Mgt 3304 Exam 3
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Decision Tree Analysis
A statistical and graphical, multiphase decision-making technique that contains a series of steps showing the sequence and interdependence of decisions.
Stages of Formal Group Development
Acceptance Stage, Communication and Decision-Making Stage, Group Solidarity Stage, and Group Control Stage
Downward organizational communication
Communication that flows from any point on an organization chart downward to another point on the organization chart
task group
a formal group of organization members who interact with one another to accomplish most of the organization's non-routine tasks
symptom
a sign that a problem exists
cross-functional team
a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization
people feedback
ability and commitment, positive as well as corrective
what has been found to foster innovation in organizations?
active participation in decision making
3 primary source of external capital for entrepreneurs
angel investors, venture capitalists, bank financing
Angel Investors
are wealthy individuals who are willing to put up capital to new companies
the replacement of human effort by electromechanical devices is called _______________.
automation
Max is an entrepreneur who is looking to get a loan from a financial institution. Which form of external capital is Max using to fund his business venture?
bank financing
___________ focuses on encouraging appropriate behaviors by emphasizing rewards and thus controlling the consequences of behavior
behavior modification
which is a "people-related" step in building effective work teams? a. developing clear objectives and directions b. rewarding and recognizing teams for their accomplishments c. building good communication d. demonstrating interest in team progress
building good communication
refers to the process of sharing a message with others
communication
Upward organizational communication
communication that flows from one point on the organization chart upward to another point
verbal communication
communication that uses written or spoken words
which mgt function is involved with ensuring that an event occurs as it was intended to occur?
controlling
the concept that individuals or groups of individuals in an existing corporation can identify, evaluate, and exploit opportunities in the marketplace is called _________.
corporate entrepreneurship
value analysis
cost control and cost reduction technique that examines tall the part, materials, functions of an operation to help managers control ops
interpreting the message to determine its meaning is ----
decoding
barriers to successful interpersonal communication
decrease the probability that communication will be successful
pure breakdown (repair) policy
decrees that machine adjustments, lubrication,...., will be performed only after facilities or machines malfunction
informal group
defined as a collection of individuals whose common work experiences result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations that extend beyond those established by mgt
Feasibility Analysis
determines if an idea for a new business is practical
which term refers to and entrepreneur deciding to pursue a business opportunity by producing and marketing a product?
exploitation
Evaluation
feasibility studies are conducts
interest group
gains and maintains membership primarily because of a common concern that members have about a specific issue
which stage of the formal group dev process is characterized by flexibility and informality?
group control stage
exploitation
investments are committed
formal group
is a group that exists within an organization by virtue of mgt decree to perform tasks that enhance the attainment of organization objectives
team
is a group whose members influence one another toward the accomplishment of an organizational objectives
flextime
is a program that allows workers to complete their jobs within a workweek of a normal number of hours that they schedule themselves
total revenue
is all sales dollars accumulated from selling manufactured products/services
perception
is an individuals interpretation of a message
organizational communication
is interpersonal communication within organizations that directly relates to the goals, functions, and structure of human beings
Operations Management
is performance of managerial activities entailed in selecting, designing, operating, controlling, and updating production systems
quality
is the extent to which a product reliably does what it is intended to do
communication microbarrier
is the factor hindering successful comm that relates primarily to such variable as the comm message, the source, and the destination
standard
is the level of activity established to serve as a model for evaluating organization performance
entrepreneurial risk
is the likelihood and magnitude of the opportunities downside loss
Productivity
is the relationship between the total amount of goods or services being produced and the organizational resources needed to produce them
job rotation
moving workers from job to job rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long term
weakness
potential for inaccuracy of transmitted messages
cross-cultural experience
refers to experience living in a foreign country
message interference
refers to stimuli that compete with the communication message for the attention of the destination
punishment
the presentation of an undesirable behavior consequence or the removal of a desirable behavior consequence that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will continue
controlling
the process managers go through to control
innovation
the process of applying a new idea to the improvement of organization processes, products, or services
job enrichment
the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation
total costs
the sum of the fixed and variable costs for any given level of production
production
the transformation of an organizational resources into products
computer-aided design (CAD)
the use of computers in the design of new products or modifying existing ones
which motivation theory is based on the idea that individuals behave as they do in order to maximize personal benefits over the long term?
vrooms expectancy theory
At a marketing firm, each marketing team is required each year to justify their entire budget rather than use previous yearly budgets as a guide. This is an example of the budgeting process known as ___________ budgeting
zero-base
why should managers use committees
- committees improve the quality of decision making - committees encourage the expression of honest opinions - committees also tend to inc organizations participation in decision making and thereby enhance the chances of widespread support of decisions - committees ensure the representation of important groups in the decision making process
what's a successful team?
