MGT 331 Chapter 1 - 6 Practice

_____ is the obedience, energy, application, and other outward marks of respect for a superior's authority.

Discipline

The _____ is the idea that the pursuit of self-interest with no consideration for societal interest leads to disaster.

"Tragedy of the commons"

Time-and-motion study involves:

Carefully timing and recording the actions taken to perform a particular task.

The concentration of authority at the top of the managerial hierarchy is known as _____.

Centralization

_____ is defined as the ability of one organization to outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than its competitors.

Competitive Advantage

An organization that is not presently in a task environment but has the resources to enter if it so chooses is called a potential _____.

Competitor

The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect is a:

Conceptual skill

Abby, the CEO of Little Angel Photography, reviews the performance of her company over the last quarter to determine whether they are meeting the planned sales and profitability goals. In this instance, which managerial task is she performing?

Controlling

Daniel, a manager at Joe's Fish Shack, monitors the performance of workers in his department to check if the quality of their work is meeting the performance standards of the company. In doing so, which managerial task is Daniel performing?

Controlling

In _____, managers evaluate how well the organization is accomplishing its goals.

Controlling

Which of the following stakeholder groups are considered to be the most critical?

Customers

According to Hofstede, the gap between the rich and poor in low-power-distance societies is very wide.

False

Which of the following is an element of planning?

Deciding which goals the organization will pursue and what strategies will achieve those goals

Which of the following is a primary concern of top managers?

Deciding which goods a company should produce

Following an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the CEO of an American petroleum company took the responsibility for correcting the environmental damages caused by his company. According to Mintzberg's typology, in doing so, he is performing the role of a _____.

Disturbance handler

Increasing the_____ of the workforce is one of the most important management issues to have emerged over the last 40 years.

Diversity

_____ result(s) from factors such as manufacturing products in very large quantities, buying inputs in bulk, or making more effective use of organizational resources than do competitors by fully utilizing employees' skills and knowledge.

Economies of scale

A manager in a liaison role manages diversity in an organization by:

Enabling diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts and cooperate with one another.

According to Mintzberg's typology, a manager who commits organizational resources to develop innovative goods and services is a(n) _____.

Entrepreneur

The tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and disintegrate is referred to as _____.

Entropy

_____ refers to shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group.

Esprit de corps

A(n) ______ is the quandary people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group and is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against their own self-interest.

Ethical dilemma

_____ are the inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave.

Ethics

Which of the following is a right approach to eradicating sexual harassment?

Every sexual harassment charge should be taken seriously.

James, the manager of Andy's Candy, a popular confectioner in Illinois, is in charge of outlining future organizational goals to employees at company meetings and emphasizing the ethical guidelines which employees are expected to follow at work. According to Mintzberg, he is performing the role of a _____.

Figurehead

Lewd jokes or displays of sexually oriented objects are examples of _____ sexual harassment.

Hostile work environment

Sexually oriented remarks about one's physical appearance is an example of:

Hostile work environment sexual harassment.

The _____ movement advocates that supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity.

Human relations

Which of the following is a consequence of restructuring?

Increase in employee attrition

Which of the following is a result of effectively managing diversity?

Increase in retention of valued employees

Which of the following helps ensure that diversity is managed effectively in an organization?

Increasing the accuracy of perceptions

Which of the following terms refer to the standards that determine how people should act in situations when their own self-interest is at stake?

Individual ethics

_____ refers to the system of behavioral rules and norms that emerge in a group.

Informal organization

A manager in a disseminator role manages diversity in an organization by:

Informing employees about diversity policies and initiatives and the intolerance of discrimination.

_____ refers to the ability to act on one's own without direction from a superior.

Initiative

Holly belongs to a culture which values the subordination of individuals to the group. The national culture also values personal stability and living for the present. Which of the following, according to Hofstede, is true of Holly's culture?

It is high on collectivism and has a short-term orientation

Which of the following rules states that an ethical decision distributes benefits and harms among people and groups in a fair, equitable, or impartial way?

