MGMT Exam 3

What percent of the details passed through a grapevine is accurate

70 to 90 percent

A recent poll found that over _____ percent of people surveyed say corporate America's moral compass is pointing in the wrong direction.

75

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with larger span of control

Subordinates are located at various different locations

Innovative Creations Corporation is designed along functional lines. New product development is very slow and the process is plagued by many problems. One of the problems is that the people in marketing never communicate with the people in production. This is an example of poor:

coordination

A business activity that an organization does particularly well relative to its competition is known as a(n) _____

core competence

A general statement of principle is often called a _____.

corporate credo

Which of the following has a goal to guide the nations of the world toward free trade and open markets?

WTO

Channel richness refers to the:

amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode

In the _____, managers invest time in reviewing the results of decisions and learn from them.

after- action review

_____ plays a key role in creating an organizational climate that enables learning and innovative responses to threats from the external environment, challenging new opportunities, or organizational crises.

corporate culture

Which of the following refers to the system of governing an organization so that the interests of corporate owners are protected?

corporate governance

_____ refers to the system of governing an organization so that the interests of corporate owners are protected.

corporate governance

A(n) _____ is an in-house training and education facility that offers broad-based learning opportunities for employees.

corporate university

Pizza Deluxe University is an in-house center and education facility that offers broad-based learning opportunities for employees. Pizza Deluxe University would be considered a(n)

corporate university

With a(n) _____ strategy, the organization aggressively seeks efficient facilities, pursues cost reductions, and uses tight cost controls to produce products more efficiently than competitors

cost leadership

All of the following are examples of special interest groups, except:

courts

Darren set goals for each of his employees. Each employee ended up with at least twenty-five goals. This process violates which of the following criteria for effective goals?

covers key result areas

Artful Innovations Inc. operates with open channels of communication and an established suggestion system that encourages brainstorming and freewheeling discussions. Artful Innovations can best be described as a(n)_____ type of organization.

creative organization

_____ is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization

creativity

A special type of contingency plan that is used when events are sudden and devastating and require immediate response is called _____.

crisis management planning

_____ involves activities that managers undertake to try to prevent crises from occurring and to detect warning signs of potential crisis

crisis prevention

The _____ role in organizational change involves providing a "reality test."

critic

_____ teams consist of employees from various functional departments who are responsible to meet as a team and resolve mutual problems

cross functional

A(n) _____ defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture.

cultural leader

Successful change requires that organizations be capable of both creating and implementing ideas, which means the organization must learn to be

ambidextrous

_____ means that the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable.

ambiguity

Which of the following is inappropriate to ask on an employment application?

applicant's ancestry/ ethnicity

Finance managers at Big Bend Inc. made a financial blunder when they solely looked at the previous year's sales to estimate sales for the coming year. Of which management bias is this an example?

being influenced by initial impressions

The continuous process of measuring products, services, and practices against major competitors or industry leaders is called _____.

benchmarking

The process by which companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to copy and/or improve it is known as _____

benchmarking

Which of the following is the process of measuring your organizational process against the best in the industry?

benchmarking

Tool Techies, Inc. uses phone surveys of customers to gather information about service and quality. This is an example of the management function of:

controlling

Most managers operate at the _____ level

conventional/ second

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____

cooperation

According to the control model, after establishing standards of performance the manager should:

measure actual performance

When informing your staff of the date for the company picnic, a _____ would be most practical and successful.

memo

"We respect our employees and value their diversity" is an example of a statement you are most likely to find in the organization's

mission

The management science perspective emerged after World War II to treat problems associated with

modern global warfare

The _____ stage involves the use of managerial, administrative, and persuasive abilities to ensure that the chosen alternative is carried out.

implementation

According to the Leadership Grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.

impoverished management

Tammy is a production manager at Eagle's Nest, Inc. She is concerned that too much money is being wasted on inventory that is sitting in the warehouse too long. She should calculate a(n)

inventory turnover ratio

The _____ culture places high value on HR, and the organization may be characterized by a caring, family-like atmosphere.

involvement

Roadtec Tire Company has a corporate culture that emphasizes an internal focus on the involvement and participation of employees, placing high value on meeting the needs of employees. The company is known for its caring, family-like atmosphere. Which type of corporate culture does Roadtec possess?

involvement culture

Sandra, a human resources manager at an advertising firm, is currently in the process of determining the value and worth of advertising executive positions within the agency. This is referred to as:

job evaluation

Silvia, a seasoned assembly line worker at an automobile manufacturer, wants to demonstrate to Allison, a new trainee, how her job relates to other organizational activities. This encompasses which downward communication topic?

job instructions

_____refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.

job satisfaction

_____ are becoming more popular as organizations strive to keep up with technological advancements and compete in the global economy

joint ventures

Used widely by Indian companies, _______ refers to an innovation mind-set that strives to meet customers' needs quickly and inexpensively

jugaad

_____ schedule materials to arrive at a company just as they are needed on the production line.

just in time inventory systems

_____ assess what is important to the organization and how well the organization is progressing toward attaining its strategic goal

key performance indicators

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with

knowledge of actual results

Amanda Rowley, President of Autos-R-Us, recognizes the factory employees for their outstanding performance at the monthly awards banquet on the shop floor by presenting a plaque and a check for $100. She is engaging in the management function of

leading

The _____ dimension of the general environment includes federal, state, and local government regulations.

legal-political

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of:

legitimate power

The people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods or services from the organization are:

customers

For the compact disc industry, the advent of MP3 technology can best be described as what type of innovation

disruptive innovation

Gail Griffith, manager of the finance division, distributes relevant information every day to all her employees, enabling them to make quality decisions. Gail is performing which of the following roles?

disseminator role

____ is NOT a type of current problem that organizational development can help address

diversification

Stephanie works in one of seven research and development departments at Tara's Terrace, Inc. This would suggest that Tara's Terrace has a:

divisional structure

The functional, _____, and _____ are traditional approaches that rely on the chain of command to define departmental groupings and reporting relationships along the hierarchy.

divisional; matrix

Louise works in the manufacturing department at Ice Sculptures. The work in Louise's department is low in task specialization. As a result, Louise

does a variety of tasks and activities

An organization's decision to hire for an open position is in the:

domain of free choice

Rightsizing is also known as _____.

downsizing

Information distortion or loss of message content is a major problem with:

downward communication

Jay, a divisional vice president of a consumer goods manufacturer, gives a presentation to all divisional employees to outline the company's goals for the coming year. This is an example of what type of organizational communication?

downward communication

Which of the following is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication

downward communication

_____ refers to the messages and information sent from top management down to subordinates.

downward communication

The general environment dimension that includes consumer purchasing power, the unemployment rate, and interest rates is called the

economic dimension

The base of the corporate social responsibility pyramid is:

economic responsibility

A(n) _____, rather than promoting a product or service, promotes the organization as a great place to work.

employer brand

Artie's Pretzels is a small but well-known company that receives thousands of job applications every year, though it only fills about 50 positions annually. Company managers have learned that Artie's human resource practices are one of the driving factors that attract potential employees. Artie's Pretzels is an example of a(n):

employer of choice

All of these are a part of an organization's task environment, except:

employers

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as:

empowerment

The first step toward better time management is to:

empty your head

To _____ a message is to select the symbols used to compose a message.

encode

Jenna composes an email from home to her boss to inform him that she will be late getting to work that day. The act of composing an email involves which stage of the communication process?

