Mgt 3304 Exam 3

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

Decision Tree Analysis

A statistical and graphical, multiphase decision-making technique that contains a series of steps showing the sequence and interdependence of decisions.

Stages of Formal Group Development

Acceptance Stage, Communication and Decision-Making Stage, Group Solidarity Stage, and Group Control Stage

Downward organizational communication

Communication that flows from any point on an organization chart downward to another point on the organization chart

task group

a formal group of organization members who interact with one another to accomplish most of the organization's non-routine tasks

symptom

a sign that a problem exists

cross-functional team

a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

people feedback

ability and commitment, positive as well as corrective

what has been found to foster innovation in organizations?

active participation in decision making

3 primary source of external capital for entrepreneurs

angel investors, venture capitalists, bank financing

Angel Investors

are wealthy individuals who are willing to put up capital to new companies

the replacement of human effort by electromechanical devices is called _______________.

automation

Max is an entrepreneur who is looking to get a loan from a financial institution. Which form of external capital is Max using to fund his business venture?

bank financing

___________ focuses on encouraging appropriate behaviors by emphasizing rewards and thus controlling the consequences of behavior

behavior modification

which is a "people-related" step in building effective work teams? a. developing clear objectives and directions b. rewarding and recognizing teams for their accomplishments c. building good communication d. demonstrating interest in team progress

building good communication

refers to the process of sharing a message with others

communication

Upward organizational communication

communication that flows from one point on the organization chart upward to another point

verbal communication

communication that uses written or spoken words

which mgt function is involved with ensuring that an event occurs as it was intended to occur?

controlling

the concept that individuals or groups of individuals in an existing corporation can identify, evaluate, and exploit opportunities in the marketplace is called _________.

corporate entrepreneurship

value analysis

cost control and cost reduction technique that examines tall the part, materials, functions of an operation to help managers control ops

interpreting the message to determine its meaning is ----

decoding

barriers to successful interpersonal communication

decrease the probability that communication will be successful

pure breakdown (repair) policy

decrees that machine adjustments, lubrication,...., will be performed only after facilities or machines malfunction

informal group

defined as a collection of individuals whose common work experiences result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations that extend beyond those established by mgt

Feasibility Analysis

determines if an idea for a new business is practical

which term refers to and entrepreneur deciding to pursue a business opportunity by producing and marketing a product?

exploitation

Evaluation

feasibility studies are conducts

interest group

gains and maintains membership primarily because of a common concern that members have about a specific issue

which stage of the formal group dev process is characterized by flexibility and informality?

group control stage

exploitation

investments are committed

formal group

is a group that exists within an organization by virtue of mgt decree to perform tasks that enhance the attainment of organization objectives

team

is a group whose members influence one another toward the accomplishment of an organizational objectives

flextime

is a program that allows workers to complete their jobs within a workweek of a normal number of hours that they schedule themselves

total revenue

is all sales dollars accumulated from selling manufactured products/services

perception

is an individuals interpretation of a message

organizational communication

is interpersonal communication within organizations that directly relates to the goals, functions, and structure of human beings

Operations Management

is performance of managerial activities entailed in selecting, designing, operating, controlling, and updating production systems

quality

is the extent to which a product reliably does what it is intended to do

communication microbarrier

is the factor hindering successful comm that relates primarily to such variable as the comm message, the source, and the destination

standard

is the level of activity established to serve as a model for evaluating organization performance

entrepreneurial risk

is the likelihood and magnitude of the opportunities downside loss

Productivity

is the relationship between the total amount of goods or services being produced and the organizational resources needed to produce them

job rotation

moving workers from job to job rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long term

weakness

potential for inaccuracy of transmitted messages

cross-cultural experience

refers to experience living in a foreign country

message interference

refers to stimuli that compete with the communication message for the attention of the destination

punishment

the presentation of an undesirable behavior consequence or the removal of a desirable behavior consequence that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will continue

controlling

the process managers go through to control

innovation

the process of applying a new idea to the improvement of organization processes, products, or services

job enrichment

the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation

total costs

the sum of the fixed and variable costs for any given level of production

production

the transformation of an organizational resources into products

computer-aided design (CAD)

the use of computers in the design of new products or modifying existing ones

which motivation theory is based on the idea that individuals behave as they do in order to maximize personal benefits over the long term?

vrooms expectancy theory

At a marketing firm, each marketing team is required each year to justify their entire budget rather than use previous yearly budgets as a guide. This is an example of the budgeting process known as ___________ budgeting

zero-base

why should managers use committees

- committees improve the quality of decision making - committees encourage the expression of honest opinions - committees also tend to inc organizations participation in decision making and thereby enhance the chances of widespread support of decisions - committees ensure the representation of important groups in the decision making process

what's a successful team?

