Stress Management Exam 2

Only _____% of lymphocytes are in circulation at any one time

2

According to estimates by those who have studied the codependent personality, what is the percentage of the American population classified as codependent due to direct or indirect exposure to alcoholism?

96%

The philosophy of Taoism advocates:

A balance of opposites

Spiritual potential is best described as:

A collection of inner resources to be used in times of stress

Which of the following are the requirements for diaphragmatic breathing to be most effective?

A comfortable position, concentration, and visualization

"Brief grief" is considered:

A form of healthy grieving

Once defining stress as an inability to cope, stress expert Joan Borysenko now defines stress as:

A lack of connectedness

Hildegard von Bingen's path of human of spirituality can best be summed up as:

A mystical experience

Cognitive restructuring is a term best described as:

A rethinking process about a stressor

The term "spiritual hunger" can best be defined as:

A search for that which cannot be found in one's traditional religious background

This trait, more than any other, distinguished the sensation-seeker personality

Calculated risk-taking

The concept of "individuation" was coined by this person

Carl G. Jung

The correct sequence for the seasons of the soul (common bonds) to address spiritual well-being is which of the following?

Centering, emptying, grounding, and connecting

The rage reflex is attributed to:

Charles Darwin

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of spending time in nature?

Decrease in sleep quality

Which of the following is NOT part of an effective coping technique?

Decreased awareness

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, lupus is regarded as an:

Endogenous overaction

According to the Borysenko stress and disease model, cancer is regarded as an:

Endogenous underreaction

This substance is released as an immediate response to stress

Epinephrine

According to the Borysenko's stress and disease model, allergies are regarded as an:

Exogenous overreaction

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, the common cold is regarded as an

Exogenous underreaction

The helpless-hopeless personality is most closely associated with which of the following factors?

External locus of control

True or False? By and large, spirituality and religion are basically the same thing

False

True or False? Conceptually, "thought stopping" is the same thing as self-talk

False

True or False? Experts agree that finding and accomplishing one's meaning in life is the true essence of spiritual well-being

False

True or False? In Japan and China, forest bathing is not the same thing as forest therapy

False

True or False? In Joan Borysenko's view, fear is the greatest roadblock to the path of one's higher self

False

True or False? Joan Borysenko has evolved her theory to include the mystical aspects of human spirituality, including UFOs and the search for the Holy Grail

False

True or False? NLP is based on the concept that language expands thinking?

False

True or False? Nadi shadhanam is a breathing technique where you visualize white air inhaling and dark air exhaling

False

True or False? Nature-Deficit Disorder was first observed in adults at the corporate worksite

False

True or False? Of these attributes - challenge, control, and commitment - Suzanne Kobasa felt that challenge was the most important to determine a hardy personality

False

True or False? Polyphasia is a stress-related, debilitating disease

False

True or False? Resiliency is the alchemy of control, commitment, and challenge

False

True or False? Self-image and self-esteem are basically the same thing

False

True or False? The Pranayama is a simple breathing technique that alternates the flow of air through the nostrils and mouth

False

True or False? The conscious mind understands negative thoughts well

False

True or False? The unconscious mind is believed to control as much as 40-50% of one's behavior

False

True or False? The unconscious mind understand negative thoughts well

False

Which of the following are NOT ways to raise one's vibration?

Finding someone to blame for one's problems

Shinrin-Yoku is the Japanese word for:

Forest bathing

According to M. Scott Peck, a person who sees God's will in terms of punishment and reward would fall into this category

Formal institutional individual

All but which one of the following are traits in the makeup of being resilient?

Genetic make-up

Which of the following is said to be true about diaphragmatic breathing?

It is used in conjunction with several other relaxation techniques

This is an example of breathing by alternating the air through each nostril

Nadi shadhanam

Which of the following is not a benefit of diaphragmatic breathing?

None of these is correct

The phase of diaphragmatic breathing offers a slight pause before the next inhalation

Phase IV

"Future Shock" is best defined as:

Rapid societal change

According to self-esteem expert Nathaniel Brandon, high self-esteem has been described as:

The immune system of our consciousness

What aspect differentiates Prochaska's Behavior Change Model from other models?

The relapse stage

Which is not true of negative thoughts

They begin during adulthood

The Japanese word karoshi means:

Those who die from job stress

According to Lazarus, which of the following is not a purpose of coping skills?

To tolerate or adjust to negative events or realities; To continue satisfying relationships wit others; To maintain emotional equilibrium

Being in the presence of a force greater than yourself puts things in perspective by reducing the scale of personal problems

True

True or False? Abdominal breathing is known to help relieve the symptoms of chronic pain

True

True or False? Before a behavior can be changed, a person has to admit that indeed the behavior is undesirable

True

True or False? By and large, Americans tend to be thoracic breathers, yet when asleep, the body naturally returns to diaphragmatic breathing

True

True or False? Humans entrain on forest vibrations (through sympathetic resonance) by direct contact?