Justice

Oceania Unlimited Inc. is a tourism agency that offers special holiday packages in the Pacific region. Every year, as an incentive, the most efficient and effective manager in the network gets an all-expenses-paid trip to one of Oceania's islands. Which of the following managers is most likely to meet these requirements?: A.) Nico, who chooses the right goals to pursue, and spends more than he needs on resources B.) Karen, who chooses the right goals to pursue, and makes clever use of resources to achieve them C.) Douglas, who chooses the right goals to pursue and displays an overly rigid approach to planning D.) Barrie, who chooses unrealistic goals, and tries hard to succeed E.) Leo, who chooses appropriate goals, but is slow in decision making

Karen, who chooses the right goals to pursue, and makes clever use of resources to achieve them

Jack Sprouts Inc. is a company based in Riverdale that markets canned vegetables. In recent years, Jack Sprouts' business has declined considerably owing to a weak focus on quality. Holding the managers responsible for the declining sales figures, the CEO of Jack Sprouts decided to lay off those who lacked effectiveness and were inefficient. Who among the following is most likely to be laid off by Jack Sprouts' CEO?: A.) Elise, who is ambitious and favors directional planning B.) Kerry, who spends lavishly on resources and is averse to taking responsibilities C.) Juan, who chooses appropriate goals to pursue but does not always succeed due to resource constraints D.) Margo, who sets high targets for herself and her team, and makes the best use of available resources to meet them E.) Andy, who plans carefully and only chooses realistic goals to pursue

Kerry, who spends lavishly on resources and is averse to taking responsibilities

Which of the following tasks does a manager perform when he/she energizes employees and enables them to understand the part each of them plays in achieving organizational goals?

Leading

Which of the following is a branch of management science that gives managers vital, decision-making facts about events occurring inside the organization as well as in its external environment?

Management information systems (MISs)

_____ is a contemporary approach to management that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

Management science theory

Which of the following groups are responsible for using a company's financial, capital, and human resources to increase its performance and thus its stock price?

Managers

Which of the following stakeholder groups have the responsibility for deciding the goals of the organization that must be pursued to benefit stakeholders?

Managers

Esprit de corps results when:

Managers encourage communication to solve problems.

Which of the following refers to an organizational structure in which authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised?

Mechanistic structure

Which of the following rules states that an ethical decision is one that best maintains and protects the fundamental or inalienable rights and privileges of the people affected by it?

Moral rights

Which of the following refers to the thoughts and feelings that tell people what is right or wrong?

Moral scruples

According to Mintzberg's typology, a manager who establishes agreements with other organizations about pooling company resources while working on joint projects is a(n) _____.

Negotiator

_____ refer(s) to unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization.

Norms

According to the approaches to social responsibility, at the low end of the range is the _____ approach, in which companies and their managers choose not to behave in a socially responsible way.

Obstructionist

_____ are standards that govern how members of a profession should conduct themselves.

Occupational ethics

In a(n) ________, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers to encourage them to take responsibility and act quickly to pursue scarce resources.

Organic structure

_____ studies the factors that affect how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.

Organizational behavior

Which of the following terms refer to the guiding practices and beliefs through which a particular firm views its responsibilities to stakeholders?

Organizational ethics

_____ is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals.

Organizational performance

______ is knowingly and willingly denying diverse individuals access to opportunities and outcomes in an organization.

Overt discrimination

_____ is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret sensory input.

Perception

Marietta is the product manager at Fireflies Ltd., a company that designs and manufactures clothes and fashion accessories. Noticing the rising popularity of rhinestone jewelry and the fact that only a handful of stores actually stocked it, she decided to take advantage of the latent demand in the market. Marietta knew that she was taking a risk by committing organizational resources to pursuing this idea, but was confident about the merit of her decision. In deciding the allocation of resources for attaining her goals, which managerial task can Marietta be said to be performing?

Planning

Which of the following rules states that an ethical decision is one that a manager has no hesitation or reluctance about communicating to people outside the company because the typical person in a society would think it is acceptable?

Practical

Companies and managers taking a _____ approach actively embrace the need to behave in socially responsible ways.

