MGT Exam 2 Practice quiz
Training is the process of familiarizing new employees with the organizational environment: co-workers, company procedures, and physical properties.
False
Unethical decisions foster trust but make the continuation of business difficult, if not impossible.
False
Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?
An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals
Transformational leaders generally display which of the following characteristics?
Change facilitation and integrity
In the process of organizing, a first or basic step is usually grouping tasks into
Jobs
A set of principles that describe what a person believes is the right way to behave is called
Moral philosophy
_____ are more concerned with the end results, whereas _____ are concerned with the means to get those results.
Utilitarians; deontologists
For businesspersons to be ethical, they must strive for success while
being fair, just, and trustworthy.
The difference between ethical behavior and a law is that a law
defines a minimally acceptable standard of conduct.
The major positive outcome of job rotation appears to be that it
is useful in cross-training work teams.
A company has worked with a large supplier for many years. Recently, the supplier has requested certain financial favors from the company, threatening to terminate the contract if demands are not met. An ethical issue has arisen in the area of
organizational relationships.
All of the following are related to setting up a compensation system EXCEPT
the company's compensation budget.
As the trait approach to leadership waned, two major dimensions of leader behavior emerged from new research: (1) how leaders get the job done and (2) how leaders treat their subordinates.
True
Delegation is the assignment of projects and authority to a subordinate.
True
Frederick Taylor believed in the principle of hedonism —that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
True
Organic organizations tend to be more ambiguous, make fast decisions, grow quickly, and have fewer clearly defined rules.
True
Power is always inherent in a relationship between two people and is based on one's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of some need or the other.
True
What is meant by job specialization?
The division of work into smaller, distinct tasks
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory stresses that leaders tend to develop strong positive attitudinal and emotional relationships to certain subordinates, who then become part of the leader's
"team" or in-group.
Also known as moral philosophies, what term describes sets of principles that describe what a person believes are the right way to behave?
Individual values
The principle that holds that an employment contract is a legal agreement between free agents in which the government should not interfere, and either party may break the contract at any time, for any reason, is called
employment-at-will.
Which of the following characteristics relates to job enrichment?
A behavioral approach in which jobs are designed to increase the number of similar tasks involved, especially tasks that require information processing and decision making
Which of the following characteristics relates to an organizational chart?
A graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization
Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?
A leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees
Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?
A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
What is path-goal theory?
A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment
Which of the following characteristics relates to a social audit?
A systematic examination of the objectives, strategies, organization, and performance of the social responsibility function
What is on-the-job training?
A technique in which the employee learns the job tasks while actually performing the job
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a maintenance factor?
Comfortable working conditions
A corporation that has diversified into a variety of unrelated businesses is known as a
Conglomerate
Which of the following characteristics relates to initiating-structure behaviors?
Defining and structuring leader-employee roles through activities such as scheduling, defining work tasks, setting deadlines, criticizing poor work, getting employees to accept work standards, and resolving problems
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
Equity theory
Which of the following refers to an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person or organization to choose among several actions that may be evaluated as ethical or unethical?
Ethical issue
Which of the following refers to a comprehensive evaluation of a firm's ethics and compliance program and its ethical decisions used to determine whether the program is effective?
Ethics audit
What name is given to weakening an undesired behavior by not providing positive consequences?
Extinction
A compressed work week allows a company to take advantage of the skills of two people in performing the job.
False
A recent trend in motivation has been to empower employees by giving them higher pay and bonuses.
False
The greater a person's exposure to unethical behavior, the less likely it is that he or she will act unethically.
False
What is meant by deontology?
Focuses on human rights and values and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior
What term describes the arrangement of positions, as shown on an organizational chart, that dictates where work activities are completed, where decisions should be made, and the flow of information?
Formal organization
What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?
Goal-setting theory
Which of the following supervisor qualities supports motivation?
Honesty & fairness
What term describes a combination of several different structures and the most common form of organizational structure?
Hybrid structure
Which of the following is one of the four major types of leadership behaviors recognized in path-goal theory?
Participative leadership
Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order, starting with the most basic?
Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization
What is business ethics?
Principles, values, and codes of conduct that define acceptable behavior in business
Which of the following refers to a set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform?
Process theories
An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called
Self-efficancy
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
Social learning theory
What are mechanistic organizations?
Structures that are highly formal, complex, and centralized
______ has become a leading issue in the 21st century as both business and the public acknowledge the damage done to the environment by past generations.
Sustainability
Which one of the following activities or behaviors is characteristic of a charismatic leader?
Takes great personal risks and engages in unconventional behavior to achieve change
To find out if applicants have the specific KSAs during the selection process, many organizations use
Tests
The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to
The Hawthorne studies
What is vertical coordination?
The integration of succeeding levels of the organization
Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?
Transactional leadership
According to Fiedler's contingency theory, if a leader's style does not match the situation, then either the situation should be changed or another leader should be found who does match the situation.
True
According to Oldham and Hackman, growth-need strength is the extent to which an employee desires a job that provides personal challenges, a sense of accomplishment, and personal growth.
True
In management, decisions often require weighing monetary profit or personal interests against what the individual, work group, or organization considers honest and fair.
True
Job analysis is the first step in identifying the training needs of new employees or employees who are changing positions.
True
One of the strong arguments in favor of asking businesses to be socially responsible is that since they have created many social problems, they should also help solve them.
True
Paternalistic management raises a high level of concern for people to reward for compliance, or punish for rejection.
True
The University of Michigan studies identified two dimensions of leadership behavior: task-oriented behaviors and relationship-oriented behaviors.
True
The biggest takeaway of the situational leadership theory is that management styles depend on the situation of where employees are at in their development.
True
The path-goal theory of leadership states that two categories of situational factors determine appropriate leadership behaviors: (1) employees' personal characteristics and (2) environmental pressures and demands on employees.
True
When workers are laid off, their motivational focus shifts from fulfilling higher-level needs to lower-level needs.
True
Which of the following best describes when a managerial decision becomes an ethical issue?
When accepted rules no longer apply, and the person must use his or her own moral standards
The University of Michigan studies of leadership effectiveness found that the most effective leaders
employ both task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.
When a performance evaluation is based on favoritism and political opportunity, rather than on merit, an ethical issue has arisen in the area of
employee relations.
Questions used in wage and salary surveys usually ask about all of the following EXCEPT
employee traits.
Because of the subjective and comparative nature of the variables involved in equity theory, a person will feel
equitably compensated, overcompensated, or undercompensated.
All of the following are basic types of reinforcement EXCEPT
expectancy Extinction, punishment, positive reinforcement are types of reinforcements
Ethical considerations exist in relatively few management decisions.
false
Horizontal coordination is the integration of succeeding levels of organization.
false
Resistance to the use of power is most likely to occur with the personal power sources and least likely to occur when coercion is used.
false
Managers tend to be more concerned about ethical issues that
have immediate consequences.
In summarizing the trait and early behavioral approaches to leadership, it can be said that
neither approach addressed contingency factors that are very important in leadership.
Flextime allows for all of the following EXCEPT
reducing the total number of hours that employees work.
According to social learning theory, all of the following are steps that must occur during the modeling process EXCEPT
reinforcement. Attention, retention, and motivation must occur
In Fiedler's leadership contingency theory, the basic concept is that successful leadership requires matching leaders with stable leadership styles to
the demands of the situation.