MGT 301

Who created Theory X & Y?

Douglas McGregor's

What are the goals of systematic management?

Emphasizing economical operations, adequate staffing, maintenance of inventories to meet consumer demand and organizational control.

Who was Max Weber?

Max Weber, was a German sociologist, lawyer, and social historian who showed how management itself could be more efficient and consistent.

What is systematic management?

Specific procedures and processes into operations to ensure coordination of effort.

What did the Hawthorne studies find?

That workers performed and dreacted differently because the researchers were observing them.

What is scientific management?

The application of scientific methods to analyze work and determine how to complete production task efficiently.

What is human relations?

Understanding psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance.

Who was Abraham Maslow?

A famous contributor to the human relations approach that developed the five levels of need.

What is a bureaucracy?

A management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in the organization.

Who was Henry L. Gantt?

A protege of Frederick Taylor that believed in scientific management and the need for management and labor to cooperate.

What were the Hawthorne studies?

A series of experiments conducted from 1924 to 1932 that altered the various working conditions of the workers to determine how it affected their productivity.

What is the contingency perspective?

A variety of factors, both internal and external to the firm, may affect the organizations performance.

What was the name of Max Weber's book?

"The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations"

How are the four principles of scientific management achieved?

1. By using techniques like time-and-motion studies. 2. Stressing the importance of hiring and training the proper workers to do a hob. 3. Standardization of tools, the use of instruction cards to help workers, and break to eliminate fatigue. 4. Implementing a pay system in which workers were paid additional wages when they exceed a standard level of output for each job.

How are the goals of systematic management achieved?

1. Careful definition of duties and responsibilities. 2. Standardized techniques for performing these duties. 3.Specific means of gathering, handling, transmitting, and analyzing information. 4. Cost accounting, wage, and production control systems to facilitate internal coordination and communications.

What were Henri Fayol's fourteen princciples?

1. Division of work 2.Authority 3.Discipline 4.Unity of command 5.Unity of direction 6.Subordination of individual interest to general interest 7.Remuneration 8.Centralization 9.Scalar Chin 10.Order 11.Equity 12.Stability and tenure of personnel 13.Esprit de corps 14.Initiative

What are Maslow's five levels of need?

1. Food (Basic Need) 2.Water (Basic Need) 3.Shelter (Basic Need) 4. Self-Actualization (Advanced Need) 5. Personal Fulfillment (Advanced Need)

What are the four principles of scientific management?

1. Management should develop a precise, scientific approach for each element of each job to replace general guidelines. 2. Management should scientifically select and place each worker so that the right person has the right job. 3.Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles. 4.Management should ensure an appropriate division of work and responsibility between managers and workers.

What are the problems with systematic management?

1. Productions and pay were poor. 2. Inefficiency and waste were widespread. 3.Most companies had a tremendous amount of unused tremendous potential.

What are the contemporary approaches to management?

1. Sociotechnical Systems Theory 2. Quantitative Management 3.Organizational Behavior 4.Systems Theory

What are the classical approaches to management?

1. Systematic Management 2. Scientific Management 3. Bureaucracy 4. Administrative Management 5. Human Relations

What is quantitative management?

Application to management of quantitative techniques.

Who introduced scientific management?

Frederick Taylor

What are contengenices?

Future events which is possible but can't be predicted.

What did Henry Gantt introduce and how did it help?

He introduced the Gantt chart which helps employees and managers plan projects by tasks and time to complete those tasks.

Who was Henri Fayol?

He was a French mining engineer and executive who identified five functions and 14 principles of management.

What is organizational behavior?

Management activities that promote employee effectiveness through an understanding of the complex nature of individual, group, and organizational processes.

What is Theory Y?

Managers assume employees want to work and can direct and control themselves.

What is Theory X?

Managers assume workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals.

What is sociotechnical systems theory?

Organizations are effective when their employees have the right tools, training, and knowledge to make products and services that are valued by customers.

What two approaches combine to make human relations?

Scientific and Administrative Management

What is administrative management?

The perspective of senior managers within the organization and argued that management was a profession and could be taught.

What is systems theory?

Transforms inputs into outputs that meet the market's needs for goods and services.