MGMT 6.0
Which of the following statements is true concerning problem identification?
EFFECTIVELY IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS IS NOT EASY
The ________ Act makes it a crime in the United States to engage in theft of a trade secret
Economic Espionage
RISK
Estimate likelihood (probability) of outcomes resulting from choice of particular alternatives
RULE
Explicit statement that limits what you can or cannot do
According to Robert House's path-goal theory, a supportive leader lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules the work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.
FALSE
Directional plans are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation.
FALSE
Most businesses have only the single goal of making profits.
FALSE
Planning helps managers eliminate uncertainty and insulates organizations from change
FALSE
Strategic goals focus exclusively on the financial performance of the organization.
FALSE
The number of years used to define short-term and long-term plans has increased considerably because of the greater environmental certainty businesses have today.
FALSE
An organization communicates openly to its employees about violent incidences in the workplace and what's being done to handle them. This is an example of a ________ control strategy.
FEEDBACK
Charles discovers major flaws in the packaging department. He consults the production manager and formulates control measures to improve packaging. Here, Charles is using the ________ control.
FEEDBACK
FEEDFORWARD = (input) = anticipates problems -careful prehiring -establish policies on theft and fraud -educate train employees
FEEDBACK = (output) = corrects problems after they occur -investigators -redesign control measures -reevaluate relationships/culture
absenteeism
Failure to report to work.
The concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business survival during the early 1980s.
False
SERVANT LEADERSHIP****
First priority for a leader is service: putting others first (employees, customers) Motivation of leader is a need to serve others Provide team members with support Remove barriers Nurturing their career dreams -Great guide for new managers, team leaders, and young managers of older employees
Which of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational performance?
Formal planning is associated with positive financial results
IMPROVING ETHICAL BEHAVIOR
Hire individuals with high ethical standards. Establish codes of ethics and decision rules. Delineate job goals and performance appraisal mechanisms. Provide ethics training. Conduct independent social audits. Provide support for individuals facing ethical dilemmas. Lead by example role model
John Doe is approached by a shady investor who offers incentives for stealing sensitive information. Which of the following statements best reflects John's thoughts if he is at the preconventional level of moral development?
I am liable to be criminally prosecuted for my involvement in stealing the information.
is an example of a high-performance work practice.
Increasing employee access to information
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS
Inspire followers to transcend own self-interests for good of organization Transform followers by force of their personality -stimulate/inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes -not opposite of transactional; transformational leadership develops from transactional
d. the internal operations of the organization
Internal forces that stimulate the need for change tend to originate primarily from the impact of external forces or from
The ________ ratios measure an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations.
LIQUIDITY
employee attitudes
Labor strikes are an example of what change factor that may encourage a change in management thinking and practices?
every manager's job
Managing change is an integral part of
________ is a process whereby an experienced organizational member provides advice and guidance to a less-experienced member.
Mentoring
CONTROL
Monitoring activities Communicating priorities, progress Correcting significant deviations
A(n) ________ is the existence of a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs.
PROBLEM
The manager of an apparel store estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's sales figures. The store manager is operating under which of the following decision-making conditions?
RISK
Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?
SELLING
What can be said about a manager who believes that she worked hard and met the productivity goals of her organization despite unfavorable conditions?
SHE HAS AN INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL
________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined.
STRUCTURED PROBLEMS
UTILITARIANISM
Seeking greatest good for greatest number Efficient, tends to focus on productivity Can result in great harm to a minority
involves predicting which applicants will be successful if hired.
Selection
PROCEDURE
Series of interrelated steps that can be used to respond (applying a policy) to a structured problem
Top executives are mainly involved in ________ planning
Strategic
According to Kurt Lewin, which of the following is a stage in the change process?
UNFREEZING
Sexual Orientation
________ is the diversity factor that has been called the "last acceptable bias."
A firm that is "stuck in the middle" cannot develop
a cost or differentiation advantage
Elizabeth was hired as a customer care executive by a telecommunication provider during a period when they were extremely short-staffed. Her employers soon realized that she was impatient, easily irritated, and lacked motivation. They even began to receive complaints about her behavior from angry customers. In hiring Elizabeth, her employers were guilty of a(n)
accept error
A standing plan is ________
an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly
An organization's mission states that it "is committed to reducing its environmental footprint"; but its facilities do not comply with statutory environmental regulations. This is an instance of how ________.
an organizations stated goals need not be its real goals
VALUES
basic convictions about what is right and what is wrong
Which of the following people management benefits arises from workplace diversity?
better use of employee talent
Which of the following provisions was introduced by the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009?
changing the statute of limitations on pay discrimination to 180 days from each paycheck
Bob works in a mid-sized organization with other skilled workers who all pitch in to do what needs to be done to satisfy the customer. It is likely Bob works in a ________ organization.
decentralized
In terms of workplace diversity, the New Millenium has witnessed increased focus on ________.
diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth
Which of the following traditional organizational designs focuses on results by holding division managers responsible for what happens to their products and services
divisional structure
Which of the following factors has contributed to the decline in the number of years used to define short-term and long-term plans?
environmental uncertainty
The primary debate about ethics training programs is whether ________
ethics can be taught
Which of the following training methods involves employees participating in role playing, simulations, or other face-to-face types of training?
experiential exercises
The commitment concept says that plans should ________
extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed
Patrick expects that each person he hires for his online business to be involved in studying trends involving new technology, competitors, and customers. These employees are involved in
external analysis
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change?
external changes
According to projections of the U.S. population, the ethnic groups that will exhibit the maximum change are the Hispanic and African American populations.
false
Deep-level diversity refers to easily perceived differences that may trigger certain stereotypes, but that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel
false
One reason people resist change in an organization is that their future has been set and cannot be changed
false
Workplace diversity refers exclusively to the differences between employee characteristics
false
Worldwide population trends indicate that we will witness dwindling labor supply and increasing total global savings rates.
false
-THERE IS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
firms social actions DO NOT harm long term performance
According to the traditional view, managers could not � and should not � directly supervise more than ________ subordinates.
five or six
Ferrari sells very expensive, stylish, high-quality cars to very wealthy people. Ferrari follows a ________ strategy.
focus
Which of the following strategies involves a cost advantage or a differentiation advantage in a narrow segment?
focus strategy
Early research on leadership traits ________.
focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
The ________ stage in the group development process is complete when members begin to think of themselves as part of a group
forming
The first group meeting is in progress. The five attendees are exchanging contact information and getting acquainted. This group is in the ________ stage.
forming
Organizational plans can be classified on the basis of their ________.
frequency of use
A disadvantage of ________ departmentalization is poor communication across the different groups.
functional
"Slow down, Mary. You're making us all look bad." These comments likely came from a worker concerned about
group norms
In ________, a company grows by combining with competitors.
horizontal integration
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
integrating the interests of STAKEHOLDERS into the company's policies/actions Focuses on TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE -social -environmental -financial GOAL - positively impact society while achieving business success
A ________ states the minimum qualifications that a person must possess to successfully perform a given job.
job specification
During which era was the term "workforce diversity" first used?
late 1980's
Recruitment is the process of
locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants
Strategic plans are usually ________
long term, directional, and single use
customer satisfaction = highest value then ethics/integrity, then accountability
lowest value = diversity
A cost leadership strategy requires a firm to
maintain the lowest cost structure
Which of the following is the first step in a diversity skills training program?
making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have
GREEN MANAGEMENT
managers consider the impact of their organization on the natural environment
Control techniques can be quite different for different countries. The differences are primarily in the ________
measurement and corrective action steps of the control process
The first step in the control process is ________.
measuring actual performance
Ben operates a farmer's market. Every year he offers the same vegetables to the same customers and faces the same rivalry from other truck farmers. A(n) ________ would best fit Ben's situation.
mechanistic design
What type of discrimination usually involves jokes or negative stereotypes being perpetrated about fellow employees?
mockery and insults
STAGES OF ETHICAL DECISIONS
moral awareness --> moral judgement/intent --> moral behavior
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act called for ________.
more disclosure and transparency of corporate financial information
Custom Leather CEO Standish is considering doubling the size of his workforce in conjunction with expanding the number of retail outlets that carry Custom Leather products. He should expect the organization to become ________ as a result of this change.
more mechanistic
During an economic recession,
more qualified candidates are available to fill fewer open positions
UNSTRUCTURED PROBLEMS
new/unusual information ambiguous/incomplete requires custom solutions
In this meeting, the group is discussing a code of conduct to be observed by all members, such as arriving on time and not interrupting the speaker. This group is in the ________ stage.
norming
A study of the external environment allows a manager to understand the ________ and ________ for the organization.
opportunities; threats
If a firm wants to become more adaptive and flexible, which of the following organizational structures is it likely to prefer?
organic
Many of Custom Leather's employees are experienced artisans. The jobs most of them perform are not highly standardized. They take great pride in their craft and require few formal rules and little direct supervision. These traits are most typical of a(n) ________ organization.
organic
Which of the following is an example of a variable that fosters innovation?
organic structure
Which of the following is the best indicator of an organization's real goals?
organizational members' actions
Which of the following corresponds to the controlling step in the management process?
performance measurements
The control process assumes that ________.
