MGT3100 Test 2 Chapter 12

As a maintenance person for the Air Force, Craig services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and their ability to conduct missions. Craig's job has a high level of: autonomy. task identity. skill variety. task significance. context satisfactions

task significance

A manager should reward only desirable behavior, and should do so as soon as possible after the behavior appears. t/f

true

Having a best friend at work is one factor that is characteristic of the best workplaces. t/f

true

In expectancy theory, a person's expectancy is her belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance. t/f

true

The process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation is called: job enlargement. job design. job development. job rotation. job enrichment.

job enlargement

The marketing department at State College was nearly $8,000 under budget last year due to a variety of cost-cutting measures. This year 50% of the savings were returned to the department to spend as desired, as a form of: pay for performance. pay for knowledge. bonus. profit sharing. gainsharing

Gainsharing

Which of the following is a need-based perspective on motivation? Expectancy theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Job characteristics model Goal-setting theory Equity theory

Herzberg's two factor theory

The extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them is called: horizontal loading. skill variety. task identity. task significance. autonomy

autonomy

When using punishment, a manager should: ignore undesirable behaviors. save reprimands until the end of the workday, or preferably before a weekend. do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement. make sure that other employees witness the punishment. punish even minor infractions, to appear consistent.

do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement

Brady went to his boss Lynn to complain that he got the same bonus this quarter as everyone else, despite the longer hours he's been putting in and his higher level of experience and efficiency. If Lynn can't change the bonuses, she should: tell Brady "That's just the way bonuses are given." suggest that Brady take this up with her boss. expect that Brady will reduce his hours. start documenting Brady's complaints for future disciplinary action. expect that Brady's performance will improve.

expect that brady will reduce his hours

The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is: goal-setting theory. expectancy theory. reinforcement theory. equity theory. two-factor theory.

expectancy theory

It has been seven quarters since any employee has received a bonus at R & G Mills, so now the possibility of getting one does not seem to be motivating the workers any longer. In this case, management has inadvertently applied: expectancy. negative reinforcement. extinction. intrinsic motivation. punishment

extinction

According to Maslow's theory, friendship and affection are esteem needs. t/f

false

According to equity theory, increasing their inputs is one way that employees deal with perceptions of inequity. t/f

false

Emilio's sales manager just told his group about this year's contest, the winner of which will take a lavish trip to France. Emilio does not like to travel to places where he can't speak the language, so he is not very enthusiastic. Here, Emilio's instrumentality is low. t/f

false

In McClelland's acquired needs theory, the desire to excel at challenging tasks is part of the need for power. t/f

false

Inputs, outputs, and comparisons are the essential elements in goal-setting theory. t/f

false

Job enrichment consists of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. t/f

false

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior alteration. t/f

false

When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should: set targets that are just out of employees' reach. help workers understand and accept the goals. set general goals that are emotionally appealing. hold employees responsible for getting their own feedback. set goals that are easily achievable.

help workers understand and accept the goals

Anne has excelled as a consultant for a large financial institution. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Anne likely has a: low need for affiliation. low need for power. low need for achievement. high need for affiliation. high need for achievement

high need for affiliation

McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to: Herzberg's hygiene factors. Maslow's esteem needs. extrinsic rewards. Alderfer's relatedness needs. Maslow's self-actualization needs.

maslow's self-actualization needs.

According to the job characteristics model, the core job characteristics of skill variety, task identity, and task significance combine to affect: knowledge of results. meaningfulness of work. autonomy of work. responsibility for results. feedback from others.

meaningfulness of work

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs. motivating self-actualization growth hygiene achievement

motivating

The process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative is called: positive reinforcement. negative reinforcement. extinction. intrinsic motivation. punishment

negative reinforcement

The use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior is called: constructive feedback extinction intrinsic motivation positive reinforcement valence

positive reinforcement

Theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act are called: needs-based perspectives. reinforcement perspectives. job design perspectives. cognitive perspectives. process perspectives

process perspectives

A simple model of motivation does not include which of the following? Unfulfilled need Behaviors Reactions Motivation Rewards

reactions

According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? Responsibility Advancement The work itself Relationships Recognition

relationships

Which of the following is not an advisable criterion for an effective incentive plan? The rewards are believable. The rewards are linked to performance. The rewards satisfy individual needs. The rewards require rarely attainable performance. The rewards are agreed on by the manager and employees.

rewards require rarely attainable performance

After a series of bus accidents, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a driver, Inland Shuttle drivers received additional training and buses were retrofitted with new braking systems. This helps to satisfy which of Maslow's needs? Self-actualization Esteem Love Safety Physiological

safety

According to goal-setting theory, which of the following is necessary for goals to create high motivation and performance? Setting general goals that will work for multiple employees. Predetermining acceptable rewards for meeting goals. Setting goals that fulfill self-actualization needs. Reinforcing of desired behaviors. Setting goals linked to an action plan

setting goals linked to an action plan

When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to: pass up promotional opportunities. show improved safety practices. be a whistleblower. support organizational change. seek additional education

support organizational change

Janice has been difficult for some of her teammates to work with. According to equity theory, if she were to receive a raise so as to be compensated similarly to her peers, she would be more likely to cooperate in a group setting. t/f

true

Job design involves the division of an organization's work among its employees and the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. t/f

true

Job enrichment requires some vertical loading rather than just horizontal loading. t/f

true

Managers use motivation to get talented people to come work for them. t/f

true

Stock options allow certain employees to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price. t/f

true

Though research does not clearly support Maslow's theory, it reminds managers that employees have needs beyond earning a paycheck. t/f

true

Chad was interviewing for jobs, and the HR manager at one firm told him that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here, Chad is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory. valence instrumentality outcomes expectancy significance

valence