MGMT Last Test

Which of the following statements best describes negotiation? a.A cognitive response that occurs when interests and behaviors of one individual explicitly differs from that of another individual b.An increase in conflict that occurs when one person's negative behaviors encourage or foster another person's negative behaviors c.A situation that is characterized by uncertainty and risk and where the optimal decision is not clear or obvious d.A process by which two parties attempt to reach agreement on an issue by offering and reviewing various courses of action

D. A process by which two parties attempt to reach agreement on an issue by offering and reviewing various courses of action

Maria and Jose have worked together in the same office in the same position for quite some time. They have similar educational backgrounds and have been in the job for about the same period of time. Maria works extremely hard and often notices that Jose is taking long breaks and not putting in the same effort as she is. Thus, when she learns that Jose is paid $8000, more than what she earns, she gets very upset and decides to reduce her effort and take long breaks as well. Which of the following theories explains this behavior?

Equity theory

(T/F) Conflict de-escalation occurs when one person's negative behaviors encourage another person's negative behaviors.

False

(T/F) In many cases, interpersonal conflict arises when there is competition among groups over scarce resources.

False

(T/F) In the forming stage of team development, team members experience conflicts about interpersonal issues.

False

Which of the following responses to conflict must be adopted when a person is faced with a crisis situation?

Forcing

_____ refers to the desire, stimulus, or incentive to pursue a particular course of action.

Motivation

_____ refers to the activities associated with developing and managing relationships that are critical to a person's ability to accomplish tasks and develop personally and professionally.

Networking

_____ refers to the extent to which individuals engage in the process of generating solutions and articulating their opinions and perspectives.

Participation

_____ is a process by which an individual or a group captures an audience and influences, changes, or reinforces their perspectives, opinions, and behaviors.

Persuasion

(T/F) An arbitrator is an individual who listens to both sides of a disagreement and makes a final decision based on the arguments.

True

Which of the following teams is the best example of a team in the norming stage of development? a.A team with members sharing their personal opinion with others and group members being more open to one another's ideas and suggestions b.A team with members arguing with each other due to interpersonal issues arising from differences in the perspectives of each team member c.A team that has completed its task and dispersed, with some members feeling sad at the separation from the team on which they have been so dependent d.A team that comes together and team members get to know about their tasks and responsibilities, and each of their team member's competencies

a.A team with members sharing their personal opinion with others and group members being more open to one another's ideas and suggestions

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is true? a.It involves giving physical attention to a communication partner. b.Space and objects do not impact the interpretation of communication. c.Nonverbal communication consists of letters, pictures, and symbols. d.Body language includes the dress and appearance of the individuals.

a.It involves giving physical attention to a communication partner.

Which of the following statements is true of managing geographically distributed teams? a.Managers should be skilled at managing a collocated team first. b.Managers needn't deal with conflicts as they do not occur in geographically distributed teams. c.Managers should not disclose team members' background information. d.Managers seldom set guidelines as there are no timelines for virtual teams.

a.Managers should be skilled at managing a collocated team first.

Which of the following networks allows employees to share sensitive information and support one another in a crisis? a.Trust networks b.Communication networks c.Advice networks d.Diverse networks

a.Trust networks

Adam, a team lead, while assessing the performance of his team members, came to know that their performance is deteriorating day-by-day. In order to motivate them, Adam adopted the four-drive theory of motivation and differentiated good performers from average and poor performers. Moreover, he designed the reward system such that it was tied clearly to performance. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Adam tried to fulfill the employees' drive to:

acquire

Jane is Maria's colleague and they often tend to argue with each other over minor issues. Both belong to the same team and Jane often insults Maria by passing rude comments for no reason and Maria in turn threatens Jane. This scenario is the best example of an _____ conflict.

affective

Which of the following is the best example of a team in the storming stage of development? a.A team that has completed its task and dispersed, with some members feeling sad at the separation from the team on which they have been so dependent b.A team with members arguing with each other due to interpersonal issues arising from differences in the perspectives of each team member c.A team with members sharing their personal opinion with others and group members being more open to one another's ideas and suggestions d.A team that comes together and team members get to know about their tasks and responsibilities, and each of their team member's competencies

b.A team with members arguing with each other due to interpersonal issues arising from differences in the perspectives of each team member

Which of the following theories is a variant on Maslow's hierarchy theory that involves three instead of five levels? a.Expectancy theory b.Alderfer's ERG theory c.Goal-setting theory d.McClelland's acquired needs theory

b.Alderfer's ERG theory

Which of the following in an intrinsic reward? a.Recognition b.Interesting task c.Employee benefits d.Incentives

b.Interesting task

Which of the following statements about affective and cognitive conflicts is true? a.Affective conflicts tend to have a positive influence on the team. b.Tasks that are very complex tend to lead to cognitive conflict. c.In affective conflict situations the focus is on the task at hand. d.In most cases, cognitive conflicts are extremely destructive.

b.Tasks that are very complex tend to lead to cognitive conflict.