performance standards are already in place
Tim is a candidate for an automotive mechanic's position. He is asked to deconstruct and reconstruct part of an engine motor to demonstrate his skill. This is an example of a(n)
performance-simulation test
Which aspect of planning refers to documents that outline how results are to be achieved?
plans
________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people.
prejudice
THE ETHICS RECESSION (MB) What is the author's objection to emphasizing legal compliance (i.e. "if it ain't illegal, it must be ethical") in a culture?
rather than simply following legally enforceable rules, moral principle relies on adherence to the unenforceable
Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is attributed to organizational performance?
reduced costs associated with high turnover and absenteeism
An organization's financial, physical, human, and intangible assets are known as its
resources
A ________ strategy is used to deal with minor performance problems. It helps an organization stabilize operations, revitalize organizational resources and capabilities, and prepare to compete once again.
retrenchment
A team has been established to solve a problem with an industrial adhesive used by the firm. The three members are the installer, an engineer, and the sales representative for the adhesive manufacturer, but the team does not have a specific leader. This team can be called a ________ team.
self-managed
Which of the following was a feature of the period from the late 1980s to the late 1990s in terms of workplace diversity?
shifting from compliance and focusing only on women and minorities to including everyone
Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key ________.
situational factors for determining leader effectiveness
A ________ system rewards employees for the job competencies they demonstrate.
skill-based pay
Steve recommends that employees should be compensated according to their competencies, rather than their designations. Employees should be financially rewarded when they gain more knowledge and learn new processes that are relevant to the job, even if the employee is at a lower level. This implies that Steve favors a
skill-based pay system
SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS
social actions in response to some popular social need -pragmatic, means, responses, medium/short term
SOCIOECONOMIC VIEW
social responsibilities go beyond making profits - protecting/improving society's welfare (social responsiveness & social responsibility)
Discrimination refers to ________.
someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice
When uncertainty is high, plans should be ________ and ________.
specific; flexible
Tom's Welding has been supplying frames to the mobile home industry for many years. His business has remained steady despite the entry of other firms into the industry. Tom's is likely pursuing a ________ strategy.
stability
For a new project, Eldon forms a team of individuals from various functional departments. After a few days Eldon observes conflicts within the group over who will control it and what the group needs to be doing. This team is now in the ________ stage of group development.
storming
In an organization, the single independent businesses which formulate their own competitive strategies are known as
strategic business units
Most companies' goals can be classified as either ________ or ________
strategic; financial
Williamson is the owner of a small company that sells corporate gifts through an online store. Business has slowed down in recent months and he realizes that the organization must move in a different direction if it is to survive. He has reset some of the company's overall goals and wants to develop a plan to achieve those goals. He is anticipating the business environment to be volatile for next few years. Considering the above information, it can be determined that his plan must be ________, ________, and ________.
strategic; specific; flexible
The installation of the new equipment at Fred Fryer's Donuts, Inc., is an example of ________.
technological change
In workplace parlance, the term "glass ceiling" refers to ________.
the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions
Michelle is very concerned about the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated within her unit. This implies that she is concerned about
the organizational structure
A ________ helps employees whose personal lives suffer from a lack of planning to sort out their priorities
time management program
GLOBAL 100
top 100 most sustainable companies in the world
In which of the following traditional training methods are employees made to work at different jobs in a particular area in order to get exposure to a variety of tasks?
training by job rotation
Employers generally tend to view older workers as not being flexible or adaptable and being more resistant to new technology.
true
In the job setting, African Americans are found to receive lower job performance ratings, be paid less, and be promoted less frequently than their White counterparts.
true
NONPROGRAMMED DECISIONS - unstructured
unique non-reoccurring generate unique responses
All candidates for entry level engineering positions are given the mechanical aptitude test. Those who scored well and were hired later earned high scores on their performance evaluations. Those who scored less well and were hired earned lower scores on performance evaluations. This indicates that the test is ________.
valid
Which of the following is a technology-based training method?
videoconferencing/teleconferencing
Timeline of the Evolution of Workforce Diversity
- 1960s to 1970s - Early 1980s - Late 1980s - Late 1980s to Late 1990s - New Millennium
Forms of Discrimination
- Discriminatory Policies or Practices - Sexual Harassment - Intimidation - Mockery and Insults - Exclusion - Incivility
CHANGE CAPABLE ORGANIZATIONS
-******link present & future -make learning a way of life -actively support/encourage day-to-day improvements & change -ensure diverse/maverick teams -shelter breakthroughs -integrate technology -build/deepen trust**********
SOURCES OF INFORMATION (HOW WE MEASURE)
-Personal observation -Statistical reports -Oral reports -Written reports
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS THEORY (CAS)
-Study of complexity = how order emerges organically from interactions among actors -learning and transformation are key rather than knowledge and efficiency
3 SIMPLE THOUGHTS FOR LIFE
-be happy -do the right thing -have a good thing to say
SELF ORGANIZING SYSTEMS IN NATURE
-many agents -many interactions -decentralization -simple rules
Willard has been assigned to a project development team in addition to his regular duties as a quality engineer. During this assignment he will report to both the project manager and his quality department manager. This situation
violates unity of command
WHAT WERE THEY THINKING? What are the three people-centered strategic mistakes that companies often make?
1) Disregarding the feedback effects of decisions 2) Believing in and using overly simplistic models of people and organized behavior 3) Over-complicating reasonably straightforward issues
A SENSE OF URGENCY Which of the 4 tactics for creating a true sense of urgency reflect the lessons from Complex Adaptive Systems theory?
1) bring the outside in 2) BEHAVE WITH URGENCY EVERY DAY 3) find opportunity in crises 4) deal with the NoNos
organizational change
31. Being a manager, with no environmental uncertainty or threat of competitors' new products, would be relatively simple without
The ________ method utilizes feedback from supervisors, employees, and coworkers.
360-degree appraisal
19) ________ involves the theft of proprietary materials or trade secrets by any means.
A) Corporate espionage
10) ________ is a process of setting mutually-agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance.
A) Management by objectives
INDIVIDUAL DECISION STYLES
ANALYTICAL = rational, high tolerance for ambiguity CONCEPTUAL = intuitive, high tolerance for ambiguity DIRECTIVE = rational, low tolerance for ambiguity BEHAVIORAL = intuitive, low tolerance for ambiguity
unfreezing
According to Kurt Lewin, what is a stage in the change process?
restraining
According to Kurt Lewin, which of the following is not a stage in the change process?
stabilizes the new situation
According to Lewin, which of the following is the objective of refreezing?
behavioral
Acting a certain way is an example of what component of attitude?
Which of the following racial groups have been the focus of most race and ethnographic studies of workplace diversity in the United States?
African Americans and Whites
21) A ________ describes the rationale of how a company is going to make money.
B) business model
18) Which of the following is true of competitor intelligence as a means of environmental scanning?
C) Competitor intelligence is ethical if competitor-related information is collected from sources accessible and available to the public.
Which of the following is true of competitive intelligence as a means of environmental scanning?
Competitive intelligence is ethical if competitor-related information is collected from sources accessible and available to the public.
________ involves the theft of proprietary materials or trade secrets by any means.
Corporate espionage
2) When formal planning fails to lead to higher performance, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for the failure?
D) Constraints of the external environment.
the white-water rapids metaphor
"If it's not one thing it's another." This is an example of:
cognitive
"This is the best way to reach the place"
Discriminatory Policies or Practices
(Forms of Discrimination) Actions taken by representatives of the organization that deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance Ex) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits
Incivility
(Forms of Discrimination) Disrespectful treatment, including behaving in an aggressive manner, interrupting the person, or ignoring his or her opinions Ex) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address their comments
Exclusion
(Forms of Discrimination) Exclusion of certain people from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring; can occur unintentionally Ex) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion
Mockery and Insults
(Forms of Discrimination) Jokes or negative stereotypes; sometimes the result of jokes taken too far Ex) Arab Americans have been asked at work whether they were carrying bombs or were members of terrorist organizations
Intimidation
(Forms of Discrimination) Overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees Ex) African American employees at some companies have found nooses hanging over their work stations
Sexual Harassment
(Forms of Discrimination) Unwanted sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create a hostile or offensive work environment Ex) Salespeople at one company went on company-paid visits to strip clubs, brought strippers into the office to celebrate promotions, and fostered pervasive sexual rumors
Late 1980s
(Timeline - Evolution of WF Diversity) Concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business survival: - Publication of Workforce 2000 opened business leaders' eyes about the future composition of workforce-that is, more diverse; first use of term workforce diversity
Early 1980s
(Timeline - Evolution of WF Diversity) Focus on assimilating minorities and women into corporate setting: - Corporate programs developed to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse individuals so they can "fit in"
1960s to 1970s
(Timeline - Evolution of WF Diversity) Focus on complying with laws and regulations: - Title VII of Civil Rights Act; Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; affirmative action policies and programs
New Millennium
(Timeline - Evolution of WF Diversity) Focus on diversity and inclusion for business success: - Workforce diversity seen as core business issue; important to achieve business success, profitability, and growth
Late 1980s to Late 1990s
(Timeline - Evolution of WF Diversity) Focus on fostering sensitivity: - Shift from compliance and focussing only on women and minorities to including everyone; making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others
SHADES OF GREEN
--light green = legal approach - simply doing what is legally required (low environmental sensitivity) --market approach - sensitive to environmental issues due to the environmental preferences of customers --stakeholder approach - works to meet environmental demands of several stakeholders (employees/suppliers/community) --dark green = activist approach - pursues ways to protect the earth's natural resources (high environmental sensitivity)
TRUST
-A positive expectation that another will not act opportunistically -Involves familiarity -Impossible to lead people who don't trust you -Governs leader's access to information, cooperation -Survey: less than 50% of employees trusted senior managers
OPEN SYSTEM
-Coordination of parts essential for proper functioning of organization -Decisions and actions taken in one area effect others -Organizations must adapt to changes in their external environment.
TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGE = REVOLUTIONARY
-Discontinuous, episodic -Strategically focused on entire system -Leadership must come from the top
PERSONNEL CONTROL
-Employee Control Steps
BALANCED SCOREBOARD
-Financial -Customer -Internal Business Processes -Learning & Growth
TRANSACTIONAL CHANGE = EVOLUTIONARY
-Gradual, continuous process -Operationally focused on only a portion of the system -Leadership can come from anywhere
MORAL JUDGEMENT/INTENT
-INTERNAL FOCUS = preconventional - impact on me/my family -EXTERNAL FOCUS = conventional - alignment of other's expectations of me/community norms -INTEGRATED FOCUS = principled - alignment with internal set of values/beliefs of justice/equity
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
-Identify problem -identify decision criteria -allocation of weight criteria -alternatives -analysis of alternatives -selection of alternative -implementation of alternative
GOOD STRUCTURAL DESIGN
-Incentives for ethical behavior -Disincentives for unethical behavior -Watch pay structures and performance evaluation
COMPONENTS OF TRUST
-Integrity (most critical) - honesty, truthfulness -Competence - technical, knowledge, skills -Consistency - reliability, predictability, good judgment -Loyalty - protect, save face for other person - physically/emotionally -Openness - willingness to be vulnerable - share ideas/open
REDUCE STRESS
-Match employees' knowledge, skills, abilities to jobs' requirements Use realistic job interviews to reduce ambiguity/manage expectations Improve organizational communications Develop a performance planning program Use job redesign Provide a counseling program Offer time management assistance Sponsor wellness programs SATISFY EMPLOYEES NEEDS FOR -truth - through trust -beauty - through creativity and productivity -goodness - throught truth and beauty in human conduct -unity - through individual uniqueness, usefulness, understanding, part of something bigger than ourselves
GOOD CULTURAL DESIGN
-Minimizes ambiguity and uncertainty -Fosters respectful, trusting relationships -Managers walk the talk -Intrinsically motivating (part of worthwhile, high-quality company)
CONTROL IS IMPORTANT
-PLANNING are goals/plans on target? what actions are needed to adjust them? -SHAPING BEHAVIOR accountability motivation -PROTECTION financial and physical security
SUSTAINING CHANGE
-Repeat compelling reason for change -Continuously communicate openly, honestly -Use participation to foster commitment -Consistency and perseverance -*****Track progress, using data and celebrate achievements***** -Provide feedback on behaviors/ competencies -Reward flexibility, adaptability -Remove those who continue to resist or cannot change
RIGHTS
-Respecting/protecting individual rights (privacy, free speech, due process. etc) while imposing corresponding duties -Can conflict with laws that give rights to some, deny them to others (immigration) -Can focus too much on what is due the individual to the detriment of the group -Can hinder efficiency/productivity
5 HABITS OF HIGHLY RELIABLE ORGANIZATION
1) not tricked by success 2) defer to front line experts 3) let unexpected circumstances provide the solution 4) embrace complexity 5) anticipate (successes as well as failures)
STAGE OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
1) pre-conventional level - choice between right & wrong is based on consequences from outside sources (punishment/reward system) 2) conventional level - maintaining expected standards, living up to expectations of others 3) principled level - individuals define own moral values apart from authority of groups to which they belong/society in general
EMPLOYEE DISCIPLINE PROCESS
1) verbal warning 2) written/counseling 3) suspension/termination
structural change
A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing:
employee productivity
A performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees.
Which of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees?
A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance
self-monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors.
What is a difference between a policy and a rule?
A policy establishes general parameters for the decision maker.
31) ________ strategies address declining performance through retrenchment and turnaround strategies.
A) Renewal
37) ________ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others in the organization to initiate changes that will create a viable and valuable future for the organization.
A) Strategic leadership
33) In the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a business unit that has a low anticipated growth rate but a high market share is known as a ________.
A) cash cow
16) A manager's analysis of the external environment can be improved by ________, which involves screening information to detect emerging trends.
A) environmental scanning
40) An organization that initially brings a product innovation to the market is known as the ________.
A) first mover
28) Lower-level managers are responsible for ________ strategies
A) functional
35) A cost leadership strategy requires a firm to ________.
A) maintain the lowest cost structure
13) A ________ is a broad statement of an organization's purpose that provides an overall guide to what organizational members think is important.
A) mission
4) Which of the following is the best indicator of an organization's real goals?
A) organizational members' actions
25) An organization's financial, physical, human, and intangible assets are known as its ________.
A) resources
14) When uncertainty is high, plans should be ________ and ________.
A) specific; flexible
________ ratios measure how efficiently the firm is using its assets.
ACTIVITY
WRITTEN REPORTS
ADVANTAGES -comprehensive -formal -easy to file and retrieve DISADVANTAGES -takes more time to prepare
STATISTICAL REPORTS
ADVANTAGES -easy to visualize -effective for showing relationships DISADVANTAGES -limited information -ignores subjective factors
ORAL REPORTS
ADVANTAGES -fast way to get information -allows for verbal and nonverbal feedback DISADVANTAGES -filtered information -information can't be documented
PERSONAL OBSERVATION
ADVANTAGES -firsthand knowledge -information is NOT filtered -intensive coverage of work activities DISADVANTAGES -biased -time-consuming -obtrusive
DIRECTIVE - rational, low tolerance for ambiguity -efficient/logical -make decisions fast -use minimal information -assess few alternatives -focus on short term
ANALYTIC - rational, high tolerance for ambiguity -careful decision makers -able to adapt/cope to new situations -can take too long to make decisions
The ________ happens when decisions makers tend to remember events that are the most recent and vivid in their memory.
AVAILABILITY BIAS
LEADERSHIP
Ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals
unfreezing
According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces is a means of:
unfreezing
According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces, which direct behavior away from the status quo, is a means of doing which of the following?
Which of the following statements is true of the findings of studies on race and ethnicity in the workplace?
African Americans generally do worse than Whites in decisions related to the workplace.
Amanda works as a technical support executive at ColoWare Systems. Which of the following factors, if true, could trigger certain stereotypes about Amanda among her co-workers, though not necessarily reflecting the way they feel or think about her?
Amanda has a Swedish mother and an African American father.
Which of the following organizations is best suited to promote ethical behavior in its employees?
An organization that has formal rules and regulations in place.
38) How can a cost leader use e-business to reduce costs?
D) It could use Web-based inventory control systems that reduce storage costs.
3) Goals are different from plans because ________.
D) goals are desired outcomes, and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished
24) A study of the external environment allows a manager to understand the ________ and ________ for the organization.
D) opportunities; threats
32) A ________ strategy is used to deal with minor performance problems. It helps an organization stabilize operations, revitalize organizational resources and capabilities, and prepare to compete once again.
D) retrenchment
12) Which is the first step managers should follow in goal setting?
D) reviewing the organization's mission
7) Long-term plans are defined as those with a time frame beyond ________.
D) three years
Amanda, a single parent, is looking for a new job. Considering that she has two school-going children, she is particularly keen on finding an employer who can provide her with alternative work arrangements such as flexible work hours and telecommuting. In terms of the decision-making process, these represent Amanda's ________.
DECISION CRITERIA
Sue works in the finance department of a large multinational corporation. Her manager has asked her to submit a detailed report on the department's quarterly expenses within the next two days. Being pressed for time, Sue identifies three courses of action that could help her accomplish her task-she can stretch her working hours till she finishes the report, she can ask her colleague to chip in, or she could ask her manager for additional time. Which stage is Sue at in the decision-making process?
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES
Employers are justified if they do not hire workers with disabilities as they lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts.
False
Men are found to follow a nurturing, inclusive, and collaborative style of leadership, in contrast to women.
False
Men are more likely than women to start out in an entry-level position, even when they have the same educational qualifications.
False
Research indicates that men tend to prefer jobs that encourage work-life balance more than women do.
False
Workplace diversity refers exclusively to the differences between employee characteristics
False
internal force of change
First, he was all about innovation. Next it was efficiency. Now Snyder's strategy is customer responsiveness. These changes in strategy are indicative of:
Which of the following statements is true of planning in dynamic environments?
Flatter organizational hierarchies are necessary for planning in uncertain environments
BOUNDED RATIONALITY
Focus on few essential features of problem Satisfice: accepting solutions that are "good enough"
THE ETHICS RECESSION (MB) What type of values should be the focus of a high-integrity culture?
