MGMT chpt 18

Which of the following theories is a variant on Maslow's hierarchy theory that involves three instead of five levels?

Alderfer's ERG theory

Which of the following statements best describes the theory of operant conditioning?

Both positive and negative reinforcement increase behavior while punishment and extinction decrease behavior

Which of the following statements about the reinforcement theory is true?

Ceasing to reward the behavior that was previously rewarded causes extinction.

Maria and Jose have worked together in the same office in the same position for quite some time. They have similar educational backgrounds and have been in the job for about the same period of time. Maria works extremely hard and often notices that Jose is taking long breaks and not putting in the same effort as she is. Thus, when she learns that Jose is paid $8000, more than what she earns, she gets very upset and decides to reduce her effort and take long breaks as well. Which of the following theories explains this behavior?

Equity theory

According to Maslow, the two higher-order needs include the physiological and belongingness needs.

False

In contrast to intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation is derived from aspects of "doing the job."

False

Individuals who are motivated by personalized power like to make an impact on and influence others.

False

Performance to outcome expectancy includes the evaluation of whether putting in effort will lead to commensurate performance.

False

ccording to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X tend to use a blend of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to motivate employees.

False

Which of the following in an intrinsic reward?

Interesting task

Which of the following statements about extrinsic and intrinsic rewards is true?

Intrinsic rewards generally provide personal satisfaction.

Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is true?

Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed.

refers to the desire, stimulus, or incentive to pursue a particular course of action.

Motivation

Which of the following is one of the three needs of McClelland's acquired needs theory?

Need for power

Which of the following theories focuses on the process of using rewards or punishments to induce behaviors?

Reinforcement theory

Which of the following statements about the goal-setting theory is true?

Tight deadlines for goal completion lead to a more rapid work pace.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organization's climate with high employee engagement?

Training and development

According to Herzberg, fulfilling potential dissatisfiers causes people to become less dissatisfied.

True

Equity theory assumes that individuals know what effort and skills are required to receive a certain reward threshold from their employer.

True

Extinction is the idea that a behavior stops because it has ceased to be rewarded or punished.

True

Goal-setting theory states that the mere setting of difficult but achievable goals is a significant motivator of performance.

True

Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that individuals could pursue multiple needs at once.

True

Edwin, a top manager in a bureaucratic organization, often engages in persuading employees while making decisions and focuses more on his team and provides extra coaching to employees. He also maintains a good reputation both inside and outside the organization. Based on McClelland's acquired needs theory, it can be inferred that Edwin is an example of __

a socialized power-oriented manager

Adam, a team lead, while assessing the performance of his team members, came to know that their performance is deteriorating day-by-day. In order to motivate them, Adam adopted the four-drive theory of motivation and differentiated good performers from average and poor performers. Moreover, he designed the reward system such that it was tied clearly to performance. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Adam tried to fulfill the employees' drive

acquire.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors:

are potential dissatisfiers that, when fulfilled, do not cause people to become satisfied.

The study of the incentives and needs that motivate people to perform in a certain way are called _____ theories of motivation.

content

The acronym ERG in Alderfer's theory of motivation refers to:

existence, relatedness, and growth.

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory Y:

focus on participatory rather than command-and-control styles of leadership.

The _____ theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow, states that individuals have multiple needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to ensure the greatest level of satisfaction.

hierarchy of needs

To fulfill employees' drive to defend, managers should:

increase transparency of all processes.

Which of the following is an extrinsic reward?

job security

Theories that explain why people behave in ways to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their overall level of satisfaction after they have attempted to fulfill their needs are called _____ theories of motivation.

process

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X:

tend to believe that employees are principally motivated by extrinsic rewards, especially compensation.

Of the three variables of expectancy theory, valence includes:

the evaluation of whether the available outcomes are attractive to the employee.

The management in an organization wanted to reduce employee turnover by increasing their job satisfaction. Therefore, they provided employees with a safe work environment and a sense of job security. However, the turnover rate did not decrease even after implementing these changes. During exit interviews, the employees complained that they do not have any opportunities for achievement and personal recognition. From this scenario, according to Herzberg's theory, it can be understood that:

the organization falls short of motivators.