- gets the job done - develops as a team - is satisfied with the team

types of formal groups

1. Command groups (organizational chart) 2. Task groups (specific job) 3. Cross functional (work areas) 4. Self management (independent management such as hiring)

Controlling Process

1. Measuring performance 2. Comparing measured performance to standards 3. Taking corrective action

theories developed to help managers better understand human needs:

1. maslows hierarchy of needs 2. alderfers ERG theory 3. Argyns maturity 4. McClellands acquired needs theory

4 important theories describe how motivation occurs:

1. needs-goal theory 2. vroom expectancy theory 3. equity theory 4. porter-lawler theory

2 types of motivation theories

1. process theories 2. content theories

norming

The 3rd stage of team development, in which team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop.

process control

a technique that assists in monitoring production processes

fixed costs

an expense incurred by the organization regardless of the number of products produced

variable costs

an expense that fluctuates with the number of products produced

process theory of motivation

an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated

content theory of motivation

an explanation of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics

friendship group

an informal group composed of employees who enjoy one another's company and socialize with one another

hygeine or maintenance factors

are items that influence the degree of job dissatisfaction

during what phase of formal group development can group members move from mistrust to frank conversations with each other?

communication and decision-making stage

the step in the innovation process in which an idea is made practical for an organization to make/implement is called___________

developing

Borris is currently working with customers to help them to use a new product. This part of which step of the innovation process?

diffusing

informal organization communication

does not follow the lines of the organization chart

the degree to which managers attain organizational objectives is known as ______________.

effectiveness

a CEO is looking at the degree to which organizational resources contribute to productivity. This CEO is looking at the concept known as ____________

efficiency

refers to developing a message into a form that can be received and understood by others

encoding

an organizational group can qualify as a team only if members focus on ________

helping one another to achieve organizational objectives

Mario feels good about himself when he helps his co-workers. In the terminology of the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation this would be called a(n) ___________

intrinsic reward

serial transmission

involves passing information from one individual to another in a series

Corporate Entrepreneurship

is the process in which an existing corporation creates a new org or instigates renewal or innovation within that corporation

automation

is the replacement of human effort by electromechanical device

the group solidarity stage

members become more involved in group activities and cooperate rather than compete with one another

At Myers Industries, Mary is responsible for determining if newly implemented ideas should be improved or terminated. Mary is involved in the innovation process step of ________.

monitoring

research suggest that a high level of ______ within a team may improve team performance and lead to additional rewards from mgt

mutual trust

motivation that begins with an individual feeling is known as ---

needs goal theory

has the most influence of the total effect of a message

nonverbal factors

Strategic Renewal

occurs when a firm attempts to alter its own competitive strategy

Domain definition

occurs when a firm proactively seeks to create a product market position that competitors have not recognized

Bank Financing

occurs when an entrepreneur obtains financing from a financial institution in the form of a loan

negative reinforcement

reward that consists of the elimination of an undesirable consequence of behavior

purpose of commercial entrepreneurship

to create profits

the purpose of controlling

to help managers enhance the success of the overall mgt system through effective controlling

loss

when a business's expenses are more than its revenues

stages of groupthink

1. antecedents - dev. of groupthink 2. concurrence 3. symptoms of groupthink - pressure to confirm and censor their ideas 4. decision-making defects - when they fail to make effective decisions

organization related steps

1. building a stable overall org or company structure that team members view as secure 2. becoming involved in team events and demonstrating interest in team progress and functioning 3. properly rewarding and recognizing teams for their accomplishments 4. setting stable goals and priorities for the team

task related steps

1. developing clear objectives, directions, and project plans for the team 2. providing proper technical direction and leadership for the team

2 factors that may adversely influence the accuracy of an entrepreneurs risk perceptions

