MGMT 444 final review

Determining an organization's environmental uncertainty generally means focusing on sectors of the _____.

Task environment

The primary contingency that shapes whether an organization will function best with an organic or a mechanistic design is:

The degree of uncertainty in the external environment

Which of the following is a difference between the international division and the domestic division of a company?

The international division is organized according to geographic interests, while the domestic division is typically organized along functional or product lines.

In which of the following approaches do businesses, governments, and nonprofit organizations join together across sectors and industries to tackle huge, compelling problems of mutual interest?

The megacommunity approach

Jason is employed at Cloover Inc. At Cloover Inc., management's primary goals are increasing the ratio of output to input, using the resources used to produce a unit of output efficiently, and generating more revenue than the expenses. Cloover Inc.'s management values are represented by _____.

The rational goal emphasis

Which of the following is true of functional managers in successful international firms?

They are involved in identifying and linking an organization's expertise and resources worldwide.

Which of the following is true of contingency factors?

They describe the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions.

Teaching in a high school and medical services in a health clinic are referred to as an organization's _____ technology.

core

_____ is an extension of the idea of managerial ethics and refers to management's obligation to make choices and take action so that the organization contributes to the welfare and interest of all organizational stakeholders.

corporate social responsibility

In football, the interdependence tends to be:

sequential because plays are run sequentially and events during the plays occur sequentially.

Arkal Corp. manufactures wooden chairs and Borston Corp. manufactures plastic chairs. Arkal Corp. wants to enter into a resource-dependence relationship with Borston Corp. Which of the following types of resource-dependence relationships is most likely to result in Arkal Corp. gaining full control over the joint outcome?

Acquisition

Which of the following contingency factors will influence whether an organization is more effective with a primarily organic organization design?

Adaptive Culture

_____ means identifying who is best at something in an industry and then duplicating the technique for creating excellence, perhaps even improving it in the process.

Benchmarking

__ emphasize designing and managing organizations on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform application of standard rules.

Bureaucratic Org

Getwel Corp. and Sebastian Inc. are two computer manufacturers that share with each other the details of commonly occurring issues and customer complaints. This enables them to work together and provide better service to their customers and also saves the time required to diagnose the issues. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate?

Collaborative Work

Nicholas started a computer assembling business with fifteen employees. All employees were responsible for the complete assembling of a unit. As his start-up grew overtime, he created departments and appointed a supervisor for each department. This signifies that Nicholas's business is in the _____ stage.

Collectivity

_____ refers to what sets an organization apart from others and provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace.

Competitive Advantage

Universities function in the _____ environment.

Complex and stable

_____ refers to the number of distinct departments or activities within an organization.

Complexity

_____ encompass larger elements that influence structural dimensions, including an organization's size, technology, environment, culture, and goals.

Contingency Factors

_____ means searching out and analyzing data from multiple sources across the enterprise, and increasingly from outside sources as well, to identify patterns and relationships that might be significant.

Data Mining

At Infosoft Solutions, employees are encouraged to take care of their problems by working with one another and with customers, using their discretion to make decisions. From this information, it can be understood that Infosoft Solutions is a _____ organization.

Decentralized

In the context of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ can reduce rivalry with competitors and fight off the threat of substitute products because customers are loyal to a company's brand.

Differentiation Strategy

Hill Fog is a brand of bottled water in India. Asif, the marketing manager at Hill Fog, is aware of the global environment and is considering initial foreign involvement in the United States to expand production volume and realize economies of scale. Hill Fog is in the _____ stage of international development.

Domestic

_________ refers to the amount of resources used to reach an organization's goals.

Efficiency

T or F: Big data analytics can only be employed by online companies.

False

T or F:Social media programs decrease efficiency and productivity and facilitate slower operations.

False

Top management is concerned with major departments, such as marketing or research, and must decide how the department relates to the rest of an organization.

False

With decentralization, decision-making authority is pushed up to higher organizational levels.

False

The two value dimensions of the competing values model are the:

Focus and structure of an org

Carter is a middle-level manager in his organization. He was satisfied with his job for the first three years, but he has decided to quit as he feels stifled by the bureaucracy and lack of innovation. Carter's organization is most likely in the _____ of the organizational life cycle.

Formalization stage

Which of the following is a difference between functional managers and country managers?

Functional managers coordinate across countries, while country managers coordinate across functions.

Percy developed a new accounting system which processed data that was previously computed by ten accountants. As a result, the new technology replaced ten employees. Due to Percy's innovation, the technological sector impacted the _____ of the organization.

