bio- mendel and inheritance

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What is a dominant gene and a recessive gene?

A dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, which can come from just one parent. For a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two copies, one from each parent.

Is having a dominant trait more "normal" or "common" in a population of organisms?

No

The widows peak hairline gene is dominant. What are the two possible genotypes an individual might have if they have a widow's peak phenotype? (hint: a genotype will be a 2 letter combination that is case sensitive)

WW or Ww

Genome

a complete set of genetic information for an organism

what describes dominant alleles

an allele that can hide the presence of a different allele

Which of the following defines an individual that is true-breeding for a particular trait?

an individual that is homozygous for the gene that encodes the trait

Within the context of genetics, which statement best describes an organism with a wild type phenotype?

an organism that has the phenotype that occurs the least frequently in natural populations

what describes recessive alleles

any allele whose presence can be masked by another allele

A trait, such as height, has high heritability because much of the variation between individuals is the result of genetic variation. However, not all of the variation for height in a population can be attributed to genetic variation alone. Why does genetic variation not always determine the differences in a given trait between individuals?

changes in the environment can influence the expression of a gene

autosome

chromsome that does not determine sex

progeny

descendant of a human, animal, plant

What are the basic steps plant breeders follow in the process called cross-fertilization?

domestication, germaplasm collection, plant introduction, hybridization

What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype?

homo- same lettering same alleles hetero- different lettering different alleles

What is the offspring of a genetic cross between two true-breeding organisms with different genotypes called?

hybrid

Why are linked genes often inherited together?

linked genes are close together on the same chromosome

Who was Gregor Mendel and what organism did he work with?

monk who was a scientist who studied pea plants

Can all behavior of an organism be explained by genes? Why or why not?

no because environment can also affect this

Can attributes you develop in your lifetime (like big muscles due to lots of working out in the gym) get passed down to your children? Why or why not?

no because only your genes can be passed down

What exactly does a Punnett Square show? Know how to fill in a simple Punnett square and interpret the results.

outcome of phenotype and genotype

What's the difference between a P generation, an F1 generation and an F2 generation? Which generation can be likened to a human parent? Which generation can be likened to a human child? Which generation can be likened to a human grandchild?

p gen- parent F1- children F2- grand children

what statement describes a genotype

pair of DNA sequences an organism has for a trait

genotype

pair of allele combination, rr, genetic combinations in an organism

phenotype

physical expression of a gene the way an organism looks for functions as determined by its genes, red hair, sickle cell anemia

what describes a phenotype

physical trait produces by an organism's genetic makeup

true breeding plant

plant that has the same spelling for both alleles

gene

segment of DNA in which the code of a protein is located

Which of the following ideas was developed to explain the physical basis of Mendel\'s finding that hereditary factors undergo segregation and independent assortment?

the chromosomal theory of inheritance

How is a true breeding round-seeded pea plant different from a hybrid round-seeded pea plant?

they have the same phenotype but different genotypes

allele

variation of a gene, R or r

chromosome

vehicles of genetic information made of DNA and protein


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