1. entrepreneurs belief in the law of numbers dec the risk that he/she perceives with opportunity 2. the control that an entrepreneurs feels with respect to the opportunities outcome may influence perceptions of the ideas risk

stages of cost control

1. establishing standard or planned cost amts 2. measuring actual costs incurred 3. comparing planned costs to incurred costs 4. making changes to reduce

Stages of Entrepreneurship

1. identification 2. evaluation 3. exploitation

5 Steps of the Innovation Process

1. inventing 2. developing 3. diffusing 4. integrating 5. monitoring

Benefits of Informal group membership

1. perpetuation of social and cultural values that group members consider important 2. status and social satisfaction that people might not enjoy w/o group membership 3. increase ease of communication among group members 4. increase desirability of the overall work environment

4 types of corporate entrepreneurship

1. sustained regeneration 2. organization rejuvenation 3. strategic renewal 4. domain definition

People related steps

1. trying to make the teams work satisfying 2. developing mutual trust among team members and between the team and mgt 3. building good communication 4. minimizing unresolved conflicts and power struggles within the team 5. dealing effectively with threats toward and within the team 6. building the perception that the jobs of team members are secure

message

encoded info that the source intends to share

the destination's reaction to a message is referred to as_________

feedback

increasing the number of operations and individual performs, to enhance satisfaction in work, is known as ________

job enlargement

organizational rejuvenation

Involves improving the firm's ability to execute strategies and focuses on new processes instead of new products

communication that moves horizontally between two points on an organization chart is referred to as ___________

lateral communication

Needs-Goal Theory

motivation model that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior - the most fundamental

self-managed teams

a team that plans, organizes, influences, and controls its own work situation with only minimal intervention and direction from mgt

problem

any factor within an organization that is a barrier to organization goal attainment

organizational resources

are all the assets available to a manager to generate products

communication macrobarriers

are factors hindering successful comm that relate primarily to the comm environment and to the larger world in which comm takes place

venture capitalists

are firms that raise money from investors and then use this money to make investments in new firms

Darren is the supervisor in a manufacturing facility that produces desks and chairs. Control of quality and output in his responsibility. To ensure that he is following the controlling process, after measuring the performance of his employees, he must __________ and then take any corrective action necessary

compare measured performance to standards

Total Quality Management (TQM)

continuous process of involving all org members in ensuring that every activity related to the production of goods/services has an appropriate role in establishing product quality

mgt exception

control tool that allows only significant deviations b/n planned and actual performance to be brought to a managers attention

purpose of social entrepreneurship

create value for the public

when is the meaning of the message determined and responded to?

during decoding

control

entails ensuring that an event occurs as it was planned to occur - planning and control are inseparable functions

William is often able to notice new and potentially useful info in the environment. He frequently sees patterns that others do not. This is an example of ________

entrepreneurial alertness

a(n) ____________ is an occasion to bring into existence new products and service that allow outputs to be sold at a price greater than their cost of production

entrepreneurial opportunity

inventing

establishes a new ideas that could help the org be more successful - technology ideas - product ideas - process ideas - mgt ideas

Integrating

establishes an invention as a permanent part of the organization

what is the second stage of the entrepreneurship process?

evaluating an opportunity

illusion of control

exists when entrepreneurs overestimate the extent to which they can control the outcome of an opportunity

Jill has an idea for a new business but need to determine whether the idea is practical and likely to succeed. what would best help Jill?

feasibility analysis

budget

financial plan outlining how funds in a given period will be obtained and spent

the manager of the marketing department at Davids company has put together a regularly scheduled meeting of individuals who get together once per week to discuss ways the company can enhance its marketing efforts. This is an example of a(n) _______

formal group

During the ______ stage of team development, team members become orientated to the team by discussing team specifics like role expectations and member skills A. storming B. norming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning

forming

Stages of Team Development

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

the group control

group members attempt to maximize the groups success by matching the individual abilities with group activities and by assisting one another - to maximize maturity and effectiveness

feedback

in the interpersonal communication situation, the destinations reaction to a message

commercial entrepreneurship

individuals or corporations that pursue entrepreneurial opportunities for the purpose of generating sales and profits

collection of individuals with common work experience who have formed a system of interpersonal relations not established by mgt are called_________

informal groups

the step in the innovation process in which the invention is established as a permanent part of the organization is called ___________

integrating

kinds of informal groups

interest groups, friendship group

Which step in the innovation process focuses on establishing a new idea that could potentially help the organization be more successful?