True

True or False? In Matthew Fox's concept of creation spirituality, Via Transformativa is the path where we are co-creators for a better world

True

True or False? Jung's idea of the shadow is that we all have a dark side of our personality that we need to come to terms with in order to be whole

True

True or False? Native American spirituality suggests that God or a divine essence resides in all living and non-living matter

True

True or False? Reframing involves looking at the same situation from a new reference or vantage point and finding some good aspect in it?

True

True or False? Research shows that codependent traits manifest in adulthood when married to or working with/for an alcholic

True

True or False? Some coping behaviors perpetuate stress rather than promote inner peace

True

True or False? Studies that observed the interaction between children and their parents showed that on average, the ratio of negative comments to positive comments was 400 to 1

True

True or False? The idea that personality traits associated with anxiety and depression (Type D personality) affect the course of heart disease is now supported by data

True

True or False? There is no one preferred method of behavioral change; rather, effective change occurs when many methods are combined together

True

True or False? Thoughts, as a form of energy, are thought to have a negative impact on the body

True

Synchronicity is a term that means:

Two unrelated but meaningful events that occur within the same time period

Type D personality is most closely associated with

Type A

Of the following part's of one's personality, which is thought to be the most difficult to influence with regard to stress?

Values

Anxiety breathing is:

When a person holds their breath

Which of the following is not a myth about anger?

Women do not get as angry as men

In terms of Type A behavior, polyphasia is best described as:

performing several tasks at one time

For a typical person, the average number of breath cycles per minute during a very relaxed state is:

1-2

According to research and best estimates, the average person today has approximately have many anger episodes per day?

20-25

According to research, the average person spends about this much time outside each day

5%

According to Matthew Fox, Via Creativa is best described as:

A sense of awe and wonder of all creation

When released, this substance is instrumental in returning the body to homeostasis

Acetylcholine

Spiritually speaking, Einstein's Theory of Relativity suggests that:

All things connect through some point of energy; Consciousness may actually be a form of energy; Spiritual matters are not bound by space and time; All matter comprised of energy has a spiritual quality to it

Naturalist E. O. Wilson recoined the word biophilia to mean:

An emotional affiliation with living organisms in nature

Healthy boundaries are considered to be:

Appropriate, Responsible, and Assertive behaviors

Spirituality can best be defined as:

At this time, we do not have an adequate definition of this term

This is the suggested order to reconstruct negative thoughts into positive ones

Awareness, reappraise, adopt, evaluate

This is thought to be the distinguishing characteristic of the survivor personality

Biphasic traits

"Energy breathing" is a special technique where you visualize:

Breathing air into your head and feet

These three characteristics are thought to be associated with what is now known as the hardy personality

Challenge, control, and commitment

The order of M. Scott Peck's stages of spiritual growth is which of the following?

Chaotic antisocial, formal institutional, skeptic, and mystic communal

Compulsively answering your smartphone ring or text is a form of:

Classical conditioning

This theory of behavior was tested by training dogs with a ringing bell

Classical conditioning

Self-esteem is thought to be comprised of which of the following components?

Connectedness, uniqueness, power, and role models

Choose the correct order for the steps of the information-processing model

Conscious interpretation, reasoning, analyzing, memory

Which of the following is not increased when cancer cells grown in Petri dishes to phytonicides?

Cortisol

This is the suggested order to make positive behavioral changes through the "behavioral modification model"

Denial, Awareness, Desire, Cognitive restructuring, Substitution, Evaluate

According to mythologist Joseph Campbell, this is the progression of the hero's journey

Departure, initiation, and return

Which of the following are other names for "ecotherapy"?

Ecopsychology; Green therapy; Terra-psychology; Deep ecology

All of the following are ways to "increase" your vibration out of a fear-based thought process except:

Escape negativity by playing video games

True or False? "Spiritual hunger" encourages one to abandon the religion in which they were raised

False

True or False? "Unconscious resistance" is known to counteract toxic thoughts

False

True or False? A helpless-hopeless personality is a function of an extreme internal locus of control

False

True or False? According to research, Type A people are as likely to be found in a rural setting or an urban one

False

True or False? With regard to circadian rhythms, oncologists have discovered that cancer cells respond better to chemotherapy in the afternoon hours than any other time of day

False

Codependent behavior deals mostly with this basic fear

Fear of rejection

This personality type is now considered part of the foundation for positive psychology

Hardy personality

Reframing, in the form of positive affirmations:

Helps to balance negative self-talk

Which of the following is not part of the four-step plan to reconstruct negative thoughts?

Holding onto old beliefs

This Type A characteristic is thought to be most related to coronary heart disease

Hostile aggressive behavior

In the process of "forest bathing", exposure to phytoncides is thought to produce this effect

Increase the immune system

Nature affects us in the following way:

Increasing levels of dopamine; Increasing levels of cortisol; Decreasing cortisol levels; Giving us a feeling of peace, wonder, and awe

In his efforts to study the benefits of journal writing, Ira Progoff discovered which of the following results?

Individuals who started journal writing while on welfare were more likely to find employment and better housing faster

Which of the following correctly describes the phases of ventilation?