encoding the message

To be effective communicators, managers should:

encourage the use of multiple channels of communication

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager. Not only does she get the job done, but she organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth. This is an example of employee:

engagement

Which of the following is NOT one of Schmidt's five leadership precepts

ensure the integrity of the hierarchy

In the _____ role, managers initiate improvement projects, identify new ideas, and delegate idea responsibility to others

entrepreneur

The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a(n)

environment that requires speed

_____ occurs when the receiver responds to the sender's communication with a return message.

feedback

_____ focuses on whether performance meets established standards

feedback control

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the ______.

fundamental attribution error

The extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries is called

globalization

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

goal difficulty

The _____ is an informal, person-to-person communication network of employees that is not officially sanctioned by the organization.

grapevine

The early research on leadership traits was referred to as the:

great man approach

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely?

high mach

Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

high machs

Jana has a high tolerance for the unstructured, the unclear, and the unpredictable. She can best be described as having

low uncertainty avoidance

In a(n) _____, people use communication primarily to exchange facts and information.

low-context culture

In the BCG matrix, the dog has _____ market share and _____ business growth rate.

low; low

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment, except:

maintaining a secretive culture

The _____ is the idea that the single most important factor that can boost motivation during a workday is making progress toward meaningful goals

making progress principle

_____ is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

management

Focusing manager and employee efforts on activities that will lead to goal attainment is a benefit of what management method?

management by objectives

_____ is a method whereby managers and employees define goals for every department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance.

management by objectives

Stephanie is nervous about giving a presentation at the marketing firm where she works. One of her male coworkers told her, "Don't be such a girl, attack that presentation!" Now Stephanie is so concerned about appearing tough that she can barely concentrate on the content of the presentation. Stephanie's anxiety stems from:

stereotype threat

"The Brain" is a permanent secret group within one of the nation's largest auto manufacturers. Members of this elite group focus intently on developing new and innovative automobile technologies. "The Brain" can best be described as what type of group or team?

skunkwork

A(n) _____ is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

skunkwork

McDonald's "We Love to See You Smile" is an example of a:

slogan

_____ production involves the production of goods in batches of one or a few products designed to customer specifications

small batch

_____ is a psychological experience of a person who, usually engaged in a task, is aware of a stereotype about his or her identity group suggesting he or she will not perform well on that task.

stereotype threat

______ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual.

stereotyping

_____ is a narrative based on true event that is repeated frequently and shared by organizational employees.

story

The term _____ covers a broad range of applications, including wikis, blogs, content communities, and virtual social worlds.

social media

Language, values, religion, and education all describe which dimension in the international environment?

sociocultural

When Miami Herald launches a Spanish-language newspaper, El Nuevo Herald, with articles emphasizing Hispanic, Cuban, and Latin American news and sports, it is responding to changes in _____ environment

sociocultural

Broad statements describing where the organization wants to be in the future are called _____.

strategic goals

As environmental turbulence increases, _______, which alter an organization's ability to achieve its goals, emerge more frequently.

strategic issues

_____ is the set of decisions and actions used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organization and its environment so as to achieve organizational goals.

strategic management

A long-term time frame is most closely associated with:

strategic plans

The plan of action that prescribes resource allocation and other activities for dealing with the environment and helping the organization attain its goals is known as a(n):

strategy

The use of managerial and organizational tools to direct resources toward accomplishing strategic results is known as _____.

strategy execution

_____ refers to the use of managerial tools to direct resources toward the achievement of strategic goals.

strategy execution

A physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an individual is called ______.

stress

All of the following are leadership qualities, except:

structured

______ refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

supply chain management

A type of OD intervention in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other factors are distributed among employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent is called _____ .

survey feedback

Which of the following concepts argues that organizations can find innovative ways to create wealth at the same time they are preserving natural resources?

sustainability

An object, act, or event that conveys meaning to others is known as a(n) _____

symbol

Goals that define the outcomes that major departments must achieve in order for the organization to reach its overall goals are known as _____ goals.

tactical

Sarah is a middle manager at Stylin' Sneakers Corporation. She is most likely responsible for the achievement of _____ goals

tactical

Which of the following countries possesses a high performance orientation?

taiwan

Jefferson and Squire is an advertising firm that is viewed as having a fast-paced and posh corporate culture. The company uses bold coloring with expensive accents in all office décor. This exemplifies which level of corporate culture?

visible artifacts

In a traditional _____ approach, budgeted amounts for the coming year are imposed on middle- and lower-level managers

top down budgeting

_____ symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization

top managment support

_____ is defined as the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.

work redesign

The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs is called _____

work specialization

Wilson is viewed by his boss as driven, tenacious, and conscientious in the pursuit of his goals. These characteristics fit within which category?

work-related characteristics

According to the text, all of the following are ways managers can improve their writing skills, except:

writing lengthy explanations

Hopetech Industries has a corporate diversity plan that limits diversity to areas that do not change throughout a person's lifetime, such as race, gender, age, and disability. Hopetech's diversity plan follows which model of corporate diversity?

traditional model

_____ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, and appearance.

traits

Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates?

transactional

A(n) _____ leader is distinguished by a special ability to bring about innovation and change.

transformational

Andy's subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but to believe in their own potential as well. Based on this example, Andy can best be described as what type of leader?

transformational

An example of global outsourcing is seen when Gap, Inc. uses low-cost Caribbean labor to cheaply produce its clothing, and then finishes off and sells its clothing in the United States.

true

An idea incubator is in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics

true

Approximately 20 percent of American adults, according to your text, never reach the postconventional level of moral development.

true

At Fox End, people are grouped together in departments by common skills and work activities, including a sales department and a production department. This is an example of vertical functional approach

true

Because employees with different backgrounds bring different options and ideas to the table, a diverse workforce may lead to increased conflict, anxiety, and misunderstanding

true

Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated, as stated in the law of effect.

true

Bottom-up budgeting is a process in which lower level managers anticipate their department's resource needs and pass them up to top management for approval.

true

Brainstorming uses a face-to-face interactive group to spontaneously suggest a wide range of alternatives for decision making.

true

Business has become a unified, global field as trade barriers fall, communication becomes faster and cheaper, and consumer tastes converge.

true

Charismatic leaders typically have a strong vision for the future and they can motivate others to help realize it.

true

Collectivism means a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which individuals look after one another and organizations protect their members' interests

true

Communication can break down if sender and receiver do not encode or decode language in the same way.

true

Continuous improvement is the implementation of a large number of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis.

true

Corporate culture plays a key role in creating an organizational climate that enables learning and innovative responses to threats from the external environment, challenging new opportunities, or organizational crises

true

Current employees, management, and especially corporate culture are part of an organization's internal environment

true

Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.

true

Economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current population while preserving the environment for the needs of future generations refers to sustainability.

true

Economic responsibility, carried to the extreme, is called the profit-maximizing view

true

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

true

Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

true

Ethical responsibility includes behaviors that are not necessarily codified into law and may not serve the corporation's direct economic interests

true

Ethics is the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviors of individuals or groups

true

Evidence shows that people who make poor decisions under the influence of strong emotions tend to continue that behavior in the future

true

Face-to-face discussion is the richest channel, in terms of channel richness.

true

Fayol's unity of command principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one, and only one superior

true

Finding the right people to apply new information technology for e- business is a current strategic issue of particular concern for HR managers

true

For companies to operate effectively, the amount of centralization or decentralization should fit the firm's strategy.

true

Forms of nonverbal communication include blushing, perspiring, glancing, crying, and laughing.