inventing

social entrepreneurship

involves the recognition, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities that create social value as opposed to personal or shareholder wealth

quality circles

is a small group of workers who meet to discuss quality-related problems in a particular project and to communicate their solutions to these problems to mgt directly at a formal presentation session

Workteam

is a task group used in organizations to achieve greater organizational flexibility or to cope with rapid growth

Just-in-time (JIT)

is a technique for reducing inventories to a minimum by arranging for production components to be delivered to the production facility "JIT" for them to be used - works best in companies that manufacture relatively standardized products that experience consistent demand

Entrepreneur

is an individual who identifies, evaluates, and exploits opportunities

entrepreneurial opportunity

is an occasion to bring into existence new products and services that allow ouputs to be sold at a price greater than their cost of production

Quality Assurance

is an operations process involving a broad group of activities aimed at achieving an organizations quality objectives

Problems-Solving Teams

is an organization team set up to help eliminate a specified problem within the organization

Innovation Process

is defined as the steps managers take to implement creative ideas

operational control

is making sure the operations activities are carried out as planned

Corrective Action

is managerial activity aimed at bringing organization performance up to the level of performance standards

forming

is the 1st stage of the team dev. process; during this stage, members of the newly formed team become orientated to the team and acquainted with one another

cost control

is wide ranging control aimed at keeping organization costs at planned levels

The Concord Tools factory has a system in place where inventories are kept a low levels with necessary production components delivered when they are needed. This is called ____________

just in time inventory control

Team Dysfunctions

lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability, inattention to results

the 4 types of ratios analysis are profitability, activity, leverage, and ___________.

liquidity

identification

looking for opportunities

Pure-Preventive Maintenance Policy

machine adjustment, lubrication, cleaning, parts replacement, painting, and needed repairs and overhauls are done regularly, before facilities or machines malfunction

developing

makes a new idea practical

as a group becomes more mature and effective, group members will work for a common purpose instead of pursuing different directions. this is reflected by what group member characteristic?

members are orientated toward a single goal

Monitoring

newly implemented idea is tracked to determine if and when the idea should be improved or terminated

sustained regeneration

occurs when firms develop new cultures, processes, or structures to support new product innovations in current markets as well as introducing existing products into new markets

the communication and decision making stage

once passed acceptance, better able to communicate - this frank communication provides basis for establishing and using an effective group decision-making mechanism

variable budget (flexible budget)

one that outlines the levels of resources to be allocated for each organization activity according to the level of production within the organization

materials control

operations control activity that determines the flow of materials from vendors through an ops system to customers

Fist type of opportunity

opportunities arise from the creation of new products or services

Second type of opportunity

opportunities arise from the discovery of new geographical markets in which new customers will appreciate the new product or service

5th type of opportunity

opportunities may arise from new methods of organizing

Third type of opportunity

opportunities may arise from the creation or discovery of new raw materials or after discovering alternative uses for existing raw materials

4th type of opportunity

opportunities may emerge from the discovery of new methods of production

system 4

part of Likers Mgt system; complete trust and confidence in subordinates

what best describes a group

people who interact with and are psychologically aware of one another

when a team fully focuses on solving organizational problems and addressing challenges, the team is in the ____________ stage of the team dev. process

performing

Zero-based budgeting

planning and budgeting process that requires managers to justify their entire budget request in detail rather than simply refer to budget amts established in previous years

corporate entrepreneurship differs from social entrepreneurship is that -------

primary source of funding is individual and commercial investment

a specialized team established to discuss ways to improve quality in an organization is an example of a(n) _______ team

problem-solving

ratio analysis

process of generating info that summarizes that financial position of an organization through the calculation of ratios based on various financial measures that appear on the organizations balance sheet and income statements

break-even analysis

process of generating info that summarizes various levels of profit or loss associated with various levels of production

The transformation of organizational resources into products is called ___________.

production

which term refers to the relationship between the total amt of goods produced and the resources needed to produce them?

productivity

diffusing

puts a new ideas to use by ends users or customers

The managers at Williams Manufacturing want to make sure that their products do what they are intended to do. In this case, it would seem the managers are focused on__________.

quality

the term that means the degree to which a product satisfies the specifications for which it was built is ______________.

quality

At Apex Electronics, a group of six employees are having a meeting to discuss quality problems related to newly designed circuit board. After the meeting, they will convey their solutions to upper mgt. This scenario best describes a _________________.