Focus on intrinsic rather than instrumental values. Emphasize basic values such as respect, fairness, and truth
CARING
Focus on well being of others, identifying actual or potential harm to others and to relationships Can be insular, ignoring impact of actions outside group Requires prioritization of relationships, so can be biased, partial, lead to inequities between groups
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP THEORY
Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when observe certain behaviors -Clearly articulated vision -Personal risk -Environmental sensitivity (needs and constraints) -Sensitivity to follower needs -Unconventional behavior Correlation between charismatic leadership and high performance and satisfaction among followers
POLICY
General guideline for making a decision about a structured problem
cost efficient
Global economic pressures force organizations to become more
EXTERNAL CONTROLS
Governmental monitoring -Industry-specific reporting requirements Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) -Publicly traded companies only -Increased reporting/control requirements imposed by Sarbanes-Oxley Act Banks/Lenders/Investors
Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are known as ________.
HEURISTICS
Martie had arranged for a high-profile speaker to deliver the keynote address at her college's annual function. However, due to unforeseen circumstances, the speaker was forced to drop out at the last moment. Martie reacts to this news by saying, "I knew all along that this would happen." This is an example of the ________.
HINDSIGHT BIAS
Alex Johnson was classified as an achievement oriented leader by his team. Which of the following would describe Johnson's leadership style best?
He sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level.
Sam, a human resources manager, wants to let potential candidates know about the minimum qualifications that they should possess in order to successfully perform the jobs they have applied for. What should he do?
He should create a job specification.
MORAL BEHAVIOR
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS -Values & Personality - play a role in determining whether a person behaves ethically -Ego Strength & Locus of Control - influence an individual's actions according to his/her beliefs about what is right or wrong -Risk Sensitivity -Blind to Incrementalism
________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work method.
INNOVATION
ORGANIZATION AS AN OPEN SYSTEM
INPUTS -raw materials -human resources -capital -technology -information TRANSFORMATION PROCESS -employees' work activities -management activities -Technology/Operations Methods OUTPUTS -Products & Services -Financial Results Information -Human Results
It is assumed that a rational decision maker ________
IS FULLY OBJECTIVE AND LOGICAL
CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Identifying ways to improve quality of work processes, products, services Ongoing process "sharpen the saw" Highly participative Focused on fixing processes/ systems, not people
high self-esteem
If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having:
What Creates Dependency?
Importance of the resource Scarcity of the resource Non-substitutability of the resource
Change agents
In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ______________.
affective
In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5pm. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7pm to go home. The word "scary" represents which component of attitude?
a continual process
In the white-water rapids metaphor, change is a natural state, and managing change is _____________.
workforce
Increasing the numbers of employed women and minorities forces managers to pay attention to what change factor?
attitudes, learning, and motivation
Individual behavior in organizations includes:
Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of individual decision making over group decision making?
Individual decisions are made faster than group decisions
________ is measured by the costs of acquiring and transforming organizational resources into outputs.
Input
negotiation
Involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.
How can an organization develop strategic flexibility?
It should have multiple alternatives when making strategic decisions.
A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this
It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative.
A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this?
It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal for U.S. firms to ________.
KNOWINGLY CORRUPT A FOREIGN OFFICIAL
The idea that businesses should eliminate discrimination in respect to employment and occupation is a Global Compact principle in the area of ________.
LABOR STANDARDS
Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates have for their leader.
LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONS
LEADERSHIP VS. MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP -innovate/develop -inspire -long-term view -ask what and why -challenge the status quo -originate MANAGEMENT -administer -maintain control -short-term view -ask how and when -accept status quo -imitate
SLT
LEADERSHIP STYLE -S4 - DELEGATING - low relationship, low task - leader provides little direction or support -S3 - PARTICIPATING - high relationship, low task - leader & followers share in decision making - facilitate and communicate - support -S2 - SELLING - high relationship, high task - provide both directive and supportive behavior -S1 - TELLING - low relationship, high task - leader defines roles - tells people what/how/when/where to do various tasks FOLLOWER READINESS -R4 - (high) - willing and able -R3 - (moderate) - unwilling and able -R2 - (moderate) - willing and unable -R1 - (low) - unwilling and unable
PATH GOAL
Leader's job is to assist followers in attaining their goals and ensure their goals are compatible with organization's -Like SLT, leaders use different styles depending on needs of follower, but also reflects situational variables -More useful as a research tool than for application to leadership practice
THE ETHICS RECESSION (MB) Who needs to be responsible for bringing the organization's stated culture into alignment with the practiced culture?
Leaders - make ethics the responsibility of everyone
"calm waters"
Lewin's theory is consistent with which view of organizational change?
UNCERTAINTY
Limited information prevents estimation of outcome probabilities -may force managers to rely on gut feelings, intuitions, hunches
In the ________ approach of going green, organizations respond to the environmental preferences of customers
MARKET
ONE MINUTE MANAGER How do one-minute reprimands compare to the redirect presented in the Whale Done video?
MB
ONE MINUTE MANAGER How do the three strategies discussed compare to the employee control steps
MB
Wayne hosts his first regional sales meeting. During which he meets individually with his employees and shows them a chart of their sales numbers for each month compared to their budgeted quota for the year to date. Additionally, Wayne and each employee set mutually agreed-upon budget goals for the remaining six months of the fiscal year. Wade is utilizing the ________ method of performance appraisal.
MBO
________ is when a manager in the work area interacts directly with employees to maintain supervision.
Management by walking around
cognitive dissonance
Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as:
A ________ is a broad statement of an organization's purpose that provides an overall guide to what organizational members think is important
Mission
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERS
Motivate followers by CLARIFYING ROLE/TASK REQUIREMENTS Previous theories involved transactional leaders Lead primarily by using social exchanges (transactions) guide/motivate followers to work toward established goals by exchanging rewards for their productivity
Michelle eventually finds a problem that has no cut-and-dry solution. The problem is unique and is unlikely to occur again. This problem is ________ in nature.
NON-PROGRAMMED
the white-water rapids methaphor
New Ideas, Inc. focuses on new ideas and uses technology that changes frequently. This describes:
Which of the following statements is true of gender diversity in workplaces?
No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
OVERT/IMMEDIATE - voicing complains, engaging in job actions IMPLICIT/DEFERRED - loss of employee loyalty/motivation, increased errors/mistakes, increased absenteeism - much harder to manage
FRAMEWORK ROTARY 4-WAY TEST
Of the things we think, say or do: Is it the TRUTH? Is it FAIR to all concerned? Will it build GOODWILL and BETTER FRIENDSHIPS? Will it be BENEFICIAL to all concerned?"
occasional; continuous
One of the primary views of the change process is ______________, while the other view is ______________.
________ planning dominates managers' planning efforts at lower levels of the organization.
Organizational
TRUE
Organizational citizenship behavior is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements.
is the process of introducing a new employee to his/her job and the organization.
Orientation
At Falcons Inc., Jeremy is the head of the marketing department. However, he is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own. He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible. He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them. Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which of the following?
PARTICIPATING
If Kraft Foods hired a consultant to decrease group friction and enhance cooperative work relationships, this would be an example of managing ________ changes.
PEOPLE
For ________, there must be uncertainty over the outcome, and the outcome must be important.
POTENTIAL STRESS TO BECOME ACTUAL STRESS
In which of the stages of moral development do individuals stick to rules to avoid physical punishment and follow rules only when doing so is in their immediate interest?
PRECONVENTIONAL STAGE
Colleen needs a vehicle, but she has to decide if the vehicle is worth repairing. She is facing a(n) ________ that is a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs.
PROBLEM
Structured problems align well with which type of decisions?
PROGRAMMED
Which of the following trends has been observed in the world population in terms of aging?
People aged 65 and older will soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history.
________ involves defining the organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities.
Planning
Kevin Jones is a financial analyst who provides consulting services. Kevin considers the acid test ratio to be a better measure of liquidity than the current ratio, for a pharmaceutical company. This conclusion rests on which of the following assumptions?
The company has high inventories and a low inventory turnover ratio.
cognitive
The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions:
affective
The component of attitude that includes emotions:
organizational commitment
The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization:
job involvement
The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to:
Turnover is high among new hires at Stewart's company. At one exit interview, Stewart asked the departing new hire why she was leaving so soon. Which of the following statements is the most likely response?
The higher level employees repeatedly overemphasize the company's positive points while interviewing candidates.
technological change
The installation of the new equipment at Fred Fryer's Donuts, Inc. is an example of:
Which of the following correctly reflects the characteristics of the current U.S. population?
The median age of the U.S. population has risen significantly over the last decade
perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.
norms, roles, and leadership
The study of group behavior includes the study of:
Theodore Roosevelt once said "The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it." Which of the following, if true, would be consistent with this approach?
The subordinates are experienced and independent.
When Beverly administers the math test to accounting clerk candidates, the average score is 65%. But when Carol administers the same test, the score average is 83%. What does this indicate about the test?
The test is unreliable.
d. preparing for the needed change
The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ______________.
Unit-32 conducts functional testing and quality analysis of the air-conditioners. Valerie decides to measure the performance of workers of Unit-32 by personally observing them. Which of the following additional pieces of information would offer most support to her decision to use personal observation?
The unit's tasks are considered complex and require an intensive coverage of work activities when measuring performance.
Helen, the owner of Crazy Cupcakes, is conducting a SWOT analysis of her company. Which of the following represents an opportunity for expansion?
