MGMT II Ch. 2

Which of the management theorists attending the dinner developed eight "fundamental necessities" of business administration?

Charles Clinton Spaulding

_____ is best known for his ideas about cooperation and the acceptance of authority.v

Chester Barnard

Which of the following is a characteristic of a bureaucracy as described by Max Weber?

Clear division of tasks, responsibilities, and authority

_____ is an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict.

Compromise

Next, you look at the problems in the department. Liam's idea that a strong leader could pull the group together is very similar to Chester Barnard's concept of _______ in organizations.

cooperation

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ refers to kind, fair, and just treatment for all.

equity

The point of integrative conflict resolution is to:

have both conflicting parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

According to Mary Parker Follett, when two desires are _____, it means that a solution has been found in which both desires have found a place and neither side has to sacrifice anything.

integrated

Henri Fayol believed that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss. This is known as:

unity of command.

Frederick W. Taylor is speaking to a friend about scientific management. Which of the following statements might Frederick say?

"Have you considered paying workers for what they produce? I found that when i paid employees by the pice, their productivity went up." explanation: Scientific management emphasizes the scientific study of work, with the idea that managers can find the most efficient way to work and then train all employees to work that way. Frederick Taylor also believed that managers and employees should work together to meet the goals of both parties. For managers, this means helping employees work more efficiently, and for employees, this means getting paid for what they produce. Bureaucratic management emphasizes using standard procedures and written rules to improve the efficiency of the entire organization. Administrative management focused on the total organization and on identifying management guidelines that will help the company operate more effectively. Scalar chains were suggested by Henri Fayol.

Danielle is a manager at a restaurant. The employees bring to her notice that they are dissatisfied with their jobs; they feel they are not paid enough for the number of hours they work. They demand a 20 percent increase in their salaries and a two-hour reduction in their working hours. After several rounds of negotiations, both Danielle and her employees agree on a 15 percent salary hike and a reduction of one hour in their working hours. The concept of _____ is illustrated in this scenario.

compromise

Fiedler's theory and others like it are called _______ theories, and they imply that the most effective management technique changes with the situation.

contingency

The _____ to management holds that there are no universal management theories.

contingency approach

In the context of systems management, _____ can function without interacting with their environments.

closed systems

_____ first proposed the idea of bureaucratic organizations.

Max Weber

_____ were the first to introduce numbering, standardization, and interchangeability of parts in the management system.

Venetians

_____ is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole.

A system

Finally, you consider how to start solving the problems in the organization. What would Chester Barnard recommend you do in this situation? Check all that apply.

Be sure that your orders are understood and that your employees have the ability to carry them out. Match your directions with the overall strategy of the organization; at the same time, help people achieve their personal goals. Place an emphasis on cooperation in the organization. Set high goals and make sure that everyone recognizes his or her part in achieving them.

_____ invented the printing press in the 14th century.

Johannes Gutenberg

While building the ancient pyramids, the Egyptians performed several management functions. They submitted written requests and consulted staff for advice before making decisions. The Egyptians performed which of the following functions of management?

Controlling Organizing Planning

_____ demonstrated that human factors related to work were more important than the physical conditions or design of the work.

Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies

A _____ is a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task.

Gantt chart

Finally, you consider how to start solving the problems in the organization. What would Mary Parker Follett recommend you do in this situation? Check all that apply.

Get Destiny and Marjorie into one room. Have them present their visions of what a fundraising event should be, and then brainstorm with them to find ways to achieve both of their goals. Remember that you must have power with, not over, your team. So when you ask Andry and Marjorie to write more, be sure to give them facts and information they need to understand the reason for your request.

This individual created a chart to inform managers whether production was on schedule, behind schedule, or ahead of schedule.

Henry Gantt

One steering committee member insists that the AOM choose the location by using state-of-the-art information management to compile data about member locations and members' history of attending past annual meetings. This reflects which approach to management?

Information management

Which of the following is true of a Gantt chart?

It shows time in various units on the x-axis and tasks on the y-axis.

Which of the following is true of the contingency approach to management?

It suggests that managers need to spend more time analyzing problems, situations, and employees before taking action to fix them.

This individual was one of the first contributors to industrial psychology and their work convinced the government to enact laws regarding workplace safety, ergonomics, and child labor.

Lilian Gilbreth

_____ believed that coordination and control should be based on facts and information.

Mary Parker Follet

In the context of scientific management, which of the following studies involved the breaking of each task or job into separate movements and the elimination of those that were unnecessary or repetitive to simplify work?

Motion study

Who among the following was the first individual to follow the management practice of wage incentives and production control?

Nebuchadnezzar

_____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

Operations Management

_____ uses a quantitative or mathematical approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories.

Operations Management

According to Max Weber, which of the following characterizes one of the elements of bureaucratic organizations?

Rules and procedures apply to all members of an organization.

_____ were the first to keep written records as part of their management practice.

Sumerians

_____ occurs when two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart.

Synergy

Mary Parker Follet proposed:

The theories of constructive conflict and coordination.

_____ contributed to the history of management thought and practice by using the four functions of management—planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Xenophon

_____ was the first individual to recognize management as a separate art.

Xenophon

According to Chester Barnard, an organization is:

a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people

The aim of bureaucracy is to:

achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

A systems view of organizations forces managers to:

be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization.

Next, you look at the problems in the department. Marjorie's practice of tormenting Andry with instant messages is very similar to the practice of _________ observed by Elton Mayo when he was conducting the Hawthorne Studies at the Western Electric Company.

binging

Green Tractor Inc. faced a major conflict. The employees asked for a 10 percent raise in salary and a more flexible schedule. However, the management declared that it needed to freeze salaries and lay off 100 employees. After months of tense negotiations, the management declined the employees' requests, and as per its plan, it froze salaries and fired 100 employees. This approach to dealing with conflict is known as:

domination

Next, you look at the problems in the department. Destiny and Marjorie seem to be using the _______ approach to conflict resolution that Mary Parker Follett warned against.

domination explanation: Mary Parker Follett advocated integrative conflict resolution and cautioned against domination, where one party wins and another party loses. Marjorie and Destiny appear to be using domination to solve their differences, with Marjorie prevailing on a regular basis. As noted in the case, this leads to resentment.

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, the term _____ refers to developing a strong sense of morale and unity among workers that encourages coordination of efforts.

esprit de corps

According to the Hawthorne Studies, _____.

financial incentives aren't necessarily the most important motivator for workers

According to Max Weber, in bureaucratic organizations, _____ should decide who gets promoted.

managers

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are best known for their use of _____ to simplify work.

motion studies

In the context of systems management, _____ can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments on which they depend for their survival.

open systems

The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were:

paper and the printing press.

_______ occurs when a group member has a work pace that is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group.

rate buster

Max Weber believed that tasks and responsibilities should be ______ .

shared among all employees

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience foods, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for all the other regions). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____.

subsystems

Another person noticed the steering committee lacked anyone with a marketing background. He suggested adding an AOM member with marketing experience, possibly creating a committee that is more productive than one in which each member works alone. In other words, the marketing expert may create:

synergy

According to Chester Barnard, the extent to which workers willingly cooperate in an organization depends on:

the workers' perception of executive authority.

The industrial revolution brought about several changes to jobs and organizations. One such change is that _____ replaced _______.

unskilled laborers skilled artisans