true

Goal acceptance, in goal-setting theory, means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

true

Goals are most effective when they are specific, measurable, challenging and linked to rewards.

true

Goals are typically stated in quantitative terms.

true

Good intuitive decision making is based on an ability to recognize patterns at lightning speed

true

Grapevine is a type of personal channel used in many organizations

true

Groupthink refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions

true

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory focuses a great deal of attention on the characteristics of employees in determining appropriate leadership behavior.

true

Hiring and keeping quality employees is one of the most urgent concerns for today's organizations

true

If Johnson Lumber provides trees for Westvaco Paper Manufacturing, then Johnson Lumber is considered a supplier for Westvaco.

true

If Renae, manager at Leak Free Roofing, wanted to develop a contingency plan for Leak Free, she would need to look at factors such as new equipment, the economy, and the company workers' compensation cases.

true

Important stakeholders in corporations include the government and the community.

true

In the unfreezing step, participants must be made aware of problems and be willing to change

true

Individuals at the preconventional level are concerned with external rewards and punishments and obey authority to avoid detrimental personal consequences

true

Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

true

Labor market forces affecting organizations right now include the growing need for computer-literate knowledge workers and the necessity for continuous investment in human resources through recruitment, education, and training.

true

Leadership occurs among people, involves the use of influence, and is used to attain goals.

true

Licensing means engaging in the international division of labor so that work activities can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and supplies

true

Managers facilitate strategic conversations by using open communication, actively listening to others, applying the practice of dialogue, and using feedback for learning and change.

true

Mangers who motivate employees by tapping into their self-doubts are using an intrinsic negative approach

true

Many U.S. managers fail to realize that the values and behaviors that typically govern how business is done in the United States do not translate to the rest of the world

true

McDonalds, Burger King, and Checkers are competitors since all three sell fast food to individuals

true

Mergers/acquisitions, organizational decline, and conflict management are the three types of current problems that organizational development managers face.

true

Messages that are designed to share information among teams and departments that can help the organization change, grow, or improve are called change initiatives and improvements.

true

Most bad decisions are errors in judgment that originate in the human mind's limited capacity and in the natural biases of the manager

true

Most managers spend 80 of their time telling and 20 percent asking, but it should be the other way around.

true

Of executives whose companies had no formal strategic planning process, about half said they were dissatisfied with the company's development strategy.

true

One of the limitations of setting goals and making plans is that they can get in the way of creativity.

true

One of the most pressing ethical dilemmas facing managers today is that of competitive intelligence, which is increasingly gained through social media

true

One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate the correct behavior

true

Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.

true

Organizational change refers to the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.

true

Organizational development involves the application of behavioral science techniques to improve an organization's effectiveness and success

true

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

true

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

true

People who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems use the directive style.

true

People with an internal locus of control are easier to motivate because they believe the rewards are the result of their behavior.

true

Physical symbols are associated with the surface level of organizational culture

true

Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs, which are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival.

true

Point-counterpoint is a decision-making technique in which people are assigned to express competing points of view

true

Prevention and preparation are the two stages of crisis management.

true

Principle-based statements define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities, quality of products, and treatment of employees.

true

Procedural justice requires that rules be stated clearly, consistently and impartially enforced, and administered fairly.

true

Procedures and practices are downward communication topics that define the organization's rules, regulations, benefits, and structural arrangements.

true

Quadrant A represents organizations that are focused primarily on bottom-line results and pay little attention to organizational values.

true

Recruiters are now viewing the profiles and pictures of candidates on social networking sites such as Facebook

true

Recruiting activities can be divided into (1) internal recruiting including "promote from within" policies, and (2) external recruiting including the use of headhunters

true

Research has shown that strategic thinking and planning positively affect a firm's performance and financial success

true

Risk propensity refers to the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity of gaining an increased payoff.

true

Routine messages tend to be simple and straightforward, such as conveying data or statistics.

true

Satisficing behavior occurs when we choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria regardless of whether better solutions are expected to exist.

true

Service firms include banks, hotels, and law firms.

true

Sexual harassment in the workplace is a violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

true

Skill variety, task identity, and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

true

Social responsibility is management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization

true

Some companies hire competitive intelligence professionals to scan the external environment and provide data and research on relevant domestic and global trends

true

Step one in the managerial decision-making process is recognition of decision requirement.

true

Stereotypes assume that all members of a group have the same characteristics

true

Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

true

TQM tends to be most successful when it enriches jobs and improves employee motivation

true

_____ refers to the field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services.

operations management

_____ exists when managers see potential of enhancing performance beyond current levels.

opportunity

_____ implies that women's commitment to their children limits their commitment to the company or their ability to handle the rigors of corporate management.

opt out trend

Riya was a highly successful manager at Optics International. After ten years with the company, she decided to leave and become a fulltime mother and caregiver to her ailing father. This example demonstrates which factor affecting women's careers?

opt-out trend

The visual representation of an organization's structure is called the _____

organization chart

Technical skills are most important at lower organizational levels while conceptual skills become more important as managers move up the organizational hierarchy

true

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity. According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

true

The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance

true

The ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others is referred to as relationship management.

true

The acceptance of mistakes, the freedom to discuss ideas, and the assignment of nonspecialists to problems are characteristics of creative organizations or departments

true

The alienated follower is a person who is an independent, critical thinker but is passive in the organization.

true

The approach that managers use to make decisions usually falls into one of three types - the classical model, the administrative model, and the political model.

true

The arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior refers to motivation.

true

The basic assumption of hierarchical control is that people are incapable of self-discipline and cannot be trusted.

true

The basic management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are the same whether a company operates domestically or internationally

true

The certification based on a set of international standards for quality management, setting uniform guidelines for processes to ensure that products conform to customer requirements is the ISO certification.

true

The choice of a communication channel can convey a symbolic meaning to the receiver

true

The communication and education approach for overcoming resistance to change should be used when the change is technical and the users need accurate information and analysis to understand change

true

The confusion and frustration caused by the dual chain of command is a major problem of the matrix structure.

true

The cultural leader articulates a vision for the organizational culture that employees can believe in and that generates excitement.

true

The disparity between existing and desired performance levels is the need for change

true

The distinctive feature of the project manager position is that the person is not a member of one of the departments begin coordinated

true

The dog, according to the BCG Matrix, is a poor performer

true

The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

true

The final step of the feedback control model is to do nothing if performance is adequate or to take corrective action if performance is inadequate

true

The framework in which the organization defines how tasks are divided, resources are deployed and departments are coordinated is called organizational structure.

true

The goal of open-book management is to get every employee thinking and acting like a business owner.

true

The goal of the European Union is to create a powerful single market system for Europe's millions of consumers.

true

The group of theories that explain how employees meet their needs and determine their success are called process theories.

true

The horizontal linkage model is increasingly important in high pressure business environments that require rapidly developing and commercializing products and services.

true

The implementation of total quality management involves the use of many techniques such as quality circles, benchmarking, Six Sigma principles, reduced cycle time, and continuous improvement

true

The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear. Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

true

The income statement shows revenues coming into the organization from all sources and subtracts all expenses.

true

The late famed management theorist Peter Drucker is often credited with creating the modern study of management.

true

Ophelia, the new CEO at Odyssey Inc., plans to implement a highly effective systematic process of regulating organizational activities to make them consistent with the expectations that are established by managers within the company. This is referred to as _____ control.

organizational

The _____ delineates the chain of command, indicates departmental tasks and how they fit together, and provides order and logic for the organization

organizational chart

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success is referred to as ______.

