MGT. CH 7

4. Identify the four steps in the ratinoal decision making model from beginning to end.

1. Identify the problem or opportunity. 2. Think up alternative solutions. 3. Evaluate alterntitives and select a solution 4. implement and evaluate the solution chosen

8. When evaluative alternatives during the decision-making process, which of the following is a question that a manager should ask?

Is it feasible?

1. What best describes a choice made from available alternatives?

decision

2. ______ making is the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action

decision

7. Conducting a(n) ____ involves analyzing the underlying causes

diagnosis

22. Which item below is NOT part of the seven implementation principles of evidence-based decision making.

don't worry about what outsiders think.

6. _____ are situations that present possibilities for exceeding existing goals.

opportunities

5. _____ or difficulties can inhibit the achievement of goals

problems

26. Choose the correct definition of risk propensity, also sometimes known as competitiveness.

risk propensity is the willingness to take risk for the possibility of gaining an increased payoff.

16. The ___ model of decision making emphasizes choosing the 1st solution that meets criteria rather than an optimal choice.

satisficing

28. T/F: Value orientation reflects the extent to which a person is unethical

false (it reflects the extent of which a person is either task or people oriented when making decisions)

14. Which models of decision making explain how managers actually make decisions; assuming that decision making is nearly always uncertain and risky, making it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions.

non-rational

18. Identify several guidelines for developing intuitive awareness.

open up the closet, play devil's advocate, get a feel for your batting average, use imagery

3. The ____ model of decision making explains how managers should make decisions based on that will be the optimum in furthering the organizations best interest.

rational

23. Select all of the challenges to evidence-based decision making

there is too much evidence, people are trying to mislead you, the side effects outweigh the cure, not enough good evidence

10. T/F: The law of unintended consequences states that things happen that were not foreseen.

true

15. T/F: Non-rational models of decision making are descriptive rather than prescriptive.

true

19. T/F: one benefit of using intuition in decision making is that it speeds up the process when deadlines are tight.

true

21. T/F: the major drawback of using intuition is that it can be difficult to convince others that your decision makes sense.

true

32. T/F: a decision tree is an analytical tool that can help managers to understand the possible consequences of their decisions and to help create a plan to reach a goal.

true

33. T/F: According to Harvard Business School Professor, Constance Bagley, making a good ethical decision on behalf of a corporation should be based up the individuals own ideas about right and wrong.

true

37. T/F: people in a state of panic due to a problem have judgment that is so clouded that they cannot react realistically to the situation

true

9. T/F: for implementation of a decision to be successful, you need to plan carefully and be sensitive to those affected.

true

25. ______ _______, AKA brainwriting, is a common term often used to describe a technique used to help members of a group come together over a computer network to generate ideas and alternatives for solving problems.

...

13. Which 3 assumptions are prevalent in the rational decision making model?

1) complete information, no uncertainty, 2) logical, unemotional analysis, 3)choice of best decision for the organization and not the individual

29. T/F: Ambiguous situations can energize and motivate people who have a low tolerance for ambiguity

False (people with a low tolerance for ambiguity would find this situation very stressful and demotivating)

17. _____ is a concept that suggest decision makers are limited by many constraints such as complexity, time and money, cognitive capacity, values, skills, etc.

bounded rationality

24. The Term used for sophisticated forms of business data evaluations is:

business analytics

31. Which one of the following best describes the decisions made by a person with an analytical style?

carefully considers lots information and alternatives

11. Which of the following are things you should do if the decision you made is not working?

change it slightly, give it more time, start over, try another alternative

27. An individual perceives and responds to information based on their _______.

decision making style

36. In ______ _____ managers can't find a good solution to the problem so they "pass the buck" to someone else.

defensive avoidance

30. People with this decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented. They are efficient, logical, and practical in this approach to solving problems and making decision. What style do they use?

directive

12. T/F: the rational model is prescriptive in that it describes how managers out to make decsions without making any assumptions first.

false

20. "Going with your gut", or ______, is making a choice without the use of conscious thought or logical inference

intuition

34. Which of the following questinos given below is NOT one of the four questions used in Bagleys ethical decision tree?

is the proposed action a benefit to our competitors

35. All of the following are ineffective reactions to challenges EXCEPT:

urgency