- gets the job done - develops as a team - is satisfied with the team
types of formal groups
1. Command groups (organizational chart) 2. Task groups (specific job) 3. Cross functional (work areas) 4. Self management (independent management such as hiring)
Controlling Process
1. Measuring performance 2. Comparing measured performance to standards 3. Taking corrective action
theories developed to help managers better understand human needs:
1. maslows hierarchy of needs 2. alderfers ERG theory 3. Argyns maturity 4. McClellands acquired needs theory
4 important theories describe how motivation occurs:
1. needs-goal theory 2. vroom expectancy theory 3. equity theory 4. porter-lawler theory
2 types of motivation theories
1. process theories 2. content theories
norming
The 3rd stage of team development, in which team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop.
process control
a technique that assists in monitoring production processes
fixed costs
an expense incurred by the organization regardless of the number of products produced
variable costs
an expense that fluctuates with the number of products produced
process theory of motivation
an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated
content theory of motivation
an explanation of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics
friendship group
an informal group composed of employees who enjoy one another's company and socialize with one another
hygeine or maintenance factors
are items that influence the degree of job dissatisfaction
during what phase of formal group development can group members move from mistrust to frank conversations with each other?
communication and decision-making stage
the step in the innovation process in which an idea is made practical for an organization to make/implement is called___________
developing
Borris is currently working with customers to help them to use a new product. This part of which step of the innovation process?
diffusing
informal organization communication
does not follow the lines of the organization chart
the degree to which managers attain organizational objectives is known as ______________.
effectiveness
a CEO is looking at the degree to which organizational resources contribute to productivity. This CEO is looking at the concept known as ____________
efficiency
refers to developing a message into a form that can be received and understood by others
encoding
an organizational group can qualify as a team only if members focus on ________
helping one another to achieve organizational objectives
Mario feels good about himself when he helps his co-workers. In the terminology of the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation this would be called a(n) ___________
intrinsic reward
serial transmission
involves passing information from one individual to another in a series
Corporate Entrepreneurship
is the process in which an existing corporation creates a new org or instigates renewal or innovation within that corporation
automation
is the replacement of human effort by electromechanical device
the group solidarity stage
members become more involved in group activities and cooperate rather than compete with one another
At Myers Industries, Mary is responsible for determining if newly implemented ideas should be improved or terminated. Mary is involved in the innovation process step of ________.
monitoring
research suggest that a high level of ______ within a team may improve team performance and lead to additional rewards from mgt
mutual trust
motivation that begins with an individual feeling is known as ---
needs goal theory
has the most influence of the total effect of a message
nonverbal factors
Strategic Renewal
occurs when a firm attempts to alter its own competitive strategy
Domain definition
occurs when a firm proactively seeks to create a product market position that competitors have not recognized
Bank Financing
occurs when an entrepreneur obtains financing from a financial institution in the form of a loan
negative reinforcement
reward that consists of the elimination of an undesirable consequence of behavior
purpose of commercial entrepreneurship
to create profits
the purpose of controlling
to help managers enhance the success of the overall mgt system through effective controlling
loss
when a business's expenses are more than its revenues
stages of groupthink
1. antecedents - dev. of groupthink 2. concurrence 3. symptoms of groupthink - pressure to confirm and censor their ideas 4. decision-making defects - when they fail to make effective decisions
organization related steps
1. building a stable overall org or company structure that team members view as secure 2. becoming involved in team events and demonstrating interest in team progress and functioning 3. properly rewarding and recognizing teams for their accomplishments 4. setting stable goals and priorities for the team
task related steps
1. developing clear objectives, directions, and project plans for the team 2. providing proper technical direction and leadership for the team
2 factors that may adversely influence the accuracy of an entrepreneurs risk perceptions
1. entrepreneurs belief in the law of numbers dec the risk that he/she perceives with opportunity 2. the control that an entrepreneurs feels with respect to the opportunities outcome may influence perceptions of the ideas risk
stages of cost control
1. establishing standard or planned cost amts 2. measuring actual costs incurred 3. comparing planned costs to incurred costs 4. making changes to reduce
Stages of Entrepreneurship
1. identification 2. evaluation 3. exploitation
5 Steps of the Innovation Process
