Michigan State University HST 320 Midterm

Julia Wheelock

"Michigan's Florence Nightingale" took care of injured and dying soldiers in D.C. during the Civil War. Baked pies for soldiers. Brother was wounded in war, went to Washington to look for him. He died, but she stayed as nurse.

One-Man Drill

"The Widow Maker" Drill used in mining. Killed many miners. Men worked alone so safety and security was lower. 150 lb drill. Cause of strike in 1914.

Jonathan Snyder

36 years old when he became president at MAC (1896-1915) Student enrollment quadrupled to 1000, teaching staff expanded fivefold, Morrill Hall and Agriculture Hal built. Incoming students needed a high school diploma-not just a 8th grade diploma. State funding increasing from 16k to 500k. Invited Theodore Roosevelt to speak at commencements in May 1907.

Erastus Hussey

Active member of Underground Railroad within a year of moving to MI in 1824. The Quaker Husseys published an abolitionist newspaper called the Michigan Liberty Press. Hussey won a MI senate seat in 1854 on the Free Soil Party Ticket. Said that underground railroad conductors worked for humanity. Protected over 1000 slaves.

Jesuit Relations

Annual reports that were sent home to France by the Jesuit Missionaries. Helped fund jesuit campaigns. Jesuits came from France to christianize the Native Americans. Got along better with the NA than British. Medicine men hated jesuits. Brought diseases that killed indians. Jesuits often aggresive.

Boom Companies

At the mouth of the river. Boomer would look for the company's logs based on log marks, and sort them into pens called "booms"

River Hogs

Best paid and most dangerous job. Rode the logs in the rivers down to the sawmills. Wore boots with spikes on them and carried a peavey stick used to move the logs. Lived on Wanigans.

Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794

Between Miami Confederacy and US Army. Victory for Wayne. Defeats Indians and puts British in awkward position. Ended war for control of region between Indians and U.S. British forces refused to shelter Indians, forcing them to attain peace settlement with US. No British. Wayne wins fight in 1 hour. Named that way because tornado knocked over trees here. Wayne doesn't attack fort. Goes to ft. Wayne.

William Hull

Born in Connecticut. First Michigan territorial governor. Officer during American Revolution. Surrenders Detroit and is called a coward. Is put on trial. Served as officer during American Rev and saw lots of action, receiving recognition from General Washington. Appointed as Michigan territorial governor in 1805.

Isaac Crary

Born in Connecticut. Moved to Marshall, MI in 1833. U of M Regent. Served 3 term in congress. Speaker of the MI house of reps. Democrat. Helped create education plan with John Pierce. Gets credit for setting up education system.

Samuel de Champlain

Born in France. Came in North America in 1603. Made 29 crossings of the Atlantic. Founded Quebec in 1608. Navigator and Cartographer. Explores Georgian Bay in 1615. Dies 1635.

Father Jacques Marquette

Born in France. Came to "New France" at age of 29. Best recognized French missionary. First came to Sault Ste Marie and eventually went to Mackinac Island. Founded Michigan's first European Settlement at Sault Ste. Marie, later founded St. Ignace. Was said to be French with the French and Indian with the Indians. Along with Louis Jolliet, was one of the first non-native Americans to see and map the Northern Portion of Mississippi River

Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

Born in France. Got orders from France to open outpost to create unity with Indians. Very unpopular, but succeeded in improving the colony and its leadership while serving as its governor. Founded Detroit (Fort Ponchartrain) July 24, 1701. Joined French army and commanded Fort de Baude (1694-97)

Robert LaSalle

Born in France. Trained as Jesuit. Comes to New France in 1666. Explores Ohio River Valley. Builds the Griffon (first sailing vessel on Great Lakes). Builds Fort Miami (St. Joseph) Walks across lower peninsula. Claimed Mississippi basin for France

George Rogers Clark

Born in Virginia. Little brother is "Lewis and Clark" Clark. Very afraid he would come to Detroit and fight but he never did. Led small Patriot force that captured British-controlled Fort Vincennes in OHio Valley in 1779. Secured Vincennes during Winter when most of Henry Hamiltons men are gone. Success in the American REvolution aided the development of USA after the Revolution