Which of the following is one of the conceptions of centrality? a.Value b.Range c.Closeness d.Distinctness

c.Closeness

Which of the following statements about extrinsic and intrinsic rewards is true? a.Intrinsic rewards are specific, tangible, and easy to compare. b.Extrinsic rewards include interesting and challenging work. c.Intrinsic rewards generally provide personal satisfaction. d.Extrinsic rewards are based on individuals' conception of their worth.

c.Intrinsic rewards generally provide personal satisfaction.

Which of the following statements about verbal communication is true? a.Verbal communication consists of giving physical attention to a communication partner. b.Listening and reading are the modes by which verbal communication is sent. c.Verbal communication consists of sounds, letters, words, pictures, and symbols. d.In verbal communication, speaking and writing are both driven by sensing information.

c.Verbal communication consists of sounds, letters, words, pictures, and symbols.

John and Joseph are the finance executives in an organization. They are presently working on a project together. John is task-oriented and he works hard to complete the project on time. However, Joseph takes his own time and tends to ignore the project deadline. As a result, John has a conflict with Joseph and warns him that he'll complain about him to the head. This scenario is an example of _____ conflict.

cognitive

An emotional response that occurs when interests, perspectives, and behaviors of one individual or group explicitly differ from those of another individual or group is called

conflict

Which of the following conceptions of centrality represents potential control over information and over connections to others that anyone may want to reach? a.Degree b.Closeness c.Distance d.Betweenness

d.Betweenness

Which of the following is an extrinsic reward? a.Autonomy b.Challenging task c.Self-direction d.Job security

d.Job security

The acronym ERG in Alderfer's theory of motivation refers to:

existence, relatedness, and growth

(T/F) According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X tend to use a blend of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to motivate employees.

false

(T/F) Aristotle believed that pathos was the most important element of persuasion.

false

(T/F) In contrast to intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation is derived from aspects of "doing the job."

false

Advice networks in organizations allows employees to:

get help from others to solve problems and to receive information

The _____ theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow, states that individuals have multiple needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to ensure the greatest level of satisfaction.

hierarchy of needs

To fulfill employees' drive to defend, managers should:

increase transparency of all processes

Conflict de-escalation occurs when:

individuals who are in conflict perceive a common enemy.

The realistic conflict theory proposes that:

limited resources will lead to conflict between groups.

According to Aristotle, the goal of pathos is to:

make an emotional connection with the audience

Conflict escalation occurs when:

one person's negative behaviors encourage another person's negative behaviors.

Of the three conceptions of centrality, degree of centrality:

represents the number of contacts to whom a person is connected in a social network

A(n) _____ is defined as a group of two or more people with complementary skills who are committed to working together to achieve a specific objective.

team

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X:

tend to believe that employees are principally motivated by extrinsic rewards, especially compensation

Of the three elements of communication, ethos refers to:

the credibility of the speaker

As a response to conflict, avoidance must be used when:

the issue is trivial

(T/F) Examining communication networks helps in identifying some of the gaps in information flow.

true

(T/F) One of the most compelling ways to build a personal connection is through storytelling.

true

Which of the following is one of the main components of a team process? a.Dominating discussions b.Constructive conflict c.Increased conformity d.Blocking behaviors

b.Constructive conflict

Which of the following statements about communication networks is true? a.Communication networks are used to share sensitive information and support one another in a crisis. b.Examining communication networks can be helpful in identifying some of the gaps in information flow. c.Communication networks involve employees performing tasks by depending on one another at all times. d.Communication networks are seldom used to exchange work-related information.

b.Examining communication networks can be helpful in identifying some of the gaps in information flow.

Which of the following, if true, is one of the six myths that exist about the best ways to build useful networks? a.To build better networks, we must communicate less. b.I already know what is going on in my network. c.We should build a small network. d.Central people should make themselves less accessible.

b.I already know what is going on in my network.

Which of the following networks is the best example of a trust network? a.When it comes to solving technical issues, the employees in an organization often get suggestions from Victor who has more technical expertise. b.Pinky couldn't work on her project due to some personal issues. She discussed her issues with Paul, her teammate, and he helped her finish the task on time. c.In a restaurant, George welcomes the customers, Jake's team takes the orders, and finally Jim's team serves the customers and conducts financial transactions. d.John who belongs to the marketing department in an organization often interacts with employees in other departments whenever he finds time to socialize.

b.Pinky couldn't work on her project due to some personal issues. She discussed her issues with Paul, her teammate, and he helped her finish the task on time.