1. inventing 2. developing 3. diffusing 4. integrating 5. monitoring
Benefits of Informal group membership
1. perpetuation of social and cultural values that group members consider important 2. status and social satisfaction that people might not enjoy w/o group membership 3. increase ease of communication among group members 4. increase desirability of the overall work environment
4 types of corporate entrepreneurship
1. sustained regeneration 2. organization rejuvenation 3. strategic renewal 4. domain definition
People related steps
1. trying to make the teams work satisfying 2. developing mutual trust among team members and between the team and mgt 3. building good communication 4. minimizing unresolved conflicts and power struggles within the team 5. dealing effectively with threats toward and within the team 6. building the perception that the jobs of team members are secure
message
encoded info that the source intends to share
the destination's reaction to a message is referred to as_________
feedback
increasing the number of operations and individual performs, to enhance satisfaction in work, is known as ________
job enlargement
organizational rejuvenation
Involves improving the firm's ability to execute strategies and focuses on new processes instead of new products
communication that moves horizontally between two points on an organization chart is referred to as ___________
lateral communication
Needs-Goal Theory
motivation model that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior - the most fundamental
self-managed teams
a team that plans, organizes, influences, and controls its own work situation with only minimal intervention and direction from mgt
problem
any factor within an organization that is a barrier to organization goal attainment
organizational resources
are all the assets available to a manager to generate products
communication macrobarriers
are factors hindering successful comm that relate primarily to the comm environment and to the larger world in which comm takes place
venture capitalists
are firms that raise money from investors and then use this money to make investments in new firms
Darren is the supervisor in a manufacturing facility that produces desks and chairs. Control of quality and output in his responsibility. To ensure that he is following the controlling process, after measuring the performance of his employees, he must __________ and then take any corrective action necessary
compare measured performance to standards
Total Quality Management (TQM)
continuous process of involving all org members in ensuring that every activity related to the production of goods/services has an appropriate role in establishing product quality
mgt exception
control tool that allows only significant deviations b/n planned and actual performance to be brought to a managers attention
purpose of social entrepreneurship
create value for the public
when is the meaning of the message determined and responded to?
during decoding
control
entails ensuring that an event occurs as it was planned to occur - planning and control are inseparable functions
William is often able to notice new and potentially useful info in the environment. He frequently sees patterns that others do not. This is an example of ________
entrepreneurial alertness
a(n) ____________ is an occasion to bring into existence new products and service that allow outputs to be sold at a price greater than their cost of production
entrepreneurial opportunity
inventing
establishes a new ideas that could help the org be more successful - technology ideas - product ideas - process ideas - mgt ideas
Integrating
establishes an invention as a permanent part of the organization
what is the second stage of the entrepreneurship process?
evaluating an opportunity
illusion of control
exists when entrepreneurs overestimate the extent to which they can control the outcome of an opportunity
Jill has an idea for a new business but need to determine whether the idea is practical and likely to succeed. what would best help Jill?
feasibility analysis
budget
financial plan outlining how funds in a given period will be obtained and spent
the manager of the marketing department at Davids company has put together a regularly scheduled meeting of individuals who get together once per week to discuss ways the company can enhance its marketing efforts. This is an example of a(n) _______
formal group
During the ______ stage of team development, team members become orientated to the team by discussing team specifics like role expectations and member skills A. storming B. norming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning
forming
Stages of Team Development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
the group control
group members attempt to maximize the groups success by matching the individual abilities with group activities and by assisting one another - to maximize maturity and effectiveness
feedback
in the interpersonal communication situation, the destinations reaction to a message
commercial entrepreneurship
individuals or corporations that pursue entrepreneurial opportunities for the purpose of generating sales and profits
collection of individuals with common work experience who have formed a system of interpersonal relations not established by mgt are called_________
informal groups
the step in the innovation process in which the invention is established as a permanent part of the organization is called ___________
integrating
kinds of informal groups
interest groups, friendship group
Which step in the innovation process focuses on establishing a new idea that could potentially help the organization be more successful?