organizational citizenship

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization is called ______.

organizational commitment

The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

true

The application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization's health and effectiveness is known as _____

organizational development

For a widget manufacturing company, worker-hours per widget is a measure of:

organizational efficiency

_____ includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization

organizational environment

In what stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns?

organizing

When Terry Doyle of CommuniCom, Inc. created smaller, more independent maintenance units, he was performing the function of:

organizing

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

organizing the selected data into patterns

The liquidity ratio shows the company's ability to meet its current debt obligations and a measurement of the firm's margin of safety.

true

The moral agent is an individual who must make an ethical choice in an organization

true

The pure functional structure is appropriate for achieving internal efficiency goals.

true

The receiver usually will give more weight to behavioral actions than to verbal messages when verbal and nonverbal messages are contradictory

true

The rise of virtual work has led to a decline in organizational hierarchies.

true

The social value of uncertainty avoidance is evident in countries like Greece, which supports beliefs that provide stability and conformity among its citizenry

true

The system of governing an organization so that the interests of corporate owners are protected refers to corporate governance

true

The systematic process of regulating organizational activities to make them consistent with the expectations in plans, targets, and standards of performance refers to organizational control.

true

The task environment sectors are the most relevant to strategic behavior and include the behavior of competitors, customers, suppliers, and the labor supply

true

The task-oriented leader, according to Fiedler, excels in the favorable situation whereas relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of moderate favorability.

true

The three options in getting things done are: doing it, delegating it, or deferring it.

true

The top reason for manager failure is ineffective communication skills and practices

true

Three distinguishing personal characteristics associated with successful leaders are intelligence, honesty, and self-confidence.

true

When managers base decisions on what has worked in the past and fail to explore new options, they are:

perpetuating the status quo

_____ channels exist outside the formally authorized channels and do not adhere to the organization's hierarchy of authority

personal communication

Which of the following is NOT a manager quality?

personal power

An individual's ______ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

personality

Traditional views of organizational design recommend a span of management of about 7 to 10 subordinates per manager.

true

Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mindsets

true

Two important approaches to enhancing self-awareness are soliciting feedback and using self-assessments.

true

Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation

true

Wage and salary surveys show what other organizations pay incumbents in jobs that match a sample of "key" jobs selected by the organization

true

When Lonnie shouts at Kerry in public for not finishing her work and suspends her for two days, he is using his coercive power.

true

_____ generally outline the procedures to be used in specific ethical situations, such as marketing practice, conflicts of interest, and observance of laws

policy based statements

The _____ model closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision-makers operate.

political

A.R.C. is a large non-profit humanitarian aid organization that has been forced to pull out of several African markets in recent years due to civil wars and large-scale violence. This demonstrates which frequently cited problem for international companies?

political instability

Riots, revolutions, civil disorders, and frequent changes in government that affect the operations of an international company shows _____ in a country

political instability

A company's risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or action by host government is referred to as:

political risk

A foreign terrorist kidnaps your firm's marketing VP while the VP is in the host country. This is a harsh example of:

political risk.

MNCs that are oriented toward the markets of individual foreign host countries are considered _____.

polycentric companies

The relationship between social responsibility and financial performance has been shown to be:

positive

_____ justice requires that rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced.

procedural

_____ theories explain how workers select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful

process

At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory, observing other workers and watching them get rewarded for doing their jobs well. This is an example of:

vicarious learning

In the _____ approach of structural design, departments are independent, contracting services to the central hub for a profit.

virtual network

Walt works for a large company. Recently, his organization began to contract out such functions as training, engineering, and computer service. This approach is consistent with a _____ structure.

virtual network

Organizational _____ means that an organization pursues a positive human impact, moral goodness, and unconditional society betterment for its own sake.

viruousness

_____ (objects, taboos, holidays) is a sociocultural factor in the international environment.

religion

All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics, except

rely on the rule of demand

In the current external business environment, which of the following is true?

Joint ventures are on the rise.

The Family and Medical Leave Act requires employers to provide up to _____ weeks unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or family emergencies

12

How many nations signed on for negotiation when GATT was created in 1947?

23

A multinational corporation typically receives at least _____ percent of its total sales revenues from outside the parent's home country.

25

A quality circle is a group of _____ volunteer employees

6 to 12

What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication

80 percent

The recommended management style from the leadership grid is:

9,9

Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work principles. These are part of which management philosophy?

Administrative principles approach

Which of the following defines a technique that uses a face-to-face group to spontaneously suggest a broad range of alternatives for decision making?

Brainstorming

The _____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance

E -> P expectancy

_____ place an emphasis on a worldwide perspective

Geocentric companies

A key finding in the Hawthorne studies was which of these?

Human relations increased productivity.

_____ standards represent an international standard for quality management.

ISO 9000

Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?

It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs

Which of these is true about the cash cow?

It has a large market share in a slow growth industry

Which organization originated and supports the idea of small businesses operating on a global level?

NAFTA

Which of the following means that an organization accommodates several subcultures?

pluralism

Which of the following is NOT ​one of the benefits of MBO?

Operational goals are able to displace strategic goals.

Shirley works in the human resource department at Turtle Shells, Inc. She believes she is seeing an increase in drinking problems among the workforce. She thinks she needs to investigate further. She is at what stage of the managerial decision making process?

Recognition of decision requirement

The planning process begins with which of these?

The development of a mission statement

Which of the following structures works best in an uncertain organizational environment?

a horizontal structure

After every quarterly board meeting, Bernice's Bracelets, Inc. announces big changes. They usually do not follow through on these changes. What is causing this lack of enthusiasm

a lack of trust

Your company is interested in producing and marketing a line of coffee that will penetrate the Chinese market. Your firm is willing to supply the equipment, products, product ingredients, trademark, and standardized operating system to entrepreneurs. What type of strategy are you going to use?

a franchise

Phlex Plastic has a very strong set of corporate values. In fact, Phlex has been known to discourage the emergence of alternative values. Phlex is most likely:

a monoculture

Bierderlack has a policy that states that more than three absences in a six-month period shall result in a suspension. Colleen, the manager, has just decided to suspend one of her shift employees for violating this policy. This is an example of:

a programmed decision

Any group within or outside the organization that has an interest in the organization's performance is called:

a stakeholder

Double Click, Inc. has a number of strategic business units. Their hand-held computer unit has a large market share in this rapidly growing industry. Their hand-held computer business would be classified as:

a star

A(n) _____ ratio measures internal performance with respect to key activities defined by management

activity

Which of the following is a characteristic of the large-group intervention model?

addresses the entire system

The _____ model of decision making describes how managers actually make decisions in difficult situations, such as those characterized by nonprogrammed decision, uncertainty, and ambiguity.

administrative

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors?

agreeableness

Traits of _____seem to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations.

agreeableness

______ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

agreeableness

A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviors have been deemed undesirable because of the potentially negative ethical consequences, making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong, is considered

an ethical dilemma

Which of the following provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics

an idea incubator

Managers are considered to have a(n) _____ style when they prefer to consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather.

analytical

Creative organizations

are loosely structured

Strategic conversations include:

asking questions

______ are judgments about what caused a person's behavior-something about the person or something about the situation.

attributions

______ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

authoritarianism

_____ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organizationally desired outcomes

authority

_____, according to the Leadership Grid, occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation.

authority compliance

The _____ leadership style matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development

autocratic

_____ is the degree to which the worker has freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks.

autonomy

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

avoidance learning

____ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior.

avoidance learning

Stella, a systems manager for a large technology company, would like to get an understanding of her company's financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at the end of the fiscal year. Which financial statement should she refer to?