There has been a trend toward personalized cupcakes for a variety of occasions.
Lulumelon owns a chain of fashion stores that serve men, women, and children clothing categories. Jay, a motor accident victim with an amputated leg, applies for a position at one of the stores in an upmarket location. Which of the following assumptions by Lulumelon would prevent them from hiring him?
There is no set of guidelines on how to take any potential disciplinary action with disabled employees.
When Alan Jackman got promoted as the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him. Which of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory?
There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.
both trait and behavior theories are inneffective because...
They lack the other two circles of FOLLOWERS & SITUATION
How can managers effectively plan when the external environment is continually changing?
They should be ready to change directions if environmental conditions warrant
Which of the following is true of the traditional approach to planning?
This approach makes managerial planning thorough, systematic, and coordinated
A student who never considers breaking into an instructor's office to steal an accounting exam didn't think twice about asking a friend who took the same course from the same instructor last semester what questions were on the exam. What does this example illustrate?
This example illustrates the concept of issue intensity.
cognitive, affective, and behavioral
Three components that make up attitude:
Which of the following would be a well-written goal for an online retailer operating in a volatile business environment?
To invoice merchandise worth $200,000, every month, for the next three years.
Demographic characteristics such as differences in age, gender, race, etc. reflect surface-level diversity among employees
True
Our human nature is to not accept or approach anything that's different from us.
True
The main reason for the predicted stabilization of world population growth by 2050 is the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically.
True
INTUITIVE DECISION MAKING
Unconscious process Uses experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's goals?
Using a single goal such as profit may result in unethical behaviors by employees
INTERACTION FRAMEWORK
VENN DIAGRAM LEADER -personality -position -expertise SITUATION -stress -task -environment FOLLOWER -values -norms -cohesiveness
MORAL AWARENESS
VIOLATION OF A BEHAVIORAL NORM -motive (accidental vs. intentional) -strength (consensus vs. personal) -relevance (observer vs. violator) HARM -nature (financial, physical, psychological, etc) -level (individual, group, societal) -strength (magnitude of impact) -time frame (potential, realized) -status (adult, child, protected group)
Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________.
WHISTLE BLOWERS
COMMON GOOD
We are all members of same community Focus on making social systems/ policies beneficial to all Recognize and further common goals
strategy
What change factor did Steve Bennett address in his turnaround of Intuit, Inc?
new and novel ... now
What is an emerging and evolving consumer trend that Hallmark identified?
irritability
What is an example of a psychological symptom of stress?
technological change
When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information, they are adopting:
Which of the following is one of the reasons why managers should plan?
When work activities are coordinated around plans, inefficiencies become obvious
workforce
Which of the following is not an external force of change?
technology
Which of the following is not an internal force of change?
Culture tends to be very resistant to change.
Which of the following represents the relationship between organizational culture and change?
facilitation and support
Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, short paid leave of absence.
FRAMEWORK (BRADSTREET & DUNN)
Why is this bothering me? Am I genuinely perplexed? Am I afraid to do what I know is right? Who else matters? Implications for customers, peers shareholders? How does the problem appear from the other side? Is it my responsibility? What will happen if I do/ don't act? What is the ethical concern? Legal obligation? Honesty, fairness, promise-keeping, avoiding harm? Whom can give me advice? Supervisor, peers, HR, legal, ethics hot line? Am I being true to myself? Consistency with my values and personal commitments? With company values? Can I share my decision with family, colleagues, customers? Can I see my decision on the front page of the newspaper?
A SENSE OF URGENCY If a company fails to instill a sense of urgency, what are the consequences?
Without a sense of urgency, either COMPLACENCY (the product of success or perceived success) or a FALSE SENSE OF URGENCY (thinking that frenzied activity alone can produce success) give people enough sense of security to believe that the organization will survive and be able to address any real threat
In which of the following areas are consistent male-female differences observed?
Work schedule preferences
Inclusive
________ is a managerial style that is traditionally considered to be feminine.
Job redesigns
_______________ that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain social support have been found to lessen stress.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
a business's intention beyond legal/economic obligations, to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society -ethical, ends, obligation, long term
AI Rubber is one of four suppliers of molded rubber products and has a 45% market share. The market for its products is shrinking. AI Rubber is part of a larger corporation that includes a total of seven different companies. In the BCG matrix, AI Rubber would be considered
a cash cow
Marcus was asked to represent the cardiac unit as part of a Total Quality Management (TQM) initiative that is aimed at improving the overall quality of care at his hospital. Other departments, such as orthopedics, neurology, oncology, and pediatrics also have representatives on this team. This TQM team is an example of
a cross-functional team
INNOVATION
a new idea applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service
LOCUS OF CONTROL
a personality attribute that measure the degree to which people believe they control their own fate
EGO STRENGTH
a personality measure of the strength of a person's convictions
Which of the following is an example of a single-use plan?
a plan developed to install a new computer network
Bill manages the quality department. His people check parts made by the production departments to assure all specifications are met. Bill is
a staff manager
Strato Engineering, a technology product company, formed a team to develop the next generation of the company's model CVF-D. The team is composed of employees from various functional areas. This is a ________ team.
cross-functional
It is Black Friday. Several people are waiting outside the popular electronics store for someone to unlock the doors. These people constitute a(n) _
crowd
What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization where different public service responsibilities are divided into activities for employees, children, and the disabled?
customer departmentalization
Which of the following traditional organizational designs focuses on results by holding division managers responsible for what happens to their products and services?
divisional structure
Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that people aged 65 or more will soon outnumber those aged 5 or less. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends?
dwindling labor supply
Jeff is an employee with the accounting department at a major shipping service provider in Texas. Soon after he joined following his graduation, his company developed corporate programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse employees so they could "fit in." During which period of time did Jeff start working for his employers?
early 1980's
Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation?
education & communication
The final step in the strategic management process allows an organization to understand the
effectiveness of the strategies used
To help survivors of downsizing cope with the stress, managers provide
employee counseling
Gareth is in charge of recruiting at Eowin Systems, and is expected to enhance the diversity of the workforce. Which of the following recruiting sources should Gareth avoid if he is to achieve the stated aim of a more diverse workforce?
employee referrals
SOCIAL OBLIGATION
engaging in social actions because of its obligation to meet certain economic & legal responsibilities. -do what is necessary, and nothing more = CLASSICAL VIEW OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY = management's only social responsibility is to maximize profits
A manager's analysis of the external environment can be improved by ________, which involves screening information to detect emerging trends
environmental scanning
STRUCTURED PROBLEMS
have clear goals familiar (have occurred before) information about problem is clearly defined and available and complete
The fact that Monica's signature is required on all documents and her word is the last word on all decisions relating to her department suggests that
her employer has a centralized structure
WHAT WERE THEY THINKING? Why does a culture of not admitting mistakes create a problem for companies?
lack of basic influencing traits and relationship-strengthening behaviors - leads to failure of organization/company
The ________ stage of group development is complete when the group structure solidifies and the group has assimilated a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior
norming
The ________ stage of group development is complete when the group structure solidifies and the group has assimilated a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior.
norming
The ________ stage of the group development process is one in which close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive.
norming
Plans that encompass only the production or the sales goals of a company are termed ________ plans
operational
Which of the following steps in human resource management helps retain competent and high-performing employees?
performance management
If a bank estimates the capabilities of its employees who provide customer service prior to implementing a new training program designed to change their method of providing customer service, it is
performing an internal analysis
Which of the following sources of information for measuring performance has the disadvantage of being subject to personal biases, and is time consuming and obtrusive?
personal observations
Differences arising from which of the following factors becomes more important to people as they get to know each other?
personality
ETHICS
principles, values, and beliefs that define what is right and what is wrong behavior
The group could not agree on what needed to be done. Some thought they were to research and present data; others thought they were to make recommendations. This is an example of ________ conflict.
process
Which of the following is the best description of the provisions of the Civil Rights Act, Title VII?
prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
PROGRAMMED DECISION - well structured
repetitive decision can be handled by routine approach
Which of the following is the first step in a diversity skills training program
resistant to new technology
What is a strategic disadvantage of being a first mover?
risk of competitors imitating innovations
Operational plans are usually ________
short term, specific, and standing
Large organizations tend to have more ________ than smaller organizations.
specialization
As the number of employees in an organization grows, structure tends to become more
specialized
In the beginning, all employees at Tom's Welding performed whatever task was needed. Now the employees have gravitated to specific sets of tasks. Some use only stick welders; some weld only on aluminum. We can infer that as his business has grown, it has become more
specialized
________ plans are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation
specific
According to Lewin, which of the following is the objective of refreezing?
stabilizing the new situation
In the BCG matrix, a ________ enjoys a high anticipated growth rate and a high market share.
star
An organization's ________ goals are official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its stakeholders to believe its goals are
stated
She was the matriarch of the department, the most senior employee. She always sat immediately to the right of the manager in all department managers. No one dared take her chair. That chair was a symbol of her
status
Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is known as ________.
stereotyping
If Kelly were to consider enhancing productivity by giving greater authority to other technicians and increasing formalization, she would be considering ________ changes.
structural
According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group.