inventing
social entrepreneurship
involves the recognition, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities that create social value as opposed to personal or shareholder wealth
quality circles
is a small group of workers who meet to discuss quality-related problems in a particular project and to communicate their solutions to these problems to mgt directly at a formal presentation session
Workteam
is a task group used in organizations to achieve greater organizational flexibility or to cope with rapid growth
Just-in-time (JIT)
is a technique for reducing inventories to a minimum by arranging for production components to be delivered to the production facility "JIT" for them to be used - works best in companies that manufacture relatively standardized products that experience consistent demand
Entrepreneur
is an individual who identifies, evaluates, and exploits opportunities
entrepreneurial opportunity
is an occasion to bring into existence new products and services that allow ouputs to be sold at a price greater than their cost of production
Quality Assurance
is an operations process involving a broad group of activities aimed at achieving an organizations quality objectives
Problems-Solving Teams
is an organization team set up to help eliminate a specified problem within the organization
Innovation Process
is defined as the steps managers take to implement creative ideas
operational control
is making sure the operations activities are carried out as planned
Corrective Action
is managerial activity aimed at bringing organization performance up to the level of performance standards
forming
is the 1st stage of the team dev. process; during this stage, members of the newly formed team become orientated to the team and acquainted with one another
cost control
is wide ranging control aimed at keeping organization costs at planned levels
The Concord Tools factory has a system in place where inventories are kept a low levels with necessary production components delivered when they are needed. This is called ____________
just in time inventory control
Team Dysfunctions
lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability, inattention to results
the 4 types of ratios analysis are profitability, activity, leverage, and ___________.
liquidity
identification
looking for opportunities
Pure-Preventive Maintenance Policy
machine adjustment, lubrication, cleaning, parts replacement, painting, and needed repairs and overhauls are done regularly, before facilities or machines malfunction
developing
makes a new idea practical
as a group becomes more mature and effective, group members will work for a common purpose instead of pursuing different directions. this is reflected by what group member characteristic?
members are orientated toward a single goal
Monitoring
newly implemented idea is tracked to determine if and when the idea should be improved or terminated
sustained regeneration
occurs when firms develop new cultures, processes, or structures to support new product innovations in current markets as well as introducing existing products into new markets
the communication and decision making stage
once passed acceptance, better able to communicate - this frank communication provides basis for establishing and using an effective group decision-making mechanism
variable budget (flexible budget)
one that outlines the levels of resources to be allocated for each organization activity according to the level of production within the organization
materials control
operations control activity that determines the flow of materials from vendors through an ops system to customers
Fist type of opportunity
opportunities arise from the creation of new products or services
Second type of opportunity
opportunities arise from the discovery of new geographical markets in which new customers will appreciate the new product or service
5th type of opportunity
opportunities may arise from new methods of organizing
Third type of opportunity
opportunities may arise from the creation or discovery of new raw materials or after discovering alternative uses for existing raw materials
4th type of opportunity
opportunities may emerge from the discovery of new methods of production
system 4
part of Likers Mgt system; complete trust and confidence in subordinates
what best describes a group
people who interact with and are psychologically aware of one another
when a team fully focuses on solving organizational problems and addressing challenges, the team is in the ____________ stage of the team dev. process
performing
Zero-based budgeting
planning and budgeting process that requires managers to justify their entire budget request in detail rather than simply refer to budget amts established in previous years
corporate entrepreneurship differs from social entrepreneurship is that -------
primary source of funding is individual and commercial investment
a specialized team established to discuss ways to improve quality in an organization is an example of a(n) _______ team
problem-solving
ratio analysis
process of generating info that summarizes that financial position of an organization through the calculation of ratios based on various financial measures that appear on the organizations balance sheet and income statements
break-even analysis
process of generating info that summarizes various levels of profit or loss associated with various levels of production
The transformation of organizational resources into products is called ___________.
production
which term refers to the relationship between the total amt of goods produced and the resources needed to produce them?
productivity
diffusing
puts a new ideas to use by ends users or customers
The managers at Williams Manufacturing want to make sure that their products do what they are intended to do. In this case, it would seem the managers are focused on__________.
quality
the term that means the degree to which a product satisfies the specifications for which it was built is ______________.
quality
At Apex Electronics, a group of six employees are having a meeting to discuss quality problems related to newly designed circuit board. After the meeting, they will convey their solutions to upper mgt. This scenario best describes a _________________.