balance sheet

The _____ provides three types of information: assets, liabilities, and owners' equity

balance sheet

Managers with a(n) _____ style may make decisions that help others achieve their goals

behavioral

People with a(n) _____ style usually are concerned with the personal development of others and may make decisions that help others achieve their goals.

behavioral

The _____ style is often the style adopted by managers having a deep concern for others as individuals

behavioral

The Forestville Freeze is regionally known for its employee training programs. Managers at the Freeze conduct research to determine the best candidate interviewing techniques. This involves the use of which management approach?

behavioral sciences approach

The _____ is developed from critical incidents pertaining to job performance. Each job performance scale is anchored with specific behavioral statements that describe varying degrees of performance

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

Since not-for-profit organizations do not have a conventional _____, managers may struggle with the question of what constitutes results and effectiveness.

bottom line

The Digitec company has recently decided to design and manufacture a laptop that retails for under $50, in an effort to make information technology available to people in places like rural Africa and rural India. This is known as what type of strategy

bottom of the pyramid strategy

A budgeting process in which lower-level managers budget their departments' resource needs and pass them up to top management for approval is called _____ budgeting.

bottom up

Most executives now believe that important information flows from the:

bottom up

Roberta is a top-level executive at a banking institution. She spends a significant part of her day meeting with local government officials, everyday consumers, and federal banking officials to address key issues in the banking industry. Roberta's role can best be described as:

boundary-spanning

Which of the following roles is assumed by people and/or departments that link and coordinate the organization with key elements in the external environment?

boundary-spanning

Melissa is a manager at InStylez Clothing. Her job is very complex and she feels that she does not have enough time to identify and/or process all the information she needs to make decisions. Melissa's situation is most consistent with which of the following concepts?

bounded rationality

As a top manager, Joanna works with others within her team every day in making important corporate decisions. Her preferred decision-making approach is to generate as many alternatives to problems as possible in a short amount of time. This approach is referred to as:

brainstorming

The economy of _____, already the seventh largest in the world, is projected to move into fourth place by 2050.

brazil

Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness?

bulletins

Weber's vision of organizations that would be managed on an impersonal, rational basis is called a(n) _____.

bureaucracy

_____ is an approach to boundary spanning which results from using sophisticated software to search through large amounts of internal and external data to spot patterns, trends, and relationships that might be significant.

business intelligence

A Level I leader is:

capable

The _____ lists planned investments in major assets such as buildings, trucks, and heavy machinery, often involving expenditures over more than a year.

capital budget

The _____ plans future investments in major assets to be depreciated over several years.

capital budget

The second stage in Lewin's change model, _____ , occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace.

changing

When a group of workers have routine tasks to perform, a _____ communication structure allows more time for the task to be completed

centralized

A(n) _____ is a team communication structure in which team members communicate through a single individual to solve problems or make decisions.

centralized network

_____ means that all the information the decision-maker needs is fully available.

certainty

An OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change is called a(n) _____

change agent

Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity?

change equity

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?

changing perceptions

When an electronic mail system is installed as part of the communication system, what element of the communication process is changed?

channel

The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode is known as _____.

channel richness

Marion is a great manager and he has a number of special skills. In particular, Marion has the ability to get his subordinates to do more than would be normally expected. Which of the following terms best describes Marion?

charismatic leader

The _____ has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice

charismatic leader

As a first step into international business, which two countries are most companies going to today?

china and india

Which of the following created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?

civil right act

A(n) _____ is a formal statement of the company's values concerning ethics and social issues; it communicates to employees what the company stands for.

code of ethics

When values and standards are written into the legal system, it is referred to as _____.

codified law

Sandbox Sally's, Inc. is making some changes to the work schedules of its employees. Some of the employees are not happy with the changes. As their manager, Harry tells them that they can accept it or leave. What approach to change implementation is Harry using?

coercion

Matthew is Mandy's supervisor. He promises to fire her if she does not engage in sexual activity with him. This type of sexual harassment would be categorized as:

coercion with threat of punishment.

Beth, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments as ways of influencing the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is Beth relying on?

coercive power

The _____ dimension of the global mind-set means knowing about the global environment and global business, mentally understanding how cultures differ, and having the ability to interpret complex global changes

cognitive

When people from two or more departments work together to produce outcomes that meet a common goal, this is referred to as _____.

collaboration

When trying to overcome the resistance for change, which approach is best suited when change is technical?

communication

Monetary payments and nonmonetary goods or benefits used to reward employees are known as _____.

compensation

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

compensation needs

People with a(n) _____ style rely on information from both people and systems and like to solve problems creatively.

conceptual

Which of the following is a follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills?

conformist

_____ is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust.

consideration

Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called:

consideration and initiating structure

In today's business environment, many companies have shifted away from the _____ culture, which supports and rewards a methodical, rational, and orderly way of doing things.

consistency

Which of the following cultures values and rewards a methodical, rational, orderly way of doing things?

consistency culture

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

content

_____ theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

content

A model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and specific organizational situations is called a(n) _____ approach.

contingency

Plans that define company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies, setbacks, or unexpected conditions are called _____ plans.

contingency

In order to determine how to deal with a problem employee, Sharon evaluated the employee, the problem, and the context in which the problem occurred. She is applying which of the following perspectives?

contingency view

_____ are people who work for an organization, but not on a permanent or full-time basis.

contingent workers

The implementation of a large number of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis is referred to as _____.

continuous improvement

With _____ decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels.

decentralization

In a(n) _____ network, individuals can communicate freely with other team members.

decentralized

When top executives work with managers in major divisions or departments to develop their own goals and plans, it is known as _____ planning

decentralized

_____ control uses cultural values, traditions, shared beliefs, and trust to generate compliance with organizational goals

decentralized

A group of planning specialists assigned to major departments and divisions to help managers develop their own strategic plans is called _____.

decentralized planning staff

Alabama Airlines has three planning specialists who help division managers develop their own division plans. Serving as consultants to the divisions, the planning specialists give advice about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Alabama Airlines is utilizing what approach to the planning function?

decentralized planning staff

A(n) _____ is a choice made from available alternatives.

decision

Differences among people with respect to how they perceive problems and make decisions is called _____.

decision style

To translate the symbols used in a message for the purpose of interpreting its meaning is called _____.

decoding

_____ and _____ are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters.

decoding, encoding

_____ is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy.

delegation

Jeff is a top manager at a textile factory. He is developing a crisis plan in the event that the company has a toxic spill or accident. Which of the following should Jeff undertake to prepare for such a crisis?

designating a crisis management team in the event of an environmental disaster

Examples of nonprogrammed decisions would include the decision to

develop a new product or service

A(n) _____ is assigned the role of challenging the assumptions and assertions made by the group.

devils advocate

The step in the decision making process in which managers analyze the underlying causal factors associated with the situation is called _____.

diagnosis

Which of the following strategies involves rewarding an employee's innovation?

differentiation

With a(n) _____ strategy, the organization attempts to develop innovative products unique to the market.

differentiation

Managers who use a(n) _____ style are efficient and rational and prefer to rely on existing rules or procedures for making decisions.

directive

Which style is used by people who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems?

directive

Which of the following responsibilities is purely voluntary and is guided by a company's desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, law, or ethics?

discretionary

_____ is the hiring or promoting of applicants based on criteria that are not job relevant.

discrimination

Of the management trends that have been popular over the past decade, managers are most aware of:

e-business

people with an external locus of control are:

easier to manage

____ followers are critical, independent thinkers and are active in the organization.

effective

Jessica was recently praised by her supervisor for displaying superior customer service during an encounter with a problem customer. This is an example of organizational:

effectiveness

The degree to which an organization achieves a stated goal refers to:

effectiveness

When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger positive emotions in employees, this is known as ______.

emotional contagion

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors?

emotional stability

____ is necessary for communication to be considered two-way

feedback

A state of _____ exists whenever the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs equals the ratio of another's outcomes to inputs.

equity

The tendency of organizations to invest time and money in a solution despite strong evidence that is not appropriate is referred to as:

escalating commitment.