substantial conflict
Every summer ABC Corp. hosts a picnic for employees and their families. The group that plans and makes all the arrangements for this event would be called a
task group
Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?
task structure and leader-member relations
Larry is in charge of recruitment for entry-level positions at Merlin Infosystems. He believes that job interviews should include a realistic job preview. Which of the following is Larry likely to do during job interviews?
tell the employee about possible overtime
Eric works with a team that includes production workers as well as marketing specialists to design the latest products the company was planning to offer. This implies
that Eric is a part of a cross-functional team
The meaning of "glass" that is used in the term "glass ceiling" signifies ________.
that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not immediately apparent
When making editorial decisions for his newspaper, the owner/editor mostly picks issues that are in line with his political beliefs and those that his advertisers approve of despite his publicly stated goal "to be a champion for free speech and for the development of the community." This indicates that ________.
the company's stated goals are not its real goals
Managers could choose to do nothing when ________
the difference between actual performance and standard performance is low and acceptable
When the price of beef skyrockets, consumers switch to pork and chicken. This demonstrates
the threat of substitutes
The comparing step in the control process determines ________
the variation between actual performance and the standard
The comparing step in the control process determines ________.
the variation between actual performance and the standard
Which of the following is most likely to be included in family-friendly benefits provided by organizations?
time off for school functions
When a member offers an "off-the-wall" solution to a team problem, Edwin has to contend with what cultural variable?
tolerance with the impractical
The ________ view of conflict management argues that conflicts must be avoided as it indicates a problem within the group.
traditional
One of the strategic benefits of workplace diversity is that it can be viewed as moral and ethical, as well as the "right" thing to do.
true
The main reason for the predicted stabilization of world population growth by 2050 is the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically.
true
U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation.
true
Women and men now each make up almost half of the workforce in the United States.
true
BENCHMARKING
using companies as a standard for excellence - prototype for your company
________ plans apply to the entire organization and establish the organization's overall goals.
Strategic
physical, psychological, and behavioral
Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of:
What positive perception do employers typically have of older employees?
Strong work ethic
Which of the following methods of performance appraisal allows the evaluator to focus on vital behaviors that separate effective work performance from ineffective work performance?
critical incident
WHAT CAUSES STRESS?
-Role Conflicts - work expectations that are hard to satisfy. -Role Overload - having more work to accomplish than time permits. -Role Ambiguity - when role expectations are not clearly understood -Personal Factors - Type A personality - people who have a chronic sense of urgency and an excessive competitive drive (as opposed to Type B personality - people who are relaxed and easygoing and accept change easily) symptoms of stress = -physical - changes in metabolism, heart rate, breathing rate, headaches, blood pressure, etc. -psychological - tension, anxiety, boredom, procrastination, irritability -behavioral - absenteeism, changes in eating/sleeping habits, alcohol consumption, speech, fidgeting, sleep disorders
CONCURRENT = (processes) = corrects problems as they happen
-communicate cost of stealing -treat employees with respect/dignity -use video surveillance -security
OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
-facilitation/support -employee selection -manipulation/coercion -participation/negotiation -communication/education
SOURCES OF INDIVIDUAL RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
-habit -security -economic -fear of unknown -selective information processing
TEAM OF RIVALS What does the author state are the essential qualities of a successful leader?
-have to surround yourself with people who challenge you/people with differing opinions -have to figure out how to share credit for your success with your inner team - so that they feel a part of a mission -know how to connect to the larger public (radio or speeches) -need to know how to relax so that you can replenish your energies for the struggles facing you tomorrow**
DECISION MAKING ERRORS/BIASES
-hindsight -overconfidence -immediate gratification -anchoring effect -confirmation -selective perception -framing -availability -representation -randomness -sunk costs -self-serving
CONVENTIONAL
-living up to what is expected by people close to you -maintaining conventional order by fulfilling obligations to which you have agreed
MANAGE EXPECTATIONS
-mistakes will happen - Learn from them! -work/train on the fundamentals - master the basics of your profession -set the bar high, and keep pushing forward
ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON DECISION MAKERS
-performance evaluation -reward systems -policies/regulations -time constraints (budgets) -historical precedents - ghosts that haunt current choices -anti-precedents - never been done before
MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
-planning -leading -controlling -organizing
ISSUE INTENSITY
-proximity to victims (how close are the victims to getting hurt) -probability of harm -immediacy of consequences -concentration of effect ( -greatness of harm (how many people will be harmed?) -consensus of wrong (would most ppl agree that this is wrong)
WHAT WERE THEY THINKING? What does the author see as a consequence of high executive pay?
-public outcry over huge bonuses -overpaying - face negative media coverage and increased scrutiny -underpaying - miss out on top talent who would ultimately grow the business
ADVANTAGES OF CAS
-robustness - persistance through uncertainty -error tolerance -self-repair -ease of implementation -simple agents
"WHITE WATER RAPIDS SIMILE"
-stability and predictability DO NOT exist -face constant change - bordering on chaos -requires flexibility, quick response to changing conditions, comfort with ambiguity
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE ETHICAL BEHAVIOR & UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
-stage of moral development -individual characteristics -organization's structural design -organization's culture -intensity of ethical issue --> ethical/unethical behavior
-PRECONVENTIONAL
-sticking to rules to avoid physical punishment -following rules only when doing so is in my immediate interest
INTUITION
-subconscious mental processing -decisions based on past experiences -values/ethics based decisions -affect-initiated decisions (based on feelings/emotions) -cognitive based decisions (based on skills/knowledge/training)
SOURCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
-threat to expertise -group inertia -limited focus of change -structural inertia -threat to established resource allocations -threat to established power relationships
PRINCIPLED
-valuing rights of others and upholding absolute values/rights regardless of the majority's opinion -following self-chosen ethical principles even if they violate the law
PEOPLE WILL BE WHAT THEY CAN SEE - Robert Kopsef
-who have I reached to back at home? - inspired, who wants to be in my shoes? -mentorship is an active, two-way street -your legacy depends on your investment in PEOPLE -social, spiritual (what drives me spiritually- family), physical, mental, emotional, family -feedback is critical at all times -you have all been blessed in some way - give back to your community at every chance -Find a balance in all things - work/family/friends/community/fun
6 CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKING PROCESS
1) focuses on what is important 2) logical and consistent 3) acknowledges subjective and objective thinking - blends analytical with intuitive 4) straightforward, reliable, flexible, easy to use 5) Requires only as much information and analysis as is necessary to resolve a particular dilemma 6) Encourages and guides gathering of relevant information and informed opinion
TYPES OF WORKPLACE MONITORING
1) internet 2) telephone 3) e-mail 4) computer files 5) video cameras - job performance 6) phone conversations 7) voice mail messages
EFFECTIVE LEADERS
1) lead by example and role modeling -provide inspiration 2) mentorship and leader development -long term, demonstrate real concern 3) replicate the success - stories/vision/social media -reduce complexity to simplicity
CONTROL PROCESS (3 STEPS)
1) measuring actual performance 2) compare actual performance against performance standards 3) taking managerial action -do nothing -correct performance -revise standards
An important impact that workplace diversity has on organizational performance is through the increase in employee turnover.
False
Which of the following examples reflects a socially responsible action by an organization?
Apple has eliminated lead-lined glass monitors from its product line and pioneered reduced-sized packaging that leverages recyclable materials.
Computer peripherals provider Ascent plans to enter a new market in another country. Which of the following represents a threat for Ascent?
Ascent will have to plan its entry carefully as the laws in the country do not favor foreign businesses.
replace human labor with robots
Assembly-line technology is changing dramatically as organizations
CONTINGENCY THEORIES (1970's)
Attempted to isolate situational conditions/ follower characteristics and link to leadership style Focus on two theories -Situational leadership model (SLT) -Path-goal
17) ________ refers to gathering information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them.
B) Competitor intelligence
39) A ________ firm uses both online and traditional stand-alone locations.
B) clicks-and-bricks
27) Top-level managers are responsible for ________ strategies.
B) corporate
36) A company that competes by offering unique products that are widely valued by customers is following a ________.
B) differentiation strategy
29) What are the three main types of corporate strategies?
B) growth, stability, and renewal
30) In ________, a company grows by combining with competitors.
B) horizontal integration
8) Short-term plans are those covering ________ or less.
B) one year
11) Which of the following is one of the elements of a management by objectives (MBO) program?
B) participative decision making
6) Operational plans are usually ________.
B) short term, specific, and standing
34) In an organization, the single independent businesses which formulate their own competitive strategies are known as ________.
B) strategic business units
23) Managers do an external analysis so that they know about ________.
B) what the competition is doing
22) Defining the organizational mission forces managers to identify ________.
B) what the organization is in business to do
CONCEPTUAL - intuitive, high tolerance for ambiguity -broad outlook -considers many alternatives -creative -can take too long to make decisions
BEHAVIORAL - intuitive, low tolerance for ambiguity -work well with others -May not pick best alternative for company in order to pick best alternative for avoiding conflict/pleasing others
A U.S. business that provides on-site childcare facilities for employees is ________.