quality circle
acceptance stage
reached only after the initial distrust dwindles and group has been transformed into one characterized by mutual trust and acceptance
entrepreneurial awareness
refers to an individuals ability to notice and be sensitive to new info about objects, incidents, and patterns of behavior in the environment
law of numbers
refers to individuals relying on small samples of info to guide their decisions
exploitation
refers to the activities and investments that are committed to gain returns from the new product or service arising from an opportunity
social value
refers to the basic, long-standing needs of society and has little to do with profits
info symmetry
refers to the fact that individuals vary in terms of the info to which they have access
Entrepreneurship
refers to the identification, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities
downside loss
refers to the resources that the entrepreneur could lose if the opportunity does not succeed
the ability to assess means-ends relationships
refers to understanding how to turn a new technology into a product or service that will be desired by consumers
social networks
represent individuals patterns of social relationships
which type of team generally works to accomplish whole tasks as opposed to "parts" of a job?
self-managed team
transformational
set of steps necessary to changes these resources into products
control tool
specific procedure or technique that presents pertinent organization info in a way that helps managers to develop and implement an appropriate control strategy
At the Holiday Hotel, maids are told they need to completely clean a room in 5 minutes or less for their performance to be considered adequate. This specific time limit would best be described as ____________.
standard
john, a production manager at Widgets Incorporated, must ensure that enough items are assessed as they come off the manufacturing line to confirm that the defect rate for those items meets the high organization standards set by Widgets Inc. Which technique would best help John with his goal?
statistical quality control
the __________ group of team dev. is characterized by intragroup conflict
storming
reverse innovation
taking a concept or product created for a very specific use and extending t to a new, often larger audience
storming
the 2nd stage of team dev. process; is characterized by conflict and disagreement as team members become more assertive in clarifying their individual roles - during this stage the team seems to lack unity bc members are continually challenging the way the team functions
Ajourning
the 5th and last stage of team dev. process; is the stage in which the team finished its job and prepares to disband
collaboration
the ability to work with others in accomplishing a task
profit
the amount of total revenue that exceeds the total costs for producing the products sold
effectivesness
the degree to which managers attain organizational objectives, "doing the right thing"
Effieciency
the degree to which organizational resources contribute to productivity , "doing things right"
performing
the fourth and of team development, in which performance improves because the team has matured into an effective, fully functioning team
a linking pin is -----
the managers or supervisors who are responsible for the coordination of and communication among formal organizational groups
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that group members engage in when the desire for agreement dominates the group that it overrides the need to realistically appraise alternative solutions
break-even point
the point at which the costsrnt of producing a product equal the revenue made from selling the product
Statistical Quality Control
the process used to determine how many products should be inspected to calculate a probability that the total number of products will meet organizational quality standards.
robotics
the study of the dev. and use of robots
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
the use of computers to plan and program equipment used in the production and inspection of manufactured items
the assumption that employees will exercise self-direction and self-control in meeting their objectives, the idea known as ____________
theory Y
The continuous process of involving organization members in ensuring that all work activities have an appropriate role in establishing product quality is called _____________.
total quality mgt
the most fundamental ingredient of effective teams is ----
trust
special purpose and self managed teams
typically consist of workers and union reps meeting together to collaborate on operational decisions at all levels
__________ communication is an interpersonal communication situation in which the information that the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning that the destination derives from the transmitted message are different
unsuccessful
problem solving team
when members share ideas or offer suggestions on how work processes and methods can be improved
disadvantages of flextime
1. lack of supervision during some hours of work 2. key people unavailable at certain times 3. understaffing at times
3 basic elements of interpersonal communication
1. the source/encoder 2. the signal 3. decoder/destination
Joel is a manager who assumes that all his subordinates will slack off and do a poor job unless they are monitored and punished for even small transgressions. what best describes Joel's approach to employee motivation?