What is the first step in the feedback control system?

establishing standards of performance

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Nelson is motivated by which category of needs?

esteem

_____ means that managers are honest and trustworthy, fair in their dealings with employees and customers, and behave ethically in both their personal and professional lives

ethical leadership

The belief that one's own group or subculture is inherently superior to other groups or cultures is known as _____.

ethnocentrism

_____ is the belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal.

ethnorelativism

The _____ is the single European currency that has replaced 12 national currencies

euro

The highest total number of ISO 9000 certifications is held in:

europe

An alliance begun in 1957 to improve economic and social conditions among its members, it has evolved into the 27-nation _____.

european union

Genna is collecting data on how well the organization has done since their new strategy was implemented. She is in what stage of the managerial decision making process?

evaluation and feedback

_____ decision making involves a commitment to making more informed and intelligent decisions based on the best available facts and evidence.

evidence based

_____ is important because decision making is a continuous, never ending process

feedback

A(n) _____ includes anticipated and actual expenses for each responsibility center and for the total organization

expense budget

Which of the following includes anticipated and actual expenses for a responsibility center?

expense budget

Power resulting from a leader's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks performed by followers is referred to as _____.

expert power

The level of corporate culture in which values are so deeply embedded that members are no longer consciously aware of them is:

expressed values and beliefs

Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having a(n):

external locus of controleasier

_____ rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions and pay increases

extrinsic

Louise, a top-level manager at INF Inc., has the difficult task of informing 12 employees that they are about to be laid off. Which communication channel should Louise use to break the news?

face to face

The adaptability culture emerges in an environment that requires _____ response and _____ decision making.

fast; high-risk

All well-designed control systems involve the use of _____ to determine whether performance meets established standards.

feedback

A(n) _____ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels

flat

_____ is a motivational compensation program that allows workers to set their own hours

flextime

Mingles, Inc. concentrates its efforts on its target market of 18 to 25 year olds. It is using a(n) _____ strategy.

focus

_____ channels are those that flow within the chain of command or task responsibility defined by the organization.

formal communication

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need is referred to as a(n) _____.

frustration regression principle

A(n) ______ structure is the grouping of positions into departments based on similar skills, expertise, and resource use

functional

Organ Rentals Corporation has been having numerous problems. Communication across departments is poor and decisions are backing up at the top of the organization. Organ Rentals uses a _____ structure.

functional

Which of the following structures is most consistent with a strategy of stability?

functional structure

Conolly Company uses internal recruiting whenever possible. This practice:

generates increased employee commitment

Which workforce generation category is characterized as ambitious but lacking loyalty to the organization?

generation Y

All of the following are key steps of setting up feedback control systems, except:

getting employee opinions

Josephine would like to become part of an elite manager network at her company so she can get access to general and line management experience to help her succeed within the company. However, she learns that the manager network is made up exclusively of men. This demonstrates which factor affecting women's career

glass ceiling

The invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions is known as the _____.

glass ceiling

_____ means engaging in the international division of labor so that manufacturing can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and supplies.

global outsourcing

Go RVing, a U.S. company, built a subsidiary from scratch in England. This is an example of

greenfield venture

Colby is a new interviewer who just finished an interview with Renee. Her professional style and her flawless grooming immediately struck him. Colby gave Renee a very good evaluation although her previous work experience and educational background were not that exceptional. What rating error did Colby succumb to?

halo effect

The ______ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.

halo effect

Of all management duties, one of the things managers like the least is:

handling paperwork

Culture can be defined as:

he set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by members of an organization.

Steve Jobs exemplified the _____ figure in corporate culture

hero

At LBK Industries, responsibility for quality control rests with a team of quality control inspectors and supervisors rather than with employees. LBK uses what type of organizational control?

hierarchical control

Kim, a Japanese expatriate working in Denmark, tends to use communication primarily to build personal social relationships. She feels that relationships and trust are more important than business. Kim is surprised that her business associates in Denmark do not share the same views. Based on this information, Kim most likely grew up in what type of culture?

high-context

All of the following are current strategic issues of particular concern to managers, except:

hiring the right people to become more competitive on a local basis

Which racial or ethnic category currently represents the largest and fastest growing minority group?

hispanic

Which of the following is a desired characteristic of both leaders and followers?

honesty

_____ communication is the lateral or diagonal exchange of messages among peers or coworkers

horizontal

Makai's Marketing Mix (MMM) does not use its resources wisely. The employees at MMM spend too much time in meetings and not enough time focusing on the task at hand. MMM's management should consider changing the organizational structure from _____ to _____.

horizontal; vertical

_____ refers to the economic value of the knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees.

human capital

A country that places emphasis on fairness and values kindness would be described by the GLOBE Project as high in _____.

humane orientation

From the 1950s until today, which management perspective has remained the most prevalent?

humanistic

____ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.

humility

Factors that involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions or pay, are known as _____.

hygiene factors

Ashley has average technical skills but her real strengths lay in visualizing the benefits of other's ideas and in finding financial and political support for these ideas. Ashley is an excellent example of a(n)

idea champion

Peter has the ability to convince others to work toward the attainment of goals. This ability is known as:

leadership

Which of the following is not a dividend of workplace diversity?

increased costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

When everyone is pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest is an example of the

individualism approach

Upward communication is usually used to communicate information about all of the following, except:

indoctrination

A social group within an organization is part of the

informal organization

_____ is the extent to which the leader is task oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal attainment.

initiating structure

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as _____ .

innovation roles

_____ refers to services that are perishable and, unlike physical products, cannot be stored in inventory

intangible output

The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals is known as _____

leadership

Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing?

intelligence and ability

In _____, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority.

interactive leadership

It is often difficult to make decisions about subsystems because they are:

interdependent

The involvement culture has a(n) _____ focus on the involvement and participation of employees to rapidly meet changing needs from the environment

internal

Frank regretfully missed an important deadline at work. His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." This is an example of what kind of attribution?

internal attribution

In the process of implementing the balanced scorecard approach at his company, operations manager Seth Howard wonders whether internal activities and processes add value for customers and shareholders. This involves which dimension of the balanced scorecard?

internal business processes

Molly Madison received "The Employee of the Month" Award at Internal Workings Remodeling Service in April. Molly would be considered a part of which of these for Internal Workings?

internal environment

Executives at One World Advertising have learned that it is necessary to establish strong personal relationships and emotional bonds with Chinese business partners. This relates most closely to which dimension of the general business environment?

international

The management of business operations conducted in more than one country is called:

international management

_____ are stressors associated with relationships in the organization.

interpersonal demands

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by:

intrinsic rewards

Leadership is reciprocal, according to your text. This means:

it occurs among people

The systematic process of gathering and interpreting information about essential duties refers to _____

job analysis

____ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.

job design

Ally's Applesauce is in the process of hiring sixty new workers. The personnel department has a large pool of unskilled labor to draw from due to the high unemployment rate in the local area. Which dimension of the external environment is involved here?