Proactive

The principle of ______ requires that managers use fair methods to determine how to distribute outcomes to organization members.

Procedural justice

According to _____, managers should closely supervise employees to ensure that employees work hard.

Theory X

Which of the following refers to the esteem organizations gain when they behave ethically?

Reputation

Owing to financial problems in the organization, the top management of an investment bank decided to reduce the number of middle managers by 10 percent. This is an example of _____.

Restructuring

Formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals are known as _____.

Rules

Abstract knowledge structures stored in memory that allow people to organize and interpret information about a person, an event, or a situation are called _____.

Schemas

Having multiple hierarchical levels in an organization:

Slows the pace of planning and organizing

Jean is the CEO of Creative Tribune, an advertising firm in Winchester. Many distinctions exist between the different classes of people in her society. Most of the top managers in her organization, for example, come from the upper classes. This implies that society in Winchester has a high degree of _____.

Social Stratification

_____ is the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society.

Social Structure

A company's stance on _____ is the way its managers and employees view their duty or obligation to make decisions that protect, enhance, and promote the welfare and well-being of stakeholders and society as a whole.

Social responsibility

Which of the following terms refer to the standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another?

Societal ethics

______ diversity suggests that managers need to be sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of workers who may be less fortunate than themselves in terms of income and financial resources.

Socioeconomic

In an interview with a television channel, the Public Relations manager of KP Oil explained what his company intended to do to tackle the threat to marine life caused by an oil spill in the Pacific Ocean. The oil spill was caused by a tanker ship accident carrying crude oil for the company. According to Mintzberg, the PR manager of KP Oil is playing the role of a _____.

Spokesperson

_____ supply a company with its productive resources; as a result, they have a claim on or share in the company.

Stakeholders

_____ refer(s) to specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a task.

Standard operating procedures

_____ are composed of simplistic and often inaccurate beliefs about the typical characteristics of particular groups of people.

Stereotypes

_____ have a claim on a company because when they buy its shares they become its owners.

Stockholders

_____ refers to the performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions.

Synergy

_____ is the creation of a new vision for a struggling company using a new approach to planning and organizing to make better use of a company's resources and allow it to survive and eventually prosper.

Turnaround management

_____ allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages in cases of intentional discrimination.

The Civil Rights Act of 1991

_____ refers to the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization.

The line of authority

Fayol recommended using an organizational chart to show:

The position and duties of each employee.

Which of the following defines unity of direction?

The singleness of purpose that makes possible the creation of one plan of action to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources

_____ is the tendency to perceive individuals with a higher position in the social hierarchy more positively than we perceive those with a lower position in the social hierarchy.

The social status effect

Which of the following is true of middle managers?

They make specific decisions about the production of goods and services.

Stockholders are interested in how a company operates because:

They want to maximize the return on their investment.

Which of the following is an advantage of centralization?

This arrangement gives top managers great control over organizational activities.

_____ prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

Competitors are organizations that produce goods and services that are similar and comparable to a particular organization's goods and services.

True

Nations forming political unions that allow free exchange of resources and capital is an example of the political and legal forces in the environment.

True

The willingness of one person to have confidence in the goodwill of another person is called _____.

Trust

The principle of _____ specifies that an employee should receive orders from, and report to, only one superior.

Unity of command

Which of the following rules states that an ethical decision is a decision that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

Utilitarian

A company with a high level of efficiency and effectiveness is most likely to produce:

a product that customers want at a quality and price they can afford.

Who among the following is responsible for communicating ethical standards to all employees, designing systems to monitor employees' conformity to those standards, and teaching managers and employees at all levels of the organization how to respond to ethical dilemmas appropriately?

an ethics ombudsperson

A credo of a company refers to its:

code of ethics

Emma is a highly efficient manager. This implies that she:

minimizes the amount of input resources without compromising quality.

Bob was recently promoted to the position of manager of the engineering division in his company because of his knowledge and his ability to perform all the functions required in his field. In this instance, Bob was promoted because of his _____ skill

technical

Core competency is:

the specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another.