Theory X
command group
formal group that is outlined in the chain of command on an organization chart. They typically handle routine activities
__________ is usually the more important type of communication in an organization, and its flow should be actively promoted by managers
formal organizational communication
committee
is a task group that's charged with performing some type pf specific activity
signal
is the message that has been transmitted from one person to another
__________ involves moving workers from job to job instead of specializing in one job over the long term
job rotation
according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are the most basic and important?
physiological needs
Decoder/destination
The person or persons with whom the source is attempting to share information
Lateral organizational communication
communication that flows across the organization chart usually focuses on coordinating the activities of various dept. and developing new plans for future operating periods
to increase probability that communication will be successful
message must be encoded so that the sources experience of the way a signal should be decoded is = to the destinations experience of the way it should be decoded
behavior modification
focuses on encouraging appropriate behavior by controlling the consequences of that behavior
communication at a firm that occurs between friends and does not follow the lines of the organizational chart is best described as ________ organizational communication
informal
Equity Theory
is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes the individuals perceived fairness of an employment situation and how perceived inequities can cause certain behaviors
group
is any number of people who (1) interact with one another, (2) are psychologically aware of one another, and (3) perceive themselves to be a group
formal organization communication
is organizational comm that follows the lines of the organization chart
motivation
is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal
motivating factors
items that influence the degree of job satisfaction
positive reinforcement
reward that consists of a desirable consequence of behavior
Alderfer's ERG Theory
The theory that three universal needs—for existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior. Alderfer proposed that needs at more than one level can be motivational at the same time.
system 2
part of Likerts Mgt system; condescending, master-to-servant style of confidence and trust in subordinates
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X - the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory Y - the assumption that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.
circumstances such as the social climate, the surrounding environment, and audience expectations often impact how communication is understood. As a result, the source should most likely ________
consider the total physical and human setting when communicating
the process of putting info into a form that can be received and understood by another individual best describes---
encoding
Grapevine
is the network of informal organization communication
the ______________ is the most fundamental theories and begins with a person feeling a need and then the need is transformed into behavior directed toward achieving a goal
needs-goal
system 1
part of Likerts Mgt system; lack of confidence or trust in subordinates
__________ theories of motivation emphasize how individuals are motivated
process
example of a nonmonetary incentive
promotions from within the organization
according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire to maximize potential is an example of a(n)_____________ need
self-actualization
nonverbal communication
sharing info without using words to encode thoughts
task feedback
the degree to which carrying out the job's required activities results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness for his or her performance
____________ theory is based on the premise that behavior will continue until the felt need has been significantly reduced
the needs-goal
the source/encoder
the person in the interpersonal communication situation who originates and encodes information to be shared with others
communication
the process of sharing info with other individuals
Types of formal organization communication
1. downward organizational communication 2. upward organizational communication 3. lateral organizational communication
advantages of flextime
1. improved employee attitude and moral 2. accomadation of working parents 3. decreased tardiness 4. increased production 5. decrease turnover
some microbarries include:
1. sources view of the destination 2. message interference 3. destinations view of the source 4. perception 5. multimeaning words
some macrobarriers include:
1. the increasing need for info 2. the need for increasing complex info 3. the reality that people in the US are increasingly coming into contact with people who use languages other than english 4. the constant need to learn new concepts, which cuts down on the time available for comm
committees are established for 4 major reasons
1. to allow organization members to exchange ideas 2. to generate suggestions and recommendations that can be offered other organization units 3. to develop new ideas for solving existing organization problems 4. to assist in the development of organization policies
the ability to complete one's job within a workweek of a normal number of hours, but with the worker having choices in when he or she starts or finished, is called
flextime
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
focuses on the needs that people acquire through their life experiences 1. need for achievement 2. need for power 3. need for affiliation
listening shows organization members that the manager is interested in what subordinates have to say and encourages them to use ________ communication channels in subsequent situations
formal
_________ is the inner state that causes people to behave in ways that accomplish goals
motivation
according to Frederick Herzberg, factors that influence the degree of job satisfaction are called _________.
motivators
system 3
part of Likers Mgt system; substantial, though not complete, confidence in subordinates
successful communication
refers to an interpersonal communication situation in which the information the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are the same
vroom expectancy theory
hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior and that motivation strength depends on an individuals degree of desire to perform a behavior
according to most employees, what is the most reliable information source about organization events?
organization grapevine
what type of communication relates directly to the goals, functions, and structure of human organizations?
organizational communication
unsuccessful communication
refers to an interpersonal communication situation in which the information the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are different
job enlargement
increasing the number of operations an individual performs in order to enhance the individuals satisfaction with work
according to the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation, the extent to which an individual accomplishes a task is determined by the -------
individuals perception of whats required to perform the task