Henry Bibb

Born into slavery in Kentucky. escaping slavery several times, before arriving in Detroit in January 1842. Accomplishments: Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb. An American slave. Written by himself in 1850. The Voice of the Fugitive (1851) and the Refugee Home Society (windsor)

Voyageurs

Canoe-men known for physical strength. Paddled 15-18 hours a day. Carried furs for trade. Dressed colorfully. Many were french-canadian. Suffered from mosquitoes, sun, rain, etc. Told exaggerated stories. Greased every meal. Ate rubbaboo.

Evelyn Adams

Civil War nurse. Worked for Dept of Agriculture. Co-editor of MI Farmer. One of earliest Women in federal government. Wrote column about MI soldiers in War.

Henry Gladwin

English born. Career British soldier who survived General Braddock's disaster. In Detroit at the time of the rebellion. Ready and competent officer. commander of Fort at Detroit (Only fort not to fall at the time) during Pontiac's rebellion. Learns of Pontiac's plan from Indian lover and thwarts it.

Douglas Houghton

Explored the Keweenaw peninsula with Schoolcraft. "Father of Copper Mining in America" First State Geologist in 1837 Known as the Little Doctor Died off Eagle River in 1845. First copper mining in US occurs in MI. Came to MI to serve as lecturer for men in Detroit so they "didnt cut their throats during the long winter season"

Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862

Federal land grants to states with agricultural schools. Designed to give states with agricultural schools federal land to sell for revenue. MSU piooner land grant school. State got 250,000 acres of land to provide stability for MSU. Named after Justin Morril of Vermont. MSU named Morrill Hall after him (now gone)

Joseph R. Williams

First president of Michigan Agricultural College and "director of the farm". Massachusetts born, lawyer and Republican from Constantine, MI

John Pierce

First state superintendent. Wanted free schools so the poor could be educated too. Men could go to college, women could not. Gets credit for implementing the school sections. (worked with Isaac Crary) Gets credit for implementing education. Set up primary schools in each township. And set up U of M

Augustus Woodward

Friend of Jefferson. In Michigan 1805-1824. Help rebuild Detroit after fire. Good lawyer in D.C. Planned the street plan (circuses) for Detroit but it never happened. Goal to set up New Detroit. Said he named Woodward Ave because it went "towards the woods"

Alpheus S. Williams

From Detroit. Union General in the Civil War. Not a Westpointe grad. Democrat. Served in the more difficult positions and commanded more soliders "Best" MI General. Wrote letters that were published. General at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Atlanta, March to the Sea, The Carolinas, Bentonville.

John Jacob Astor

German immigrant and butcher. Started the American Fur Company before War of 1812. Resembles a Modern Corporation (HQ on Mackinac Island) America's first millionaire- from real estate (land from soldiers after the war), not fur. Drove out or bought out competition. Had a great relationship with Lewis Cass

Kansas- Nebraska Act 1854

Gets rid of "Free Kansas and Nebraska" slavery allowed. Outrages the north. Is govt. being run by a minority south? Created territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820, allowed settlers in those territories to determine if slavery was legal. Move US closer to becoming all slave nation. Idea of Stephen Douglass.

Battle of the River Raisin 1813

In Frenchtown. James Winchester goes against orders from William Henry Harrison. Winchester kicks out few British but fails to set up the army. Next day British come back. Winchester is captured and surrenders his troops. Days later Indians come back and murder 60/80 wounded, unarmed Americans. Biggest MI battle. Biggest battle ever fought on MI soil. Our poor version of "Remember the Alamo"

Justin Morrill

Inaugural holder of Chairman of the House Republican Conference. Representative and Senator of Vermont. Responsible for the Morrill Land Grant Act in 1862, which provided Federal land grants to states with agricultural schools.