labor market

High-Low Productions recently appointed 75 employees and external stakeholders to a temporary group that would discuss problems and opportunities, and would gather perspectives on changes that need to take place within the company. High-Low Productions is utilizing which organizational change tool?

large group intervention

The thinking underlying the domain of ____ is the closest to the justice approach

law

The assumption that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated is the basis for the _____.

law of effect

Vision, innovation, nurturing, and personal power are examples of _____ qualities.

leader

if a manager finds a severe decline in employee morale and direction, he or she may need to spend more time in the _____ role.

leader

The leader who stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision is a _____ leader

level 4

According to Mintzberg, which of these is an interpersonal role?

liaison

A(n) _____ ratio indicates an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations

liquidity

About 75 percent of effective communication is:

listening

The skills of _____ require receiving messages to accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the meaning of the message

listening

_____ involves the skill of grasping both facts and feelings to interpret a message's genuine meaning.

listening

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally) is called the ______.

locus of control

The idea that people are strongly motivated by a potential loss, such as a financial penalty, is known as _____.

loss aversion

Which of the following is a characteristic of a traditional management approach

managers supervise team members' tasks

In a study by Kotter and Haskett evidence is provided to support the claim that _____ is important for performance.

managing cultural values

Which of the following typically is NOT considered a staff department?

manufacturing

All of the following are cultural dimensions as defined by the GLOBE Project, except

masculinity

Austria's cultural preference is for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material success. This would be considered:

masculinity

_____ stands for preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, work centrality (with resultant high stress), and material success

masculinity

Swift Move Facilities manufacturers two different bicycle models. The company produces a high volume of products using standardized production runs. The company does very little product customization. Swift Move uses what type of technology structure?

mass production

The _____ combines aspects of both functional and divisional structures simultaneously, in the same part of the organization

matrix approach

When two or more organizations combine to become one, it is referred to as a:

merger

The profit-maximizing view of economic responsibility is advocated by:

milton friedman

By using resources in an efficient and effective manner, managers may reach their ultimate responsibility of achieving high _____

performance

A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is called a(n) _____.

monoculture

The _____ is an individual responsible for making an ethical choice.

moral agent

The _____ approach asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision

moral rights

Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior

motivation

_____ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

motivation

Before implementing new changes in work schedules, Trudy's Trinkets works with the union to ensure a smooth transition. What approach to change is this company using?

negotiation

A disparity between existing and desired performance levels is known as a(n) _____

need for change

A situational variable that counteracts a leadership style is known as a(n) _____.

neutralizer

Which of the following countries has the most secretive economy?

nigeria

According to Fast Company, in 2013, _____ was ranked as the World's Most Innovative Company

nike

_____ decisions are made in response to situations that are unique, are poorly defined and largely unstructured, and have important consequences for the organization.

nonprogrammed

When interviewing prospective employees, Samuel, a seasoned manager, often observes hand gestures, facial expressions, and use of space to gauge individuals' personalities. These are all examples of:

nonverbal communication

Sharing financial information and results with all employees in the organization is called _____ management

open book

Silver n' Gold Inc. recently introduced a new control philosophy where all employees have access to the same information that owners have, such as what money is coming in and where it is going. This is an example of which control philosophy?

open book management

_____ means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry

open innovation

When _____ deviates from a(n) _____, managers must interpret the deviation.

performance; standard

The Maquiladora industry along the Texas-Mexico border on the Mexico side uses cheap labor for assembling products. This lowers the price for U.S. consumers and is an example of:

outsourcing

Which of the following refers to engaging in the international division of labor so as to obtain the cheapest sources of labor and supplies regardless of country?

outsourcing

The _____ approach is the most appropriate when users have the power to resist the proposed change.

participation

Errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process are called ______.

perceptual distortions

According to Herzberg, _____ is an example of a hygiene factor.

pay

_____ is incentive pay that ties at least part of compensation to employee effort and performance.

pay for performance

Jurgen is one of several middle managers sent to a training course on leadership skills. Through this effort, the organization is attempting

people change

_____ is the criterion traditionally used to classify countries as developed or developing.

per capita income

The process people use to make sense of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment is referred to as ______.

perception

_____ means that an organization accommodates several subcultures, including employees who would otherwise feel isolated and ignored.

pluralism

____ are the most basic human physical needs, including food, water, and oxygen.

physiological needs

A blueprint specifying the resource allocations schedules, and other actions necessary for attaining goals is referred to as a(n)

plan

A(n) _____ is a blueprint for goal achievement and specifies the necessary resource allocations, schedules, tasks, and other actions

plan

Of the strategic management functions, which is considered the most fundamental

planning

When senior managers at Gap, Inc. decided to become the number one service-quality clothing company in the world, they were engaging in the management function of

planning

Which of the following is a commonly-cited limitation of planning?

plans can create a false sense of security

When the USS Indianapolis sank after being torpedoed, one Navy pilot disobeyed orders and risked his life to save men who were being picked off by sharks. The Navy pilot was operating from the _____ level of moral development.

postconventional

A high need for _____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland.

power

_____ is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others.

power

The _____ approach to ethical decision making sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account

practical

At the _____ level of personal moral development, individuals are most concerned with external rewards and punishments

preconventional

Statements that define fundamental values and reference organizational responsibilities, products and employees are often called:

principle based

Net income divided by sales is the correct formula for calculating:

profit margin on sales

The _____ approach to economic responsibility means that economic gain is the only social responsibility and can lead companies into trouble

profit maximizing

_____ decisions are associated with decision rules.

programmed

A(n) _____ is a person who is responsible for coordinating the activities of several departments for the completion of a specific project.

project manager

Selina is meeting with her subordinate Mike for his annual performance review. At the end of the review, Mike tells Selina that he is confused about some things she said. By asking Selina to explain certain things in more detail, Mike is engaging in which component of the communication process?

providing feedback

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

punishment

Terry manages a food distribution company that is highly focused on creating a strong cohesive culture, but the company does not tie organizational values directly to goals and desired business results. Terry's company most likely falls in which quadrant of organizational performance and culture?

quadrant D

Within his role as a financial accountant, Roger uses the capital asset pricing model and other mathematical tools to help clients keep track of their finances. Which perspective or approach does Roger apply most at his work?

quantitative perspective

According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?

rational authority

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these, except:

relaxed lifestyle

Smileline Inc. has an onsite daycare facility and provides employees fulltime daycare at a very low cost. The company implemented this years ago when managers realized that childcare responsibilities were contributing to high turnover and absenteeism. This example highlights which dividend of workplace diversity?

reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

Flash Card Inc. recently underwent a significant company-wide change that involved revision of its manufacturing and leadership processes. The result of this was a stronger emphasis on horizontal coordination. This level of change is referred to as:

reengineering

_____ is the radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed

reengineering

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

reinforcement theory

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. Alderfer would say he is motivated by:

relatedness needs

Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were:

relationship oriented and task oriented

Your grocery store in India is having trouble getting the local farmers to supply you with the proper produce. This is a problem with India's:

resource market

_____ forces are the various barriers to change, such as a lack of resources, resistance from middle managers, or inadequate employee skills

restraining

Some companies are practicing _____ innovation by creating innovative, low-cost products for emerging markets and then quickly and inexpensively repackaging them for sale in developed countries.