quality circle

acceptance stage

reached only after the initial distrust dwindles and group has been transformed into one characterized by mutual trust and acceptance

entrepreneurial awareness

refers to an individuals ability to notice and be sensitive to new info about objects, incidents, and patterns of behavior in the environment

law of numbers

refers to individuals relying on small samples of info to guide their decisions

exploitation

refers to the activities and investments that are committed to gain returns from the new product or service arising from an opportunity

social value

refers to the basic, long-standing needs of society and has little to do with profits

info symmetry

refers to the fact that individuals vary in terms of the info to which they have access

Entrepreneurship

refers to the identification, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities

downside loss

refers to the resources that the entrepreneur could lose if the opportunity does not succeed

the ability to assess means-ends relationships

refers to understanding how to turn a new technology into a product or service that will be desired by consumers

social networks

represent individuals patterns of social relationships

which type of team generally works to accomplish whole tasks as opposed to "parts" of a job?

self-managed team

transformational

set of steps necessary to changes these resources into products

control tool

specific procedure or technique that presents pertinent organization info in a way that helps managers to develop and implement an appropriate control strategy

At the Holiday Hotel, maids are told they need to completely clean a room in 5 minutes or less for their performance to be considered adequate. This specific time limit would best be described as ____________.

standard

john, a production manager at Widgets Incorporated, must ensure that enough items are assessed as they come off the manufacturing line to confirm that the defect rate for those items meets the high organization standards set by Widgets Inc. Which technique would best help John with his goal?

statistical quality control

the __________ group of team dev. is characterized by intragroup conflict

storming

reverse innovation

taking a concept or product created for a very specific use and extending t to a new, often larger audience

storming

the 2nd stage of team dev. process; is characterized by conflict and disagreement as team members become more assertive in clarifying their individual roles - during this stage the team seems to lack unity bc members are continually challenging the way the team functions

Ajourning

the 5th and last stage of team dev. process; is the stage in which the team finished its job and prepares to disband

collaboration

the ability to work with others in accomplishing a task

profit

the amount of total revenue that exceeds the total costs for producing the products sold

effectivesness

the degree to which managers attain organizational objectives, "doing the right thing"

Effieciency

the degree to which organizational resources contribute to productivity , "doing things right"

performing

the fourth and of team development, in which performance improves because the team has matured into an effective, fully functioning team

a linking pin is -----

the managers or supervisors who are responsible for the coordination of and communication among formal organizational groups

Groupthink

the mode of thinking that group members engage in when the desire for agreement dominates the group that it overrides the need to realistically appraise alternative solutions

break-even point

the point at which the costsrnt of producing a product equal the revenue made from selling the product

Statistical Quality Control

the process used to determine how many products should be inspected to calculate a probability that the total number of products will meet organizational quality standards.

robotics

the study of the dev. and use of robots

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

the use of computers to plan and program equipment used in the production and inspection of manufactured items

the assumption that employees will exercise self-direction and self-control in meeting their objectives, the idea known as ____________

theory Y

The continuous process of involving organization members in ensuring that all work activities have an appropriate role in establishing product quality is called _____________.

total quality mgt

the most fundamental ingredient of effective teams is ----

trust

special purpose and self managed teams

typically consist of workers and union reps meeting together to collaborate on operational decisions at all levels

__________ communication is an interpersonal communication situation in which the information that the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning that the destination derives from the transmitted message are different

unsuccessful

problem solving team

when members share ideas or offer suggestions on how work processes and methods can be improved

disadvantages of flextime

1. lack of supervision during some hours of work 2. key people unavailable at certain times 3. understaffing at times

3 basic elements of interpersonal communication

1. the source/encoder 2. the signal 3. decoder/destination

Joel is a manager who assumes that all his subordinates will slack off and do a poor job unless they are monitored and punished for even small transgressions. what best describes Joel's approach to employee motivation?