James Strang

King of Beaver Island. Converts to mormon from atheism and takes over after mormon leader dies. All his followers moved to Beaver Island. Tried controlling women and used their husbands to control them. 2 men rebelled and attacked Strang who later died due to the injures. Leader of Strang-ites

Pageant of the Sault 1671

King wants to impress Indians and establish French areas. Sung French songs. Make sure Indians stay in "French Canada" "to extend God's glory and to promote the king of France", French are worried that the English are coming down from the Hudson River Held due to British occupation of Hudson Bay Wanted to impress and intimidate 4 Jesuit Priests claim the Great Lakes for France Against Native Americans

Shanty Boys

Loggers. Many were immigrants or farmers looking for more money in the off season during winter. Snow made moving logs easier.

Log Marks

Logging Companies would mark their logs so they knew what belonged to them. Marks had to be registered with the govt. People would cut off log marks to steal others logs

Lewis Cass

Longest governor of MI- 18 years (1813). Wrote letter to President calling Hull a coward. First MI presidential candidate 1848 (only 19th century MI presidential candidate)- democrat. Evolved doctrine of popular sovereignty. Argued slavery should be left to the people to vote on. Appointed governor of Michigan Territory July 1813. Prepares MI to enter union. Meeting George Washington made him want to serve country. U.S. secretary of war ambassador to France, Us Senator and US secretary of state.

Theophilus Abbot

MAC president 1862-1855.(Hired better faculty Manly Miles (Greatest teacher of practical agriculture of his time) Albert J Cook (economic entomologist) (William Beal (botanist) Robert Kedzie (pioneer of practical chemsitry))

John Hannah

MSU President from 1941-1969. Put MSU on the map. Built buildings upon buildings here. Enrollment (especially post-WWII GIs) Expanded international programs. Joined the Big Ten Conference (1949) Gained University status in 1955.

Zachariah Chandler

Mayor of Detroit 1851-52 One of the founders of the Republic party on July 6, 1854 in Jackson Mi "Under the oaks". He was also a 4-term Senator for MI.

Battle of Lake Erie 1813

Most importnt Naval Battle in Great Lakes. Led to shift of naval power in Great Lakes. Oliver Hazard Perry leads fleet out to Niagra to fight British Fleet. 2 Large boats each (American and British), many little. First American boat is attacked and sunk. The British ships run into each other and the last American ship fires and sinks them. Victory allows for the liberation of Detroit. Allows them to win Battle of Thames to break the Indian confederation of Techumseh. -One of biggest naval battles of War of 1812

Cork Pine

Most valuable lumber during the lumber boom. Large and did not have many limbs which means no knots. White pine, best logging tree because it floats well on rivers. 300 years old, 200 ft tall, 5 ft diameter. Few remaining cork pine in Estevant Pines and Hartwick Pines.

Robert Rogers

Native of New Hampshire. Famous for leading the British (Rogers Rangers) who outwitted and outfought the French in the French and Indian War. Thrown in debtors prison, died in cheap London Hotel. Charged with Treason against British

Sojourner Truth

New York born slave. Isabella. Escaped and settled in Battle Creek. Left husband and children. Abolitionist and women's rights activist. Changed name to reflect her new mission of sojourning to tell the truth. Largest funeral in Battle Creek was her funeral.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Northwest territory would be carved into smaller territories eventually to become states. Laid out 3 state "statehood prep" program. No slavery! Consisted of area Ohio, Indiana, Illinous, Michigan, Wisco, and Minnesota. System set up where they would eventually get statehood. got Governor, secretary, 3 justices, once enough people in the land, can make legislature. 60000+ people = statehood (needed congresses approval)

Pontiac

Ottawa Indian chief. Lead a rebellion against British trying to capture Detroit. After days he had to retreat and give up. Killed by a rival indian tribe. Well followed, closely attached to French. Rebellion not all of his doing.

Iron Ore Pellets

Post WWII, native Iron Ore was running out. Low grade iron ore called taconite was crushed, made baby powder fine, and mixed with clay and water. This is an inexhaustible supply. First occurs in MI

Quebec Act 1774

Quebec has no assembly (govt). Royal govt. has power. Catholics are recognized which upsets protestants. Guaranteed French subjects their Catholic religion and permitted them to retain many of their old customs and institutions. Extended Province of Quebec to Mississippi and Ohio River. British Civil Law Recognized.

