, rather than their nationality or location. This reflects ________.
a geocentric attitude
Senior management at JMJ Manufacturing accept that there are differences and similarities between host country and home country personnel and practices and believe that they should use the practices that are most effective. This reflects ________.
a geocentric attitude
Whenever Gabriela needs to book a hotel room in an unfamiliar city, she always stays at a Marriott, because she's familiar with the brand. This is an example of ________.
a heuristic
The gap between an existing state and a desired state is referred to as ________.
a problem
Adjusting the height of a workstation to make it accessible to an employee in a wheelchair is an example of ________ in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
a reasonable accommodation
Cashiers at the supermarket are allowed to adjust the price of an item up to a maximum of $5.0 without getting the manager's approval. This would best be described as a(n) ________.
policy
After looking at several copiers, Andrew decides to buy one. He knows other models might be available elsewhere, but he doesn't have time to keep looking, and the one he is buying seems to meet his needs. This is an example of ________.
satisficing
The orientation program at a software company consists of a full-day session in which new employees are introduced to the company, its products, and its policies, and are assigned a senior employee who serves as their mentor. This process of helping new employees learn about and adapt to the organization's culture is known as ________.
socialization
Alyssa is convinced that all politicians are crooks and philanderers and care only about personal gain and getting re-elected. This is an example of ________.
stereotyping
According to the ________ view of management, managers have limited control and influence over the organization's success or failure.
symbolic
Managers who weigh their first impression of an applicant more heavily than information received later in the interview are experiencing ________.
the anchoring effect
Alberto is a manager who tends to think he knows more than he does. He is most likely exhibiting ________.
the overconfidence bias
By the year 2050, what percentage of Americans will be foreign-born?
19%
By the year 2050, whites in the United States will comprise approximately what percentage of the overall population?
47%
Which of the following groups was the most recent group to be protected from workplace discrimination by U.S. federal law?
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons
_______ is the biological heritage people use to identify themselves, whereas ________ is social traits shared by a population.
Race; ethnicity
Which one of the following would be considered a multinational corporation?
Sherri's Shipping transports manufactured goods between the U.S. and Asia, maintaining offices in both countries.
If you look around, you will likely see people with different skin colors, eye colors, and hair colors, as well as older people and younger people. What term best describes these differences?
Surface-level diversity
Differences among employees in an organization in terms of their values, personality, and work preferences are known as ________.
deep-level diversity
The decisions many managers make in today's business world typically involve ________.
risk, incomplete information, and time pressure
Brandi's Bakery has received its first major commercial order, and the owner needs to determine if she can fill this order on her own or if she needs to hire an employee. This is an example of ________.
an unstructured problem
Beth hired Tom, trained him, coached him, and expected he would be her eventual replacement when she moved up in the company. She noted each of his accomplishments with pride but wrote off as vicious gossip the comments from Tom's co-workers that he was making too many mistakes. Beth is experiencing the ________.
confirmation bias
The approach to decision making that involves soliciting input from a network of people outside of the organization is called ________.
crowdsourcing
Instead of identifying and evaluating alternatives with logic and deductive reasoning, a manager using ________ would try to envision and entertain new and innovative solutions to a problem.
design thinking
Dylan must choose among four candidates to fill his open accounting clerk position. If Dylan uses rational decision making, he will ________.
disregard the fact the one of the candidates is the owner's nephew
Ellen's ability to produce the same amount of product with fewer personnel is a reflection of her ________.
efficiency
The cultural dimension that reflects the degree to which a society rewards and encourages behaviors such as planning, working for long-term success, and delaying gratification is referred to as ________.
future orientation
To improve your political skills at work, you should ________.
gain control of organizational resources
Given a choice between Jane, a 50-something internal candidate, and Jenny, a 20-something internal candidate, Joe selected Jane. Joe would probably say it was because ________.
he expected the quality of Jane's work would be better than Jenny's
Alicia is convinced that she can tell more about a job applicant in a 5-minute interview than through pre-employment tests or reference checks and insists that her gut instincts are never wrong. Alicia is using ________.
intuitive decision making
An ethnocentric attitude ________.
is the belief that the home country has the best work approaches and practices
Lockheed Martin's slogan is, "We never forget who we're working for." This is an example of how the company uses _______ to reinforce its organizational culture.
language
When Linda joined the company fresh out of graduate school, a senior manager in the company "took her under her wing" and spent considerable time giving her advice and coaching her on ways to capitalize on her strengths and get ahead in the organization. This is an example of ________.
mentoring
As the international operations of their firm continues to grow, Theodore and James have realized that decentralized management using foreign nationals to run operations in the host countries works best. Their firm has developed into a ________ organization.
multidomestic
The ________ view of management asserts that managers are directly responsible for the success and/or failure of an organization.
omnipotent
In reality, most managers have some control over performance but also __________.
operate within constraints
More people will buy ground beef advertised as "80% lean" instead of "20% fat," even though the meaning is the same. Which decision-making bias does this reflect?
Framing bias
Bernard's company knows it must constantly create new products to stay ahead of the competition. Which of the following characteristics are we likely to find in this culture?
Freedom for employees to exercise discretion
Which of the following is more essential to higher level managers than to lower level managers?
Conceptual skills
Which of these correctly identifies the five key skills listed in the Employability Skills Matrix that hiring managers believe are most important?
Critical thinking, communication, collaboration, knowledge application and analysis, and social responsibility
In order to tailor a political candidate's message to the constituency in a particular area, her staff investigates the area's general age, race, gender, income, and family composition. What aspect of the external environment is the staff investigating?
Demographic
Andrew goes to the office supply store and talks to a sales representative, who shows him several copiers that can meet his needs. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent?
Developing alternatives
Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to disabled workers?
Disabled workers are often more dependable and conscientious.
When DAX Products wanted to expand and enter the Western European market, it established a small manufacturing facility and a sales office in Munich. What method of entering the global market did DAX use?
Foreign subsidiary
Which regional trading alliance was composed of the United States, Canada, and Mexico?
NAFTA
Which of these groups is typically NOT considered part of an organization's specific environment?
Stockholders
Which of the following is a true statement about the changing nature of modern management?
Taking risks, exploring new territories, and trying new methods are innovative tactics that management can use to be more successful in the marketplace.
Which statement is most likely true concerning the official activities and roles of senior managers?
The roles of disseminator, negotiator, and liaison are most important for senior managers.
Which of the following best describes the controlling function identified by Henri Fayol?
To ensure goals are met and work is completed as it should be, managers monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance is compared with the set goals
________ are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.
Top managers
The ________, which evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), is the only global organization that deals with trade rules among nations.
WTO
Which of the following is a global organization of more than 150 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations?
WTO
Artificial intelligence relies on the availability of ________ to create algorithms that mimic the reasoning ability of the human mind.
big data