Theory X

command group

formal group that is outlined in the chain of command on an organization chart. They typically handle routine activities

__________ is usually the more important type of communication in an organization, and its flow should be actively promoted by managers

formal organizational communication

committee

is a task group that's charged with performing some type pf specific activity

signal

is the message that has been transmitted from one person to another

__________ involves moving workers from job to job instead of specializing in one job over the long term

job rotation

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are the most basic and important?

physiological needs

Decoder/destination

The person or persons with whom the source is attempting to share information

Lateral organizational communication

communication that flows across the organization chart usually focuses on coordinating the activities of various dept. and developing new plans for future operating periods

to increase probability that communication will be successful

message must be encoded so that the sources experience of the way a signal should be decoded is = to the destinations experience of the way it should be decoded

behavior modification

focuses on encouraging appropriate behavior by controlling the consequences of that behavior

communication at a firm that occurs between friends and does not follow the lines of the organizational chart is best described as ________ organizational communication

informal

Equity Theory

is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes the individuals perceived fairness of an employment situation and how perceived inequities can cause certain behaviors

group

is any number of people who (1) interact with one another, (2) are psychologically aware of one another, and (3) perceive themselves to be a group

formal organization communication

is organizational comm that follows the lines of the organization chart

motivation

is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal

motivating factors

items that influence the degree of job satisfaction

positive reinforcement

reward that consists of a desirable consequence of behavior

Alderfer's ERG Theory

The theory that three universal needs—for existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior. Alderfer proposed that needs at more than one level can be motivational at the same time.

system 2

part of Likerts Mgt system; condescending, master-to-servant style of confidence and trust in subordinates

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

Theory X - the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory Y - the assumption that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

circumstances such as the social climate, the surrounding environment, and audience expectations often impact how communication is understood. As a result, the source should most likely ________

consider the total physical and human setting when communicating

the process of putting info into a form that can be received and understood by another individual best describes---

encoding

Grapevine

is the network of informal organization communication

the ______________ is the most fundamental theories and begins with a person feeling a need and then the need is transformed into behavior directed toward achieving a goal

needs-goal

system 1

part of Likerts Mgt system; lack of confidence or trust in subordinates

__________ theories of motivation emphasize how individuals are motivated

process

example of a nonmonetary incentive

promotions from within the organization

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire to maximize potential is an example of a(n)_____________ need

self-actualization

nonverbal communication

sharing info without using words to encode thoughts

task feedback

the degree to which carrying out the job's required activities results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness for his or her performance

____________ theory is based on the premise that behavior will continue until the felt need has been significantly reduced

the needs-goal

the source/encoder

the person in the interpersonal communication situation who originates and encodes information to be shared with others

communication

the process of sharing info with other individuals

Types of formal organization communication

1. downward organizational communication 2. upward organizational communication 3. lateral organizational communication

advantages of flextime

1. improved employee attitude and moral 2. accomadation of working parents 3. decreased tardiness 4. increased production 5. decrease turnover

some microbarries include:

1. sources view of the destination 2. message interference 3. destinations view of the source 4. perception 5. multimeaning words

some macrobarriers include:

1. the increasing need for info 2. the need for increasing complex info 3. the reality that people in the US are increasingly coming into contact with people who use languages other than english 4. the constant need to learn new concepts, which cuts down on the time available for comm

committees are established for 4 major reasons

1. to allow organization members to exchange ideas 2. to generate suggestions and recommendations that can be offered other organization units 3. to develop new ideas for solving existing organization problems 4. to assist in the development of organization policies

the ability to complete one's job within a workweek of a normal number of hours, but with the worker having choices in when he or she starts or finished, is called

flextime

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory

focuses on the needs that people acquire through their life experiences 1. need for achievement 2. need for power 3. need for affiliation

listening shows organization members that the manager is interested in what subordinates have to say and encourages them to use ________ communication channels in subsequent situations

formal

_________ is the inner state that causes people to behave in ways that accomplish goals

motivation

according to Frederick Herzberg, factors that influence the degree of job satisfaction are called _________.

motivators

system 3

part of Likers Mgt system; substantial, though not complete, confidence in subordinates

successful communication

refers to an interpersonal communication situation in which the information the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are the same

vroom expectancy theory

hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior and that motivation strength depends on an individuals degree of desire to perform a behavior

according to most employees, what is the most reliable information source about organization events?

organization grapevine

what type of communication relates directly to the goals, functions, and structure of human organizations?

organizational communication

unsuccessful communication

refers to an interpersonal communication situation in which the information the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are different

job enlargement

increasing the number of operations an individual performs in order to enhance the individuals satisfaction with work

according to the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation, the extent to which an individual accomplishes a task is determined by the -------

individuals perception of whats required to perform the task