Personal Liberty Law of 1855

Response to Fugitive Slave Law. Said we could not obey slavery laws in Michigan. Michigan refuses to follow. Nullified Fugitive Slave Law. Provided ways to assist arrested Slaves.

John C. Holmes

Responsible for the establishment of the Michigan Agricultural College. Secretary of the Michigan Agricultural Society. Said we need a school to teach practical farming and agriculture, and they are not doing it in Ann Arbor.

Tecumseh

Shawnee born in Ohio. Tried to organize an Indian Confederacy to stop American advancement. Thought Indians were too dependent on Americans. Fought at Fallen Timbers and refused to sign Treaty of Greenville. Name means "I cross the way". Icon for Native Americans and a national hero in Canada. Argued not to sell land to Government. Felt there was no reason to be cooperative with whites.

Anthony Wayne

Successful in American revolution. Wayne county named after him. Doer not a thinker. Too emotional Reforms a demoralized US Army and defeats the British and their Indian Allies. Michigan's first county named after him. Avoided debtors prison by being elected to Congress. Led Americans to victory in Battle of Fallen Timbers

Stevens T. Mason

Territorial governor in 1834. Was fired by President Jackson during Toledo War. Was elected by the people of Michigan as governor. "Boy Governor" Appointed territorial Secretary at age 19 upon father's resignation appointed by Pres. Andrew Jackson

Underground Railroad

The route of roads and homes used to help slaves escape slavery. Went to the Northern United States or Canada (Brit ended slavery there in 1833). Underground station masters worked at night to hide people in their own house. Most were Kentucky Slave.

Chase Salmon Osborn

US Secretary of Treasury under Lincoln. Only UP Governor. 1 term Governor (chose this path). He was a progressive. Came up with the New Deal for MI. Gave his money away when he got old.

Copper County Strike 1913-14

Unsafe mine conditions so workers protested. Miners lost. One man drill stays. No unions (till the 30s). Western union is gone. But miners did make more money. Citizens alliance set up to subdue protestors, turn town against them. Made it hard for miners to buy food, go places, etc. National Guard brought in with Little Success

Winfield Scott Gerrish

Young logger in Claire County.. Brings idea of "narrow gauge railroad" back to MI. Now more logs could be taken out of woods. Created Lake Georgia and Muskegon Railroads. 6 MI long railraod from his land to Muskegon River. Allowed logging year round. Allowed all size timber to be taken. (Not the first time railroads were used for logging, however)

Sara Emma Edmonds

aka Frank Thompson. From Flint. Went off to war for 2 years. Dressed like a man to fight with Second MI except for when she was a union spy. Also a mail carrier/ nurse. Got typhoid and went home to prevent identity from being discovered. Only woman to join men's veteran group and got a pension. Proceeds from book went to soldier relief.

William Austin Burt

discovered Iron ore when his compass fluctuated due to iron on Sept 19, 1844. Skilled surveyor Comes to MI in 1817. Settles in Macomb County. Made solar compass to people could work in mineral fields without compass fluctuating.

Pains and Penalties Act of 1835

illegal of any non-Michiganian to exercise official jurisdiction (Ohio Sherrif, Judge, etc.) in the Toledo Strip. Fine of $1,000 and 5 years in prison. Ohio responds by saying MI is out of line.

Annie Clemenc

lead protests in Calumet during the mining strike 1913-14. Planned Christmas Party at Calumet's Italian Hall which ended in tragedy. Would hoist American flag and march miles in protest.

Proclamation of 1763

maintain peace in the west, especially with Indians and cut costs. Colonists couldn't go west of line (past app mtns) Still need military prescence, want to cut military cost. Told Americans that they need to stay east of Appalacians. Only temporary line. Britain would control trade. Land west of App belonged to British. British put Acts out to pay for this (stamp act for example)