BEING SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE
Toby is hunting for a new apartment. He is specifically looking for one that is located in the heart of the city and should be available for $600 per month. However, Toby is also willing to pay up to $850 per month for a place that is situated slighted away from the city center. According to him, the second option "will also do." This is an example of ________
BOUNDED RATIONALITY
COMMUNICATING CHANGE
Be visible Repeat goals/reasons for change Prime employees on what to expect Notify affected employees in person
Which of the following is an example of a procedure?
Before going on a leave of absence, fill up the application form available on the company's online leave management system. All applications will be approved/rejected within two days by the employee's immediate supervisor.
ethical communication = honesty/integrity
Being honest means more than not deceiving
Which of the following is a negative aspect of group norms?
Being part of a group has the ability to increase an individual's antisocial actions.
________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology.
Bias
the calm waters metaphor
Business had been humming along just fine until the Great Recession, Benton Industries adjusted by laying off employees until it ended and then hired them back. Then it was back to business as usual. This is an example of:
Which of the following statements best reflects John's thoughts if he is at the principled level of moral development?
By stealing from another person, I will be in violation of the moral standards I've come to expect of myself.
________ results in a solution that is considered "good enough."
Satisficing
20) The ________ Act makes it a crime in the United States to engage in stealth of a trade secret.
C) Economic Espionage
15) How can managers effectively plan when the external environment is continually changing?
C) They should be ready to change directions if environmental conditions warrant.
9) Which of the following is an example of a standing plan?
C) a fire escape policy establishing practices to be followed in an emergency
26) The major value-creating capabilities of the organization are known as its ________.
C) core competencies
5) Strategic plans are usually ________.
C) long term, directional, and single use
Joanna Williams, an enthusiastic and confident lady, was appointed to head a team of market researchers at a time when there was considerable unrest within the team. Under her guidance, however, the team's performance improved drastically. They not only did their job well but also learned to resolve their personal differences in the interest of their work. Joanna can be described as a ________ leader.
CHARISMATIC
Crazy Powermakers, Inc., was a unique company in that its philosophy was to prevent any one person from having too much power in the organization. Therefore, any power found to exist in the company was distributed to someone who did not have any power yet. As a result, Tamera was the person employees went to when disciplinary action had to be taken; Kayse was the supervisor that the employees went to for general decisions that needed to be made; Clay was the person employees went to when they were to receive special recognition; and Juan was the person employees went to when knowledge of a topic was needed. Tamera held ________ power.
COERCIVE
Susan Bones is the sales manager at the Ohio office of Alpha Inc. She has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. Laura, one of her subordinates, recalled how Susan had even helped her overcome a personal crisis. Which of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here?
CONSIDERATION
A ________ prevents an individual from doing what he desires.
CONSTRAINT
Brooke should understand that the path-goal theory is a(n) ________ model of leadership that extracts key elements from the expectancy theory of motivation.
CONTINGENCY
_______ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.
CREATIVITY
attitude surveys
Can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intention early enough to do something about them.
is the degree to which decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization.
Centralization
technological change
Changes in work processes, methods, and equipment are part of:
labor markets
Changing human resource management activities to attract and retain health care specialists due to increased needs for those workers is an example of what kind of environmental change factor?
VIRTUE
Character traits associated with ideal person Examples: honesty, courage, fidelity compassion, generosity, fairness, self control, prudence... What kind of person should I be? What will promote the development of character within myself and community?
Which of the following legislations gives individuals the right to sue for punitive damages?
Civil Rights Act of 1991
________ refers to gathering information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them
Competitor intelligence
leadership change
Cultural change is most likely to take place when:
lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
Satisfied employees with high organizational commitment
PATH GOAL
DIRECTIVE LEADERSHIP = low follower satisfaction with leader, high external locus of control-ambiguous stressful tasks-high conflict -high external locus of control Leader lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP -structured tasks -bureaucratic firm Leader shows concern for the needs of followers - is friendly PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP = high follower satisfaction with leader, high internal locus of control -high internal locus of control Leader consults with group members and uses their suggestions before making a decision ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED LEADERSHIP -high experience -ambiguous stressful tasks Leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level
After extensive job cuts to reduce costs, upper level managers are spending significant amounts of time solving problems in the production units. Lower level managers are resentful that they cannot make decisions for their own units. What recommendation would you make for this firm?
Decentralize; give authority to the lower level managers regarding events in their own units.
DEVELOPING A CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
Develop an aura of charisma Maintain an optimistic view Use passion as a catalyst for generating enthusiasm Communicate with the whole body, not just words Create a bond that inspires others to follow Tap into follower emotions to bring out their potential (motivation
BEHAVIOR THEORIES (1940's-1950's)
Do all effective leaders exhibit a set of behaviors that can be taught? People focus vs. production/mission focus Behaviors did not predict effectiveness
TRAIT THEORIES (1920's-1930's)
Do all effective leaders possess a set of specific characteristics? If true: leaders are born, not made Key traits = Big 5 (predict success in general) Traits did not predict leader effectiveness
Labor strikes are an example of which of the following internal change factors?
EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES
Fraudulent filing of expense reports is an example of ________
EMPLOYEE THEFT
CONTROL CRITERIA (WHAT)
EMPLOYEES Satisfaction Turnover Absenteeism BUDGETS Costs Output Sales
The part Edwin likes the most is that the team seems to prefer getting their objective accomplished instead of wasting time, which indicates that the team is ________
ENDS RATHER THAN MEANS
STIMULANTS FOR CHANGE = EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL
EXTERNAL -marketplace -gov't laws/regulations -technology -labor market -economic changes INTERNAL -changes in organizational strategy -workforce changes -new equipment -employee attitudes
The technology change in the manufacturing process of New Ideas, Inc.'s products to make the process more efficient is the result of a competitor lowering its price. Therefore, it was a(n) ________.
EXTERNAL FORCE OF CHANGE (Marketplaces, Govt Laws and regulations, Technology, labor markets and Economic changes) EX: Sarbanes-Oxley Act INTERNAL FORCES OF CHANGE = Strategy, Workforce, equipment and Employee Attitutude
________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population.
Ethnicity
When formal planning fails to lead to higher performance, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for the failure?
External forces constrain managers' options
Absence of planning does not inhibit the ability of departments and individuals to work together or organizations to move.
FALSE
Derek Logan heads a team of ten research analysts in Deutsche Bank. Even though he is least impressed with Cara Lewis among all his subordinates, when asked about her work he chose to focus on her strengths rather than her weaknesses. Derek can be described as a task-oriented leader.
FALSE
Organizations that subscribe to workplace spirituality emphasize the importance of employees controlling their expressions and emotions.
FALSE
Planning helps managers eliminate uncertainty and insulates organizations from change.
FALSE
Planning is concerned with how objectives are to be accomplished, not what is to be accomplished.
FALSE
Several research studies have conclusively proven that planning organizations always outperform nonplanning organizations.
FALSE
Spiritual organizations tend to be intolerant of employees who commit mistakes.
FALSE
Stated goals are those that an organization actually pursues.
FALSE
The legal approach to going green is also known as the dark green approach.
FALSE
Using corporate hotlines or other mechanisms for reporting and investigating workplace violence is an example of feedback control
FALSE
5 SOURCES OF POWER - French & Raven's power taxonomy
FORMAL POWER -legitimate power - The power a leader has as a result of his or her position -coercive power - The power a leader has to punish or control PERSONAL POWER -reward power - The power to give positive benefits or rewards -expert power - The influence a leader can exert as a result of his or her expertise, skills, or knowledge -reference power - The power of a leader that arise because of a person's desirable resources or admired personal traits
economic change
Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?
economic changes
Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?
FULL RANGE LEADERSHIP THEORY**** know 5 I's
Popular tool for describing and teaching effective leadership Leadership is a process that spans styles from passive-avoidant to transactional to transformational Leaders increase effectiveness by changing balance of behaviors away from transactional towards transformational - includes both -Laissez Faire - absence of leadership, unaware of employee performance -Management by Exception - only hear from leader when something is wrong - corrective actions -Contingent Rewards - exchanges rewards for accomplishments - supportive feedback, monitors progress 1) Idealized Attributes - builds trust - admire/respect/trust leader 2) Individualized Consideration - empathize with employees - encourage development and growth 3) Intellectual Stimulation - encourage creativity & imagination - challenge employees to be better 4) Inspirational Motivation - Inspire, motivate, strong sense of purpose - help them achieve goals 5) Idealized Influence - actions speak louder than words - commitment, confidence, trust, goals, mission, etc. "I believe in this"
Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is categorized as strategic?
Potential to improve market share
POWER
Potential to influence others' behaviors, attitudes Requires follower dependency Typically used to gain lateral and upward influence Possession/control of scarce resources that others need = DEPENDENCY = key to power
are teams from the same department or functional area involved in efforts to improve work activities, though they are rarely given the authority to implement any of their suggested actions.
Problem-solving teams
takes place when a company combines with other companies in different, but associated, industries.
Related diversification
At Ronald's fast food business for five years the French fries are its most popular product. During the past year, its profits have suffered because the farm that supplies it with potatoes has increased its prices drastically. What should Ronald's do to control its production costs?
Ronald's should buy out the farm and become its own supplier.
