MGT 300:

What do organizational development specialists do for organizations?

They manage the social difficulties associated with change.

Which of the following are some of the barriers to organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Radical innovation Uncertainty Lack of awareness Overcapacity Individual resistance to change

Uncertainty Lack of awareness Individual resistance to change

Select all of the stages of change in Lewin's model of organizational change. (Select all that apply.) Unfreezing Benchmarking Changing Refreezing

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of change in Lewin's model of organizational change?

Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing

NIH syndrome is defined as ______.

a tendency of technical specialists and managers in an organization to reject valuable external ideas and solutions in favor of those developed by the organization itself

In Lewin's model of organizational change, benchmarking occurs when ______.

an organization's products, services, programs, and activities are measured and compared with those of its competitors

When the firms' potential output exceeds the industry's needs, ______ has occurred.

overcapacity

Which of the following statements accurately describes Lewin's model of organizational change?

A three-step model of planned organizational change

Select all of the approaches individual managers and employees can use to reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change. (Select all that apply.) Actively supporting anxious employees Getting resources from senior management Ignoring the overly technical, day-to-day problems that change brings about

Actively supporting anxious employees Getting resources from senior management

Which of the following are some of the barriers to organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Product innovation Adoption chain risks Organizational rigidity Creative destruction Co-innovation risks

Adoption chain risks Organizational rigidity Co-innovation risks

Which of the following statements accurately describes Kotter's model of organizational change?

An eight-step model that highlights the steps leaders must take to foster successful organizational change

What do individual managers use to reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change?

Communication, education, negotiation

How are entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs different?

Entrepreneurs commercialize innovations by starting new businesses, while intrapreneurs promote innovative activities within an existing firm.

Select all of the things that organizational development specialists do. (Select all that apply.) Collect and analyze data. Bring cultures together. Conduct organization-wide interventions. Facilitate interdepartmental competition.

Collect and analyze data. Bring cultures together. Conduct organization-wide interventions.

Which of these represent actions leaders should take during the unfreezing stage of Kotter's model of organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Produce more change. Consolidate gains. Communicate the plan consistently. Develop a vision and strategy.

Communicate the plan consistently. Develop a vision and strategy.

Select all of the ways individual managers can help reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change. (Select all that apply.) Communicating with and educating employees Getting resources and support from senior managers Encouraging employees to take active roles in organizational change initiatives Fostering healthy competition with industry rivals

Communicating with and educating employees Getting resources and support from senior managers Encouraging employees to take active roles in organizational change initiatives

Which of these represent actions leaders should take during the unfreezing stage of Kotter's model of organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Create a guiding coalition. Generate short-term wins. Establish a sense of urgency. Empower broad-based action

Create a guiding coalition. Establish a sense of urgency.

Which of these represent actions leaders should take during the unfreezing stage of Kotter's model of organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Develop a vision and strategy. Communicate the plan consistently. Produce more change. Consolidate gains.

Develop a vision and strategy. Communicate the plan consistently.

How can firms prevent organizational rigidity from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

Embrace an exploration approach to management.

How can firms prevent adoption chain risks from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

Ensure that other firms in the ecosystem are also willing and able to change.

Which of these represent actions leaders should take during the unfreezing stage of Kotter's model of organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Empower broad-based action. Establish a sense of urgency. Create a guiding coalition. Generate short-term wins.

Establish a sense of urgency. Create a guiding coalition.

Which statement accurately describes how innovation is related to the evolution of industries?

Established firms are better at sustaining innovation than disruptive innovation.

What does it mean that co-innovation risks can be a barrier to organizational change?

Firms can't change, because their interdependencies with other innovators hold up their progress.

What does it mean that organizational rigidity can be a barrier to organizational change?

Firms can't change, because they are overly focused on short-term performance.

How do adoption chain risks present a barrier to organizational change?

Firms fail to consider how an innovation will affect other firms using the product or service.

Which of the following statements accurately describes what happens to demand during the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle?

Firms shift the focus from building primary demand to building secondary demand.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the focus of innovation during the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle?

Firms start focusing on obtaining growth by stealing customers from competitors in order to increase market share.

How can firms prevent co-innovation risks from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

Focus on innovations that do not force the firm to depend on other firms' innovations.

Which of the following are some of the barriers to organizational change? (Select all that apply.) Lack of awareness Radical innovation Overcapacity Individual resistance to change Uncertainty

Lack of awareness Individual resistance to change Uncertainty

Why is value innovation also called blue ocean strategy?

