bio- mendel and inheritance
What is a dominant gene and a recessive gene?
A dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, which can come from just one parent. For a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two copies, one from each parent.
Is having a dominant trait more "normal" or "common" in a population of organisms?
No
The widows peak hairline gene is dominant. What are the two possible genotypes an individual might have if they have a widow's peak phenotype? (hint: a genotype will be a 2 letter combination that is case sensitive)
WW or Ww
Genome
a complete set of genetic information for an organism
what describes dominant alleles
an allele that can hide the presence of a different allele
Which of the following defines an individual that is true-breeding for a particular trait?
an individual that is homozygous for the gene that encodes the trait
Within the context of genetics, which statement best describes an organism with a wild type phenotype?
an organism that has the phenotype that occurs the least frequently in natural populations
what describes recessive alleles
any allele whose presence can be masked by another allele
A trait, such as height, has high heritability because much of the variation between individuals is the result of genetic variation. However, not all of the variation for height in a population can be attributed to genetic variation alone. Why does genetic variation not always determine the differences in a given trait between individuals?
changes in the environment can influence the expression of a gene
autosome
chromsome that does not determine sex
progeny
descendant of a human, animal, plant
What are the basic steps plant breeders follow in the process called cross-fertilization?
domestication, germaplasm collection, plant introduction, hybridization
What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype?
homo- same lettering same alleles hetero- different lettering different alleles
What is the offspring of a genetic cross between two true-breeding organisms with different genotypes called?
hybrid
Why are linked genes often inherited together?
linked genes are close together on the same chromosome
Who was Gregor Mendel and what organism did he work with?
monk who was a scientist who studied pea plants
Can all behavior of an organism be explained by genes? Why or why not?
no because environment can also affect this
Can attributes you develop in your lifetime (like big muscles due to lots of working out in the gym) get passed down to your children? Why or why not?
no because only your genes can be passed down
What exactly does a Punnett Square show? Know how to fill in a simple Punnett square and interpret the results.
outcome of phenotype and genotype
What's the difference between a P generation, an F1 generation and an F2 generation? Which generation can be likened to a human parent? Which generation can be likened to a human child? Which generation can be likened to a human grandchild?
p gen- parent F1- children F2- grand children
what statement describes a genotype
pair of DNA sequences an organism has for a trait
genotype
pair of allele combination, rr, genetic combinations in an organism
phenotype
physical expression of a gene the way an organism looks for functions as determined by its genes, red hair, sickle cell anemia
what describes a phenotype
physical trait produces by an organism's genetic makeup
true breeding plant
plant that has the same spelling for both alleles
gene
segment of DNA in which the code of a protein is located
Which of the following ideas was developed to explain the physical basis of Mendel\'s finding that hereditary factors undergo segregation and independent assortment?
the chromosomal theory of inheritance
How is a true breeding round-seeded pea plant different from a hybrid round-seeded pea plant?
they have the same phenotype but different genotypes
allele
variation of a gene, R or r
chromosome
vehicles of genetic information made of DNA and protein