JUSTICE
Rules enforced fairly and impartially Equitable distribution of benefits/costs Protects interests of minorities, less powerful Can encourage sense of entitlement (may lead to reduced risk-taking, initiative, and productivity)
Whenever anyone praises Mark for his good performance, he has the tendency to attribute his success to his personal qualities such as his ability to thrive under pressure and his eye for detail. However, any negative performance feedback is always met with excuses such as un-supportive team members or insufficient time. This is an example of the ________
SELF-SERVING BIAS
An individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR
If your university was paying minimum wage when necessary and applying the minimum legal standards to its employees' work environment, it would be said to have fulfilled its ________.
SOCIAL OBLIGATION
In the United States a company that meets federal pollution control standards and does not discriminate in hiring, promotion, and pay is generally meeting its ________.
SOCIAL OBLIGATION
If your university provides job-share programs, builds a day-care facility, and only uses recycled paper, it could be said to be ________
SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE
CLASSICAL VIEW = social obligation
SOCIOECONOMIC VIEW = social responsiveness & social responsibility
CLASSICAL VIEW OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY = MANAGERS/OWNERS
SOCIOECONOMIC VIEW OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY = EVERYONE (BROADER SOCIETY)
In the ________ approach of going green, an organization works to meet the environmental demands of its employees, suppliers, or community.
STAKEHOLDER
A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing ________ changes.
STRUCTURAL
Which type of change might include a shift from a functional to a product structure?
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CHANGE
STIMULATE INNOVATION
STRUCTURAL VARIABLES -organic structures -high interunit communication -time pressure -work/non-work support -abundant resources CULTURAL VARIABLES -acceptance of ambiguity -tolerance of impracticality -low external controls -tolerance of risks/conflict -focus on ends -positive feedback HUMAN RESOURCES VARIABLES -high commitment to training/development -high job security -creative people
3 TYPES OF CHANGES
STRUCTURE - work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, formalization, job redesign, or actual structural design (ranking/structure) TECHNOLOGY - work processes, methods, and equipment (work/process/products) PEOPLE - attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behavior (individual & group)
Pat is the manager of a large project that has been underway for the last eight months. It has now become apparent that, due to various external factors, the project is unlikely to succeed. Even though the best option would be to withdraw from the project, Pat continues to pump money and resources into it in the hope that the project's prospects will change. He reasons that he doesn't want all those months of hard work to go to waste. This is an example of the ________.
SUNK COSTS ERROR
Valerie chooses oral reports instead of statistical reports when collecting information for measuring the performance of Unit-27. Unit-27 monitors the flow of the assembly line. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the decision to choose oral reports?
Studies have shown that managers who use filtered information for making decisions tend to make poor decisions
Valerie chooses oral reports instead of statistical reports when collecting information for measuring the performance of Unit-27. Unit-27 monitors the flow of the assembly line. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the decision to choose oral reports?
Studies have shown that managers who use filtered information for making decisions tend to make poor decisions.
Situational leadership model (SLT)
Successful leaders provide leadership style to match the follower's readiness/needs -Leaders can develop and use different leadership styles (choose the right club) -Leaders will relinquish control over and contact with followers as they become more competent Widely used historically in leadership training (Full Range Leadership used more now
Jack Jones and Jill Smith are both managers at a medium-sized medical supply firm. Jack emphasizes to his people that the work must be done, regardless of circumstances, and encourages his employees to meet their sales quotas. He is generally liked, but because sales are unstructured, sometimes his employees resent his rather heavy-handed approach. Jill has tried hard to build a good rapport with her employees and knows each of their families. She encourages her employees to work hard, but to be certain to take time out for themselves and their families. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jack as ________ oriented.
TASK
TEAM OF RIVALS What personal characteristics led Lincoln to create the "team of rivals"?
TEAM OF RIVALS = people who are unafraid to take issue with him and are confident of their own leadership abilities -wanted to choose the best and most able people for the country - intelligence, self-confidence,
TEAM OF RIVALS As described in this article, was Lincoln a transactional or transformational leader?
TRANSFORMATIONAL!
A valid criticism of workplace spirituality is that secular institutions, especially businesses, have no right to impose spiritual values on employees, if spirituality means bringing religion into the workplace.
TRUE
An organization's structural design, its goals, performance appraisal systems, and reward allocation procedures influence the ethical choices of employees.
TRUE
As managers plan, they develop both goals and plans
TRUE
As managers plan, they develop both goals and plans.
TRUE
At the conventional level of moral development, ethical decisions rely on maintaining expected standards and living up to the expectations of others.
TRUE
Dynamic environments require a flatter organizational hierarchy in order to plan effectively
TRUE
In the decision-making process, after allocating weights to the decision criteria, the decision maker lists viable alternatives that could resolve the problem
TRUE
Job uncertainties and employee stress are factors that contribute to workplace violence.
TRUE
Long-term plans are those with a time frame beyond three years.
TRUE
Organizations that emphasize workplace spirituality focus on individual development.
TRUE
Planning provides direction to managers and nonmanagers alike.
TRUE
Short-term plans are those covering one year or less.
TRUE
Stress can be caused by personal factors and by job-related factors.
TRUE
Studies indicate that doing a good job planning and implementing those plans play a bigger part in high performance than does how much planning is done
TRUE
Studies indicate that doing a good job planning and implementing those plans play a bigger part in high performance than does how much planning is done.
TRUE
The standard procedure to be followed by the human resources department of a company when initiating disciplinary action against an employee is an example of a standing plan.
TRUE
When uncertainty is high and managers must be flexible in order to respond to unexpected changes, directional plans are preferable
TRUE
When uncertainty is high and managers must be flexible in order to respond to unexpected changes, directional plans are preferable.
TRUE
A policy ________.
TYPICALLY CONTAINS AN AMBIGUOUS TERM
conflict relates to the content and goals of the work.
Task
government laws and regulations
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is an example of which of the following forms of environmental change?
white-water rapids metaphor
The ______________ is consistent with uncertain and dynamic environments.
In which stage of group development does the group focus its attention on wrapping up activities instead of task performance?
adjourning
The effect of planning on managers is that it forces them to ________.
anticipate and respond to change
SOCIAL SCREENING
applying social criteria to investment decisions -using social screening outperforms firms that don't use it
In comparison to large groups, small groups
are faster at completing tasks
Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping?
asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem
In which of the following decruitment methods does an organization refrain from filling the openings created by voluntary resignations or normal retirements of its employees?
attrition
Wilson is offered a chance to help direct the efforts of some employees assigned to his work group. This is a chance for Wilson to experience
authority
Conflicts can be resolved by withdrawing from them or suppressing them. This conflict management technique is known as
avoiding
Hendricks Ceramics sells items it buys from ceramic factories. If it were to purchase one of these factories, it would be engaging in
backward vertical integration
A ________ describes the rationale of how a company is going to make money.
business model
How can managers identify the ethically questionable applicants even before they became part of the workforce?
by asking the candidates to go through interviews, tests, and background checks
The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.
calm waters and white-water rapids
In the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a business unit that has a low anticipated growth rate but a high market share is known as a
cash cow
In the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a business unit that has a low anticipated growth rate but a high market share is known as a _
cash cow
Melanie has noticed that everyone is very concerned about the line of authority within the hospital. This implies that the employees at the hospital are worried about the
chain of command
The line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to lower levels, clarifying who reports to whom, is known as the
chain of command
"CALM WATERS SIMILE"
change = response to break in status quo -unfreezing status quo (increase driving forces or decrease restraining forces) -change to a new state -refreezing to make change permanent needed in occasional situations future = predictable punctuates long periods of calm/stability
It was amazing the team accomplished anything at all. It seemed they were always bickering and cross with each other but their final output stunned management. Which of the following might have contributed to their success?
clear goals
Which of the following suggestions will help reduce the effect of social loafing in groups?
clearly identify individual responsibilities
The period of time between the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________.
complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs
Organizations grow by using strategies of
concentration, integration, or diversification
Goals are different from plans because ________.
goals are desired outcomes, and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished
According to the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________.
higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one
Because Quentin is the only male worker in a group of women, other male employees have made jokes about his gender identity. The jokes have affected Quentin's motivation to work and he is absent more often. This situation may constitute
hostile environment sexual harassment
The process by which managers ensure that they have the right number and kinds of capable people in the right places and at the right times is known as
human resource planning
When Bryan is offered a chance to help direct the efforts of some employees assigned to his work group, he sees this new assignment as a(n)
increase in his responsibility
The ________ of conflict management argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for effective organizational performance.
interactionist view
A procedure ________
is a series of sequential steps a manager uses to respond to a structured problem
According to the Society for Human Resource Management, diversity ________.
is often used to refer to differences based on ethnicity, gender, age, religion, disability, national origin, and sexual orientation
Casey realizes that she has a personal characteristic that suggests she is not comfortable interacting with strangers. She interprets this as a(n) ________ if she is to get a job as a salesperson.
weakness
When is the traditional top-down approach to planning most likely to be effective?
when plans are developed that can actually be used by organizational members
In the early 20th century, automobiles were made one at a time by craftsmen who could perform every operation necessary to build the car. Henry Ford decided to limit the number of tasks each worker performed so each person could become expert in his position. With this practice, Ford introduced
work specialization
The two types of orientations are
work unit orientation and organization orientation
Asch's experiment, which used lines of varying lengths to test group behavior, has shown the existence of
workplace conformity
The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________.
workplace diversity