General enviroment

Quidpro, a food and beverage company based in Germany, gets most of its sales from outside its home country. Its employees are spread all over the world. The CEO is Belgian, the chairman was born in Austria, and more than half of the company's managers are non-Germans. The company has hundreds of brands and has production facilities or other operations in almost every country in the world. Quidpro is in the _____ stage of international development.

Global

Alphacone Inc. is a multinational plasticware manufacturing company. It operates in nine countries, and employs around 7000 people. The large firm is difficult to manage, and the director is looking for a way to capture the mindset and advantages of small businesses to turn the management process around. Which of the following approaches should the director of Alphacone Inc. use?

He should reorganize his organization into groups of small companies.

Which of the following types of communication is emphasized by organic organizations?

Horizontal

_____ means employees are organized around core work processes, the end-to-end work, information, and material flows that provide value directly to customers.

Horizontal Grouping

Which of the following is a difference between for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations?

In for-profit businesses, managers focus on improving an organization's products and services to increase sales revenues, while in nonprofit organizations, however, services are typically provided to nonpaying clients.

A(n) _____ occurs when a director of company A and a director of company B are both directors of company C.

Indirect Interlock

Which of the following is an assumption of the population-ecology perspective?

Individual orgs find it difficult to adapt to environmental changes

Which of the following is true of a globalization strategy?

It can save a company money because it helps reap economy-of-scale efficiencies by standardizing product design and manufacturing.

Which of the following is true of a global matrix structure?

It provides a way to achieve vertical and horizontal coordination simultaneously along two dimensions.

Which of the following contingency factors will influence whether an organization is more effective with a primarily mechanistic organization design?

Large Size

A company may use any or all of the mechanisms of mimetic, coercive, or normative forces to change itself for greater _____ in the institutional environment.

Legitimacy

In the context of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ is concerned primarily with stability rather than taking risks or seeking new opportunities for innovation and growth.

Low cost leadership strategy

Garin Corp., an automobile manufacturing company, tried to increase its sales by releasing car models with new colors. In the light of its huge success, other automobile manufacturers began doing the same. Which of the following mechanisms for institutional adaptation is best illustrated in this scenario?

Mimetic Force

In the _____ stage of international development, a company has extensive experience in a number of international markets and has established marketing, manufacturing, or research and development (R&D) facilities in several foreign countries.

Multinational

Penrose Inc. is an American corporation that provides business consulting, information technology, and outsourcing services. The company has extensive experience in a number of international markets and has established facilities in several foreign countries. Penrose Inc. is in the _____ stage of international development.

Multinational

Which of the following types of organizations is best suited to the mission culture?

One that is concerned with serving specific customers in the external environment but without the need for rapid change

_____ describe specific measurable outcomes and are often concerned with the short run.

Operating GOals

Subzero Enterprises is a publishing company based in the United States of America. The company has 70 employees. Information flows in all directions within and across departments and hierarchical levels. The rules and regulations at Subzero Enterprises are flexibly applied. Subzero Enterprises follows a(n) _____ design.

Organic

Which of the following is a difference between organization design and organizational behavior?

Organization design might be considered the sociology of organizations, while organizational behavior is the psychology of organizations.

Which of the following is not a key component in the definition of organization structure?

Organization structure identifies the tasks, functions, and processes for each department and position within the organization.

The matrix structure is the correct structure when three conditions are met. Which of the following is one of these three conditions?

Pressure exists to share scarce resources across product lines.

The term _____ means the redesign of a vertical organization along its horizontal workflows and processes.

Reengineering

Which of the following is true of relational coordination?

Relational coordination is not a device or mechanism like other elements, but rather is part of the very fabric and culture of the organization.

A _____ has discretion and responsibility, allowing a person to use his or her judgment and ability to achieve an outcome or meet a goal.

Role

The _____ arises from a set of codified principles and regulations that describe how people are required to act, that are generally accepted in society, and that are enforceable in the courts.

Rule of law

A _____ is a plan for interacting with the competitive environment to achieve organizational goals.

Strategy

_____ provide labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization.

Structural Dimensions

What is the major goal of an organization during the entrepreneurial stage of the organizational life cycle?

Survival

Pendant Inc., a retail chain based in England, has implemented an energy-efficient trucking fleet. It is increasing its use of green materials in buildings, and aims to dispose all the waste of the company by 2025. Which of the following measures is Pendant Inc. focusing its efforts on?

Sustainability

An organization obtains inputs from the external environment, adds value through a transformation process, and discharges products and services back to the environment.