Which of the following theories proposes that group members of an in-group will seek to find negative aspects of an out-group to enhance their self-image? a.Traits-based theory b.Social identity theory c.Great man theory d.Realistic conflict theory

b.Social identity theory

Which of the following networks is the best example of a communication network? a.John, who belongs to the marketing department in an organization often interacts with employees in other departments whenever he finds time to socialize. b.Pinky couldn't work on her project due to some personal issues. She discussed her issues with Paul, her teammate, and he helped her finish the task on time. c.In a restaurant, George welcomes the customers, Jake's team takes the orders, and finally Jim's team serves the customers and conducts financial transactions. d.When it comes to solving technical issues, the employees in an organization often get suggestions from Victor who has more technical expertise.

c.In a restaurant, George welcomes the customers, Jake's team takes the orders, and finally Jim's team serves the customers and conducts financial transactions.

Which of the following situations is the best example of an interpersonal conflict? a.An organization's marketing team had a conflict with the production team due to the delay in the arrival of finished products. b.The employees in an organization had a conflict with their employer for not improving their work environment which is highly hazardous and unhygienic. c.Jane and Jack, executives of a firm's finance department, had a conflict with their teammate, John, who failed to submit an important report on time. d.A cosmetics manufacturing company had a conflict with its competitor, when they made false negative statements about the company's products.

c.Jane and Jack, executives of a firm's finance department, had a conflict with their teammate, John, who failed to submit an important report on time.

Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is true? a.Job security and fringe benefits are considered belongingness needs in organizations. b.Most people can easily arrive at the level of self-actualization. c.Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed. d.The second level in Maslow's hierarchy encompasses physiological needs.

c.Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed.

Which of the following should a team lead in the adjourning stage of team development do? a.Set task goals b.Reduce blocking behaviors c.Manage feelings of sadness d.Help teams establish explicit ground rules

c.Manage feelings of sadness

Which of the following is one of the three needs of McClelland's acquired needs theory? a.Need for motivation b.Need for challenge c.Need for power d.Need for safety

c.Need for power

Which of the following principles should be used by managers to enhance their use of persuasion? a.Concealing information from others b.Using complex messages c.Repeating the message personally d.To speak before listening

c.Repeating the message personally

Which of the following is the best example of a geographically distributed team? a.Jane, Jack, and Maria, team members with different cultural backgrounds, are responsible for contributing information to a project based on cultural diversity. b.Mike, a project manager, developed a team of middle managers from the marketing, finance, and production department to work on a project together. c.Sam, Ben, and Nick are team members working from three different locations on the same project, relying mainly on telephone calls and e-mails to interact with each other. d.Tom, a manager in the marketing department, had Jim and Jake, project members who came from another country, reporting to him on the progress of an ongoing project.

c.Sam, Ben, and Nick are team members working from three different locations on the same project, relying mainly on telephone calls and e-mails to interact with each other.

Which of the following terms refers to the value that an individual can derive from his or her contacts? a.Social value b.Synergy c.Social capital d.Value chain

c.Social capital

Which of the following best describes collocated teams? a.Teams composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from several different departments in the organization b.Teams composed of a manager and his or her subordinates in the formal chain of command c.Teams that use a significant amount of face-to-face communication to make operating decisions d.Teams that determine their own objectives and the methods by which to achieve them

c.Teams that use a significant amount of face-to-face communication to make operating decisions

Which of the following situations is the best example of an intergroup conflict? a.Sam tends to argue a lot with his colleague Tom over minor issues and at an extreme situation both started attacking each other physically and were suspended for a weak. b.The employees in an organization had a conflict with their employer for not improving their work environment which is highly hazardous and unhygienic. c.Jane and Jack, executives of a firm's finance department, had a conflict with their teammate, John, who failed to submit an important report on time. d.An organization's marketing team had a conflict with the production team due to the delay in the arrival of finished products.

d.An organization's marketing team had a conflict with the production team due to the delay in the arrival of finished products.

Which of the following networks best exemplifies an advice network? a.In a restaurant, George welcomes the customers, Jake's team takes the orders, and finally Jim's team serves the customers and conducts financial transactions. b.Pinky couldn't work on her project due to some personal issues. She discussed her issues with Paul, her teammate, and he helped her finish the task on time. c.John, who belongs to the marketing department in an organization often interacts with employees in other departments whenever he finds time to socialize. d.When it comes to solving technical issues, the employees in an organization often get suggestions from Victor who has more technical expertise.

d.When it comes to solving technical issues, the employees in an organization often get suggestions from Victor who has more technical expertise.

Effective networks:

include a proper balance between the breadth of contacts and the depth or strength of contacts

(T/F) Social capital is not only beneficial to individuals within organizations but also to those organizations themselves.

true

As a response to conflict, accommodating involves:

trying not to upset the other person because maintaining a harmonious relationship is a top priority.