Managers are encouraged to look for blue oceans, or uncontested market spaces where competition is not relevant.

A tendency of technical specialists and managers in an organization to reject valuable external ideas and solutions in favor of those developed by the organization itself is known as ______.

NIH syndrome

Select all of the approaches individual managers and employees can use to reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change. (Select all that apply.) Negotiating with other groups as opportunities arise Forcing compliance with change when necessary Discouraging most employees from taking an active role in change initiatives

Negotiating with other groups as opportunities arise Forcing compliance with change when necessary

Select all of the ways innovation is related to how industries evolve. (Select all that apply.) New entrants are able to be more innovative than established companies. Established firms can be replaced by new entrants, due to creative destruction. Established firms are better at innovation, due to their financial resources.

New entrants are able to be more innovative than established companies. Established firms can be replaced by new entrants, due to creative destruction.

______ demand is characterized by focusing on satisfying new customers' demand.

Primary

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding process innovations during the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle?

Process innovations become critical for the firm's survival.

What are the objectives of industry standards?

Reduce market complexity, establish minimum levels of quality, set commonly used measures, enable compatibility of different products.

______ demand is characterized by focusing on obtaining growth by stealing customers from rivals to increase market share.

Secondary

Select all of the accurate statements regarding innovation and imitation. (Select all that apply.) The best innovators avoid imitation. Some companies prefer to imitate rather than innovate. Innovation leads to imitation.

Some companies prefer to imitate rather than innovate. Innovation leads to imitation.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the industry life cycle. (Select all that apply.) There are five phases in the industry life cycle. Each stage of the industry life cycle brings different innovation challenges. The industry life cycle begins with introduction and ends with decline. In later stages of the industry life cycle, firms often rely for survival on product innovations that make them more efficient.

There are five phases in the industry life cycle. Each stage of the industry life cycle brings different innovation challenges. The industry life cycle begins with introduction and ends with decline.

How can firms prevent lack of awareness from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

Use technology scouts to monitor the environment to detect new developments in technology before it's too late.

When do co-innovation risks present a barrier to organizational change?

When firms are held up by interdependencies with other innovators

When can lack of awareness be a barrier to organizational change?

When firms don't change, because they don't realize that they need to change

The measurement of an organization's products, services, programs, and activities and comparison of its performance with competitors represents ______ in Lewin's model of organizational change.

benchmarking

Creation of uncontested market space by a company, which makes the competition irrelevant and leads to greater buyer value and reduced costs, is known as ______.

blue ocean strategy

Someone who knows how to overcome obstacles within organization and understands the right time to push an idea through the organization is known as a ______ in the context of innovation and organizational change.

champion

Individual managers can reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change by ______.

communicating with and educating employees, fostering participation in change, and forcing compliance

Product innovation involves ______, while process innovation involves ______.

creating something new; making things more efficiently

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best represents what organizational development specialists do. Organizational development specialists ______.

diagnose problems and help organizations to make necessary changes

Product innovations that initially emphasize new markets, rather than sophisticated technological features, are known as ______ innovations.

disruptive innovations

Intrapreneurs are defined as ______.

employees who promote innovative activities within organizations

Spinouts ______, while relying on other startups ______.

encourage university faculty members to develop businesses based on their research; allows you to innovate by working within an existing business

Industry standards aim to ______. (Select all that apply.) discourage process innovation establish minimum quality levels reduce complexity in markets reward first-mover advantage enable compatibility of different products set common measures

establish minimum quality levels reduce complexity in markets enable compatibility of different products set common measures

Licensing agreements, spinouts, and relying on other startups are all ______.

methods of commercialization

Complete the following sentence with the statement that most accurately describes value innovations. Value innovations ______.

happen when firms engage in either process or product innovations that increase customer value while simultaneously decreasing costs

When increased sales to more customers lead to the development of other complementary products you might enjoy, you are experiencing a (n) ______.

indirect network effect

Employees who promote innovative activities within organizations are known as ______.

intrapreneurs

Process innovation and product innovation both involve ______.

introducing something new

The industry life cycle ______.

is made up of five phases, each with its own unique innovation challenges

In the context of innovation and organizational change, a champion is defined as someone who ______.

knows how to overcome obstacles within an organization and understands the right time to push an idea through the organization

Significant innovations that affect markets or companies' ways of doing business are known as ______ innovations.

radical

Radical innovations are defined as ______.

significant innovations that affect markets or companies' ways of doing business