True

Managers in nonprofit organizations market their services to attract not only clients (customers) but also volunteers and donors.

True

Organization design is directly relevant to top- and middle-management concerns and partly relevant to lower management.

True

T or F: An organization is more than a building and/or a set of policies and procedures.

True

When spans of control are narrow, the hierarchy tends to be tall.

True

When several sectors change simultaneously, the environment becomes _____.

Turbulent

Which of the following did Perrow specify?

Two dimensions of departmental activities: variety and analyzability

Ronald is an accountant at Bradmink Corporation. He has come to know that his company has been embezzling large sums of money from its clients. Ronald then informs the authorities of his company's illegal activities. This scenario illustrates _____.

Whistleblowing

Brian is the brand manager for Bake 'n Bite Pastries. His job requires him to coordinate several aspects of the brand, right from the design to the distribution of the product. Although he does not report to any of the teams being coordinated, he still plays an active role in managing the product. In the context of horizontal linkages, Brian is _____.

a full-time integrator

_____ refers to technologies, skills, and processes for searching and examining massive, complex sets of data that traditional data processing applications cannot handle to uncover hidden patterns and correlations.

big data analytics

_____ is based on values and assumptions that are almost opposite to those of hierarchical control.

decentralized control

Which of the following is not a characteristic of service technology?

delayed response time is acceptable

_____ are the lifeblood of the U.S. economy.

entreprenuerial start ups

All effective control systems involve the use of _____ to determine whether organizational performance meets established standards to help the organization attain its goals.

feedback

Organizational Design

gives us the tools to evaluate and understand how and why some organizations grow and succeed while others do not.

Most managers are shifting away from bureaucratic cultures because of a need for:

greater flexibility

_____ involves monitoring and influencing employee behavior through extensive use of rules, policies, order of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms.

hierarchal control

Reciprocal interdependence tends to occur in organizations with what Thompson called _____, which provide a variety of products or services in combination to a client.

intensive technolgies

Which of the following is true of a divisional structure?

it is used to promote flexibility and change

_____ is a manufacturing process characterized by long production runs of standardized parts, and output often goes into inventory from which orders are filled because customers do not have special needs.

large batch production

Melissa works in the fashion industry. Her job is to research, by analyzing social media, the growing trends among youth. Her company designs and manufactures clothing based on her analysis. Melissa is a part of the _____ of the task environment.

market sector

Steve, an entrepreneur, started a breakfast-on-the-go business that focused on providing customized breakfast packages to students and executives in his neighborhood. He had fifty people working for him who had the liberty to make decisions and propose improvement plans. Which of the following would most likely be a characteristic of Steve's business?

niche finding

Which of the following is not a perspective of the balanced scorecard?

quality control

Which of the following statements is true of environmental complexity?

refers to the number of eternal dissimilarities

The competing argument says small is beautiful because the crucial requirements for success in a global economy are:

responsiveness and flexibility in a fast changing environment

Which of the following is true of a functional structure?

results in a hierarchy overload

The Verification Department of the Internal Revenue Service checks the calculations on returns and notes any discrepancies. According to Perrow, this department fits into the category of _____.

routine technologies

In Miles and Snow's strategy typology, the prospector strategy:

seeks innovation or risk taking and is therefore best suited to a dynamic environment.

Jenson Motors, a car manufacturing company, decides to change its production operations strategy. In the company, an employee adds a part to the car frame and then sends it to another employee to add another part. This process continues until they get the final product, a complete car. The management wants to divide the employees into teams where each team is responsible for building an entire car. If Jenson Motors implements the change, the interrelationships would change from:

sequential interdependence on the line to pooled interdependence between the teams.

Which of the following is the first step in the feedback control model?

setting strategic goal

_____ is a highly ambitious quality standard that specifies a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million parts.

six sigma

Which of the following is a weakness of a functional structure?

slow response time to change

Shaina, a manager for a fashion magazine, puts out two messages a day on her company's Facebook fan page. She does this to obtain feedback from readers and also to determine what the readers would like to see in the magazine. This scenario is an example of _____.

social business

. _____ develop to reflect the common problems, goals, and experiences that members of a team, department, or other unit share.

subcultures

Bureaucracy provides for:

systematic and rational way to organize and manage tasks

Which of the following is the main focus of the clan culture?

the involvement and participation of the members of the org

Which of the following theories argues that organizations try to minimize their reliance on other organizations for the supply of important resources and try to influence the environment to make resources available?

the resource dependency theory

Which of the following is not true of managers in non-constructive cultures?

they care deeply about stakeholders