reverse

Power that results from the authority to reward others is called _____.

reward power

____ is the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity of gaining an increased payoff.

risk propensity

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ______.

role ambiguity

______ means that decision-makers choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria.

satisficing

Rebecca works for a company that has clearly defined lines of authority. Each employee knows that he or she has authority and responsibility for a distinct set of tasks. Employees are also aware of the company's reporting structure as well as successive management levels all the way to the top. Rebecca's company follows which principle?

scalar principle

Where does the information about opportunities and threats comes from?

scanning the external environments

Fred has been assigned to conduct a SWOT analysis for his organization, Acme, Inc. As part of this assignment, Fred will:

search for the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that impact his firm

All of the following are cognitive biases that can affect manager's judgment, except:

seeing what you don't want to see

A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

self awareness

Cyrus's Resort has proposed some major structural changes within their organization. Some of the employees fear that they will lose power with the changes. They begin voicing resistance to the changes. What barrier to change are they exhibiting

self interests

______ is the ability to engage in self-regulating thoughts and behaviors to accomplish all your tasks and handle challenging situations.

self management

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias?

self serving bias

______ means being conscious of the internal aspects of one's nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people.

self-awareness

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

self-efficacy

_____type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information.

sensation

Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which Myers-Briggs category?

sensation thinking

_____ is characterized by intangible outputs

service technology

Regina, owner and operator of a small restaurant, believes that her most important task as manager is establishing goals for the restaurant and deciding what must be done to achieve them. This involves which aspect of what managers do?

setting objectives

A contingency approach to leadership that links the leader's behavioral style with the task readiness of subordinates is called the _____.

situational theory

Which of the following is a quality control approach that emphasizes a relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs

six sigma

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?

some of her employees are low in growth need strength

Which of the following countries possesses a high degree of assertiveness?

spain

The _____ is the number of employees reporting to a supervisor.

span of management

One of the roles that a small business manager may emphasize over a counterpart in a large organization is:

spokesperson

_____ departments include all of those that provide specialized skills in support of _____ departments.

staff; line

A(n) _____ is any group within or outside the organization that has an interest or investment in the organization's performance.

stakeholder

A(n) _____ for leadership makes the leadership style unnecessary or redundant.

substitute

GreenTech Candies is a U.S.-based company that manufactures and distributes candy bars and snack foods globally. The company sources most of its cocoa and sugar from South American companies. This business relationship highlights which dimension of the task environment?

suppliers

_____ is(are) included in an organization's task environment.

suppliers

Jacob, a customer service representative for AB Retailers, has seven levels of management between himself and the company's CEO. In contrast, his friend Rhonda, a customer service representative for YZ Retailers, has only four levels of management between her and the company CEO. Compared to YZ, Jacob's company has what type of organizational structure

tall

The legal-political environment includes:

tariffs and taxes

The _____ environment includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions within the organization.

task

______ are stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job.

task demands

A(n) _____ is a temporary team designed to solve a short-term problem involving several departments

task force

Contingency factors that can influence the success of a TQM program in a negative way include all of the following, except

tasks make high skill demands on employees

A type of OD intervention that enhances the cohesiveness of departments by helping members learn to function as a team is called _____

team building

Which of the following is a contemporary approach to structural design in departmentalization

teams

_____ change is related to the organization's production process, i.e., how the organization does its work.

technology

Riley is a manager at the Tinker Tools. She is expected to make decisions that are in the organization's best economic interests. Her decisions should be based on which of the following models?

the classical model of decision making

A new drug has not been approved by the FDA to sell in the U.S. because further testing is needed. The company has a chance to sell its product in another country immediately to start recovering the costs of R & D and production three years ahead of time. This example places the decision in which of the categories from the text?

the ethical domain

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

the halo effect

Brad is a department manager at Home Theater, Inc. His sole role in the budget process is to implement the budget that is developed for him. This is an example of

top down budgeting

Disk Replacement Services has just completed a procedure manual to handle employee grievances. One of the main criteria is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently. Disk Replacement operates on:

the procedural justice approach

Decentralized control is usually implemented in all of the following areas, except:

the quality control department

Recently, Beagle Boutique was attempting to hire a middle manager. They were looking for an intelligent, confident, and honest individual. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using?

the trait approach

All of the following are advantages of a divisional structure, except:

there is little duplication of services across divisions

A cash budget estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis..

true

A change agent is an OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change

true

A chief ethics officer is a company executive who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance.

true

A country's physical facilities that support economic activities make up its infrastructure

true

A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal.

true

A diverse workforce is better able to anticipate and respond to changing consumer needs.

true

A formal communication channel is a communication channel that flows within the chain of command.

true

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

true

A joint venture involves a strategic alliance or program by two or more organizations.

true

A manager forwards information to other organization members in the disseminator role.

true

A narrative based on events within the organization that is frequently repeated is called an organizational story

true

A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization is called an idea champion.

true

A political lobbyist for General Motors fills an essential boundary-spanning role.

true

A standard for performance is included in an organization's overall strategic plan to compare organizational activities against.

true

A transformational leader is a leader distinguished by a special ability to bring about innovation and change.

true

According to expectancy theory, for an employee to be highly motivated, E-P expectancy and valence must be maximized

true

According to the GLOBE Project, gender differentiation refers to the extent to which a society maximizes gender role differences.

true

Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

true

Administrative and political decision making procedures and intuition have been associated with high performance in unstable environments in which decisions must be made rapidly and under more difficult conditions.

true

An MNC is managed as an integrated worldwide business system.

true

An activity ratio that measures how many times the inventory is turned over to meet the total sales figure is called the inventory turnover.

true

An ambidextrous approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and for the systematic implementation of innovations.

true

An emotion can be thought of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

true

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what type of personality?

type A

______ is a behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work

type A behavior

Bobby, a product manager, wants to increase the market share of his product. He is unsure about how to go about it, not knowing for sure how costs, price, the competition, and the quality of his product will interact to influence market share. Bobby is operating under a condition of:

uncertainty

Which of these means that managers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes?

uncertainty

_____ is lack of information about future events

uncertainty

One of Ruby's few flaws is that she does not consider possibilities beyond what she is told, accepting her supervisor's ideas without thinking. She can best be described as what type of thinker?

uncritical

The matrix structure violates which of the following principles of management?

unity of command

According to Fayol, similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager. This administrative principle is known as _____.

unity of direction

Formal _____ includes messages that flow from the lower to the higher levels in the organization's hierarchy.

upward communication

In the shift from an adversarial to a partnership orientation, an organization should:

use long-term contracts

Caleb is a manager at Computer-Care Company. He is expected to consider the effort of each decision alternative on all parties and select the one that optimizes the satisfaction for the greatest number of people. This is an example of the:

utilitarian approach

Robbie's Robots decided to continue operations at one plant while shutting down another. The decision was justified on the basis of what was best for the total corporation. This is an example of the:

utilitarian approach

Abbi works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbi agrees, but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbi?

valence

____ is the value of outcomes, or attraction for outcomes, for the individual.

valence

Which of these best illustrates the preconventional stage of moral development?

what am i going to get from making this decision

Employee disclosure of illegal organization activities is known as _____.

whistle blowing

During the fallout of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s, finance companies had to make important decisions in a highly ambiguous environment. The decision to buyout failed banks could best be described as what type of decision?

wicked decision problem

While interviews are _____, they are generally _____ predictors of subsequent job performance

widely used; not valid

Which of these employee behaviors matches with the conventional level of personal moral development?

work group collaboration