MGT312 Chapter 6 Terms & Learn Smart

Negative Feedback should be administered carefully to:

-Avoid damaging self-efficacy -Avoid creating defensiveness

Timeliness

Calls were answered within a certain time frame

Financial Metrics

Cost of waste was reduced by 10$

Trust the person delivering the feedback to be honest is

Credibility of the source

Based on research from McKinsey Consulting, which of the following can be equally effective as monetary rewards?

Praise from immediate managers Attention from leadership Opportunities to lead projects or task forces

total rewards offered by an organization may include

compensation - monetary Health & wellness Work-life Effectiveness Recognition Talent Development

If a target behavior is rewarded every time it occurs, the it is a(n):

continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Rewards that come from the environment are

extrinsic

rewards that come from the environment are _____.

extrinsic

involving employees in the design, selection, and assessment of reward system increases perception that the rewards are _____ and valuable.

fair

Thorndike's observations that led to the law of effect were that behavior with _____ consequences tend to be repeated

favorable

objective goals

increase sales by 10%

Reinforcement of some, but not all instances of a target behavior is __________ Reinforcement

intermittent

Positive reinforcement

is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing

which of the following are aspects of a learning goal?

learning new knowledge adding to a skill set

Jamie is on time for work every day now because her manager yelled at her when she was late. Now that she is on time, her manager doesn't yell at her. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

the three common sources of feedback include self, tasks and _____.

others

Incentive or variable pay is also called ____________ for ____________-

pay for performance

Some examples of extrinsic rewards include

promotion pay raise

It is important for manager to know the types of rewards their employees prefer in order to:

provide rewards that will motivate them

Some examples of intrinsic rewards include

providing donations to a food cupboard

recency

rating an employee low for the year based on one late report at the end of the years

The ________ schedules that produce the strongest behavior and are most resistant to extinction are variable interval and the other is variable ratio.

reinforcement

A desired outcome of the ___________ system is to retain talented people

reward

key components such as types of rewards, distribution criteria, and desired outcome are part of an organization

reward system

which of the following are found in performance management?

-a defining of performance -an evaluation of performance -a monitoring of performance

behavioral goals

-communicate progress clearly to others in my work group -listen to others during meetings without interrupting

total rewards offered by an organization may include:

-compensation such as base pay and other monetary incentives -personal growth opportunities such as training -benefits such as health and wellness and retirement funds

Commitment to goals can be promoted by

1. Breaking them down into smaller or intermediate goals 2. Imagining how you will feel when you achieve them

Rank the steps in a performance management system with the first step on top and the last on the bottom

1. Define performance 2. Monitor performance 3. Review performance 4. Give consequences

SMART goals are those that include which of the following characteristics?

1. Specific 2. Time bound 3. Results oriented

Quantity

10 more customers were served

Measure the right things in the right way is

Accuracy

Fixed Interval

Example: Paychecks (every two weeks or once a month); annual bonuses; probationary periods Advantages: Clear and predictable link between the behavior and reinforcer; less costly than fixed ratio Disadvantages: Inconsistent effort and performance over the interval (majority of effort/performance occurs near reinforcer)

Fixed Ration

Example: Piece-rate pay; bonuses tied to the sale of a fixed number of units Advantages: Clear and predictable link between the behavior and the reinforcer Disadvantages: Costly to monitor performance and administer reinforcers (like money); reinforcers lose effect over time

When managing others, it is important to know whether a person prefers __________ or _________ rewards

Extrinsic Intrinsic

"information about performance given to those who can make the situation better is the definition of

Feedback

Four Subcategories of Intermittent Reinforcement

Fixed-ratio schedule, variable-ratio schedule, fixed-interval schedule, variable-interval schedule

Leniency

Rating an employee high across all dimensions regardless of actual performance

Nobody has ever reached the goal and received the bonus is

Reasonableness of the goals

Skinner concluded that behavior is

Respondent and operant

Variable Interval

Example: Random supervisor "pats on the back"; spot rewards; random audits (financial); random drug tests of athletes and employees; pop quizzes Advantages: Consistent and strong motivation to perform over time; least costly schedule due to relatively little monitoring and administration Disadvantages: Some desired behaviors will not be reinforced; potentially long periods between reinforcers (payouts)

Only family members receive pay raises is

Fairness of the system

Central tendency

Rating an employee average on all dimensions

List the four steps in the goal-setting process with the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom

Set goals Promote goal commitment Provide support and feedback Create action plans

Quality

There were no defective products returned

Results, behaviors, actions, and nonperformance factors such as equity are examples of:

distribution criteria for rewards

project goals

finish the productivity reports for the end of the year group summary

Examples of pay for performance rewards include:

merit pay bonuses profit sharing

the monetary incentives that link a portion of pay directly to results or accomplishments is:

pay for performance

A process that defines expectations, evaluates performance against the expectations, and consequences is

performance management

Rewarding employees who have perfect attendance records with a check for $100.00 is an example of:

positive reinforcement

halo

rating an employee high across all dimensions because they are very likable

Variable Ratio

Example: Slot machines that pay after a variable number of pulls; lotteries that pay after a variable number of tickets sold Advantages: Strong motivation to continue until reinforcer is received; less costly than fixed ratio Disadvantages: Some desired behaviors will not be rewarded; potentially long periods between reinforcers (such as payouts)

The general criteria for distributing rewards in organizations include:

Tangible outcomes of performance such as sales or profits; behaviors such as teamwork or cooperation; nonperformance factors such as equity

The process of weakening an undesired behavior by the contingent presentation of something displeasing or he withdrawal of something positive is:

punishment

Monitoring performance involves

tracking the achievement of the goal measuring the progress toward the goals

intermittent reinforcement

consists of reinforcement of some but not all instances of a target behavior.