Inhalation, pause, exhalation, pause

Specific to Candace Pert's stress and disease model:

Lymphocytes can produce neuropeptides

Which of the following are thought to be the greatest social influence on Type A behavior?

Material wealth, secularization, and immediate gratification

With regard to circadian rhythms, oncologists have observed that the most effective time for cancer patients to receive chemotherapy treatment is

Mid-morning

Little children who see their parents always on their smartphone are prone to this type of conditioning

Modeling conditioning

In 2008, which of the following milestones was observed?

More people lived in urban centers than rural areas

This is the fourth pillar of human spirituality

Mysticism

NLP stands for

Neurolinguistic Programming

This behavioral theory speaks to the nature of "voluntary" behaviors

Operant conditioning

This theory of behavior is based on rewards and punishments

Operant conditioning

This theory of behavior was made popular by B.F. Skinner

Operant conditioning

Renowned psychologist Carl G. Jung believed that:

People create their own reality at an unconscious level; There is a spiritual element to human nature; Two unrelated events can have significant meaning; Divine wisdom resides at the level of the collective unconscious

Resiliency, as taught in courses at the Mayo Clinic to the U.S. military, includes developing or strengthening which of the following aspects?

Positivity, Humor, Compassion, Gratitude

Which is true of coping strategies?

Quite often, several coping strategies are used together; Their effectiveness increases with practice; It's important to have a wide assortment to choose from; No coping technique will work against all perceived stress

Epinephrine is:

Released five times as often as norepinephrine

Current research on spirituality deals primarily with:

Religiosity

Who coined the term Nature Deficit Disorder?

Richard Louv

The 7.8 Hz vibration that is produced by waterfalls, whale songs, and scores of other natural wonders is calld:

Schumann resonance

Cognitive restructuring is rooted in the work of Albert Ellis, who coined the term Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to suggest that:

Self-defeating thoughts should be balanced with positive thoughts

According to psychotherapist David Burns, all of the following are examples of cognitive distortion except:

Self-talk

According to Deepak Chopra, there are____ laws of spiritual success

Seven

According to experts, the field of sociology involves the study of human behavior within all of the following except:

Societies

Interestingly enough, the word "vacation" entered the American lexicon

Soon after the Civil War

Acceptance does NOT involve which of the following?

Staying in control of the situation

Which of the following is NOT something Frankl brought to light?

Stressful events can be reframed in a positive light

In his efforts to study the benefits of journal writing, Jamie Pennebaker found which of the following results?

Students reported fewer cases of disease and illness

Actor Michael J. Fox might be considered an example of this personality type

Survivor personality

Aron Ralston, the renowned rock climber, would be an example of this personality type

Survivor personality

Nien Cheng, a political prisoner in Shanghai, China, would be a prime example of which personality type?

Survivor personality

Diaphragmatic breathing is also known as all of the following except:

Sutra breathing

According to Carl Jung, the unconscious mind is well versed in this method of articulating itself

Symbolic thinking

From his time in the concentration camps, Viktor Frankl learned this simple wisdom to help survive

Take responsibility for your own thoughts

Which of the item below is NOT part of Lazarus' coping process?

Tertiary appraisal

The term "screen addiction" was coined specifically to address:

The addiction to computer, smart phone, and tablet screens

Which of the following best describes the codependent personality according to Anne Wilson Schaef?

The addictive personality

The first premise of Mother Earth spirituality suggests that:

The earth is a living organism to be honored

This "season of the soul" is experienced by many as the "dark night of the soul"

The emptying process

Which of the following is not considered to be a factor in the "turning point of spiritual consciousness" evident today?

The fall of the Berlin Wall

True or False? A commonly held belief about diaphragmatic breathing is that breath has a spiritual quality to it

True

True or False? According to Anne Wilson Schaef, codependency has a direct relationship to the absence of spiritual health

True

True or False? According to a 2012 Pew Research study, a growing number of Millennials see themselves as spiritual but not religious

True

True or False? According to research studies, a walk in the forest is associated with improved sleep quality

True

True or False? Attention restoration therapy is a term first coined regarding apartment dwellers who had a view of nature

True

True or False? Ecotherapy means restoring optimal health through a routine exposure to and experience of nature

True

True or False? From the philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth, we learn that of faith, hope, and love, love is the greatest aspect of human existence

True

True or False? In England and the US, children typically spend less time outside than prison inmates

True

True or False? Physicians in the United States (and Scotland) are now prescribing nature therapy for their patients as a means to reduce stress

True

True or False? Self efficacy is a sense of faith that produces a "can-do" attitude

True

True or False? Today, more people worldwide live in urban areas than in rural areas

True

True or False? Virtually all effective stress management skills adopted into one's lifestyle would be considered behavior modification

True

True or False? We first learn healthy boundaries from our parents (or influencing adults)

True

True or False? When people were shown photos of nature, it was noted there was an increase in alpha waves and serotonin levels

True

True or False? With regard to behavior modification, instrumental values are those that are core to the meaning of our life

True

The landmark Western Collaborative Groups Study found which of the following?

Type A is a greater risk factor than all other risk factors combined

Polyphasia is another name for

multitasking