MGT Exam 2 Practice quiz

Training is the process of familiarizing new employees with the organizational environment: co-workers, company procedures, and physical properties.

False

Unethical decisions foster trust but make the continuation of business difficult, if not impossible.

False

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?

An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

Transformational leaders generally display which of the following characteristics?

Change facilitation and integrity

In the process of organizing, a first or basic step is usually grouping tasks into

Jobs

A set of principles that describe what a person believes is the right way to behave is called

Moral philosophy

_____ are more concerned with the end results, whereas _____ are concerned with the means to get those results.

Utilitarians; deontologists

For businesspersons to be ethical, they must strive for success while

being fair, just, and trustworthy.

The difference between ethical behavior and a law is that a law

defines a minimally acceptable standard of conduct.

The major positive outcome of job rotation appears to be that it

is useful in cross-training work teams.

A company has worked with a large supplier for many years. Recently, the supplier has requested certain financial favors from the company, threatening to terminate the contract if demands are not met. An ethical issue has arisen in the area of

organizational relationships.

All of the following are related to setting up a compensation system EXCEPT

the company's compensation budget.

As the trait approach to leadership waned, two major dimensions of leader behavior emerged from new research: (1) how leaders get the job done and (2) how leaders treat their subordinates.

True

Delegation is the assignment of projects and authority to a subordinate.

True

Frederick Taylor believed in the principle of hedonism —that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

True

Organic organizations tend to be more ambiguous, make fast decisions, grow quickly, and have fewer clearly defined rules.

True

Power is always inherent in a relationship between two people and is based on one's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of some need or the other.

True

What is meant by job specialization?

The division of work into smaller, distinct tasks

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory stresses that leaders tend to develop strong positive attitudinal and emotional relationships to certain subordinates, who then become part of the leader's

"team" or in-group.

Also known as moral philosophies, what term describes sets of principles that describe what a person believes are the right way to behave?

Individual values

The principle that holds that an employment contract is a legal agreement between free agents in which the government should not interfere, and either party may break the contract at any time, for any reason, is called

employment-at-will.

Which of the following characteristics relates to job enrichment?

A behavioral approach in which jobs are designed to increase the number of similar tasks involved, especially tasks that require information processing and decision making

Which of the following characteristics relates to an organizational chart?

A graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization

Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?

A leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees

Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?

A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment

What is path-goal theory?

A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment

Which of the following characteristics relates to a social audit?

A systematic examination of the objectives, strategies, organization, and performance of the social responsibility function

What is on-the-job training?

A technique in which the employee learns the job tasks while actually performing the job

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a maintenance factor?

Comfortable working conditions

A corporation that has diversified into a variety of unrelated businesses is known as a

Conglomerate

Which of the following characteristics relates to initiating-structure behaviors?

Defining and structuring leader-employee roles through activities such as scheduling, defining work tasks, setting deadlines, criticizing poor work, getting employees to accept work standards, and resolving problems

What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?

Equity theory

Which of the following refers to an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person or organization to choose among several actions that may be evaluated as ethical or unethical?

Ethical issue

Which of the following refers to a comprehensive evaluation of a firm's ethics and compliance program and its ethical decisions used to determine whether the program is effective?

Ethics audit

What name is given to weakening an undesired behavior by not providing positive consequences?

Extinction

A compressed work week allows a company to take advantage of the skills of two people in performing the job.

False

A recent trend in motivation has been to empower employees by giving them higher pay and bonuses.

False

The greater a person's exposure to unethical behavior, the less likely it is that he or she will act unethically.

False

What is meant by deontology?

Focuses on human rights and values and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior

What term describes the arrangement of positions, as shown on an organizational chart, that dictates where work activities are completed, where decisions should be made, and the flow of information?

Formal organization

What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?

Goal-setting theory

Which of the following supervisor qualities supports motivation?

Honesty & fairness

What term describes a combination of several different structures and the most common form of organizational structure?

Hybrid structure

Which of the following is one of the four major types of leadership behaviors recognized in path-goal theory?

Participative leadership

Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order, starting with the most basic?

Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization

What is business ethics?

Principles, values, and codes of conduct that define acceptable behavior in business

Which of the following refers to a set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform?

Process theories

An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called

Self-efficancy

What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?

Social learning theory

What are mechanistic organizations?

Structures that are highly formal, complex, and centralized

______ has become a leading issue in the 21st century as both business and the public acknowledge the damage done to the environment by past generations.

Sustainability

Which one of the following activities or behaviors is characteristic of a charismatic leader?

Takes great personal risks and engages in unconventional behavior to achieve change

To find out if applicants have the specific KSAs during the selection process, many organizations use

Tests

The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to

The Hawthorne studies

What is vertical coordination?

The integration of succeeding levels of the organization

Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?

Transactional leadership

According to Fiedler's contingency theory, if a leader's style does not match the situation, then either the situation should be changed or another leader should be found who does match the situation.

True

According to Oldham and Hackman, growth-need strength is the extent to which an employee desires a job that provides personal challenges, a sense of accomplishment, and personal growth.

True

In management, decisions often require weighing monetary profit or personal interests against what the individual, work group, or organization considers honest and fair.

True

Job analysis is the first step in identifying the training needs of new employees or employees who are changing positions.

True

One of the strong arguments in favor of asking businesses to be socially responsible is that since they have created many social problems, they should also help solve them.

True

Paternalistic management raises a high level of concern for people to reward for compliance, or punish for rejection.

True

The University of Michigan studies identified two dimensions of leadership behavior: task-oriented behaviors and relationship-oriented behaviors.

True

The biggest takeaway of the situational leadership theory is that management styles depend on the situation of where employees are at in their development.

True

The path-goal theory of leadership states that two categories of situational factors determine appropriate leadership behaviors: (1) employees' personal characteristics and (2) environmental pressures and demands on employees.

True

When workers are laid off, their motivational focus shifts from fulfilling higher-level needs to lower-level needs.

True

Which of the following best describes when a managerial decision becomes an ethical issue?

When accepted rules no longer apply, and the person must use his or her own moral standards

The University of Michigan studies of leadership effectiveness found that the most effective leaders

employ both task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.

When a performance evaluation is based on favoritism and political opportunity, rather than on merit, an ethical issue has arisen in the area of

employee relations.

Questions used in wage and salary surveys usually ask about all of the following EXCEPT

employee traits.

Because of the subjective and comparative nature of the variables involved in equity theory, a person will feel

equitably compensated, overcompensated, or undercompensated.

All of the following are basic types of reinforcement EXCEPT

expectancy Extinction, punishment, positive reinforcement are types of reinforcements

Ethical considerations exist in relatively few management decisions.

false

Horizontal coordination is the integration of succeeding levels of organization.

false

Resistance to the use of power is most likely to occur with the personal power sources and least likely to occur when coercion is used.

false

Managers tend to be more concerned about ethical issues that

have immediate consequences.

In summarizing the trait and early behavioral approaches to leadership, it can be said that

neither approach addressed contingency factors that are very important in leadership.

Flextime allows for all of the following EXCEPT

reducing the total number of hours that employees work.

According to social learning theory, all of the following are steps that must occur during the modeling process EXCEPT

reinforcement. Attention, retention, and motivation must occur

In Fiedler's leadership contingency theory, the basic concept is that successful leadership requires matching leaders with stable leadership styles to

the demands of the situation.