Micro 1-7

A ______ puts a client's response in a different light beyond what the client had previously considered. A) reframe B) ​double-sided reflection C) ​closed-ended response D) ​response shift

A) reframe

When situations such as a client's angry attacks put social workers on the spot, they should :​ ​A) respond by intertwining empathic and authentic responses. ​B) leave the room. C) assign another social worker to the client. D) argue with the client to prove that he or she is wrong.

A) respond by intertwining empathic and authentic responses

_____ invite expanded expression and leave a client free to express what seems most relevant and important to him or her. A) ​Convergent questions B) ​Open-ended questions C) ​Embedded questions D) ​Closed-ended questions

B) ​Open-ended questions

Members of some native American tribes regard eye-to-eye contact as a(n): A) ​violation of equality. B) ​intrusion on privacy. C) ​breach of trust. D) ​attack on credibility.

B) ​intrusion on privacy.

In the context of the system development roles of direct practitioners, policy developers:​ A) ​support for-profit businesses who lobby for legislation that is favorable for their companies. B) ​participate in policy development concerned with the needs of a broad community. C) actively participate in decision-making processes related to the needs of a circumscribed target group. D) secure resources and special privileges for their staff and organization.

B) ​participate in policy development concerned with the needs of a broad community.

When a social worker has reasons to believe a child has been abused, the social worker should: A) disclose the info to the child's teachers and friends B) explore the circumstances in the child's home to determine if they are generally positive C) report the suspicions to child protective services D) give the child's family a chance to improve their parenting practices

C) report the suspicions to child protective services

Discuss how physical conditions of a helping setting can communicate useful or harmful messages about the potential value of services to a client.

Interviews sometimes occur in offices or other settings over which the sw has some control. Interviews that take place in a client's home, of course, are more subject to the client's preferences. The physical climate in which an interview is conducted partly determines the attitudes, feelings and degree of cooperation and responsiveness of people during interviews. That environment should be constructed to feel supportive and to intimidating to potential clients. Indeed, some of the first conclusions clients draw about the values and competency of a setting are likely to reflect their first encounters w/staff over the phone or in person. If these potential clients are responded to promptly, courteously, and respectfully, this treatment may go a long way toward preparing for a successful interaction w/the sw. The following conditions are conducive to productive interviews: adequate ventilation and light, comfortable temp, ample space, attractive and clean furnishing and decor, chairs that support the back, privacy, freedom from distraction, open space b/t participants, interior decorations that are sensitive to diversity. Privacy is vital bc people are likely to be guarded in revealing personal info and expressing feelings if other people can see or hear them. Likewise, interviewers sometimes have difficulty in concentrating or expressing themselves when others can hear them. Settings vary in the extent to which sws can control these conditions. E.g., in some circumstances families may prefer to have trusted family members, friends or spiritual leaders present to consider resolution of some issues. In some settings, it may be impossible to ensure complete privacy. Even when interviewing a patient in a hospital bed, however, privacy can be maximized by closing doors, drawing curtains that separate beds, and requesting that nursing staff avoid non-essential interruptions. Privacy during home interviews may be even more difficult to arrange, but people will often take measures to reduce unnecessary intrusions or distractions if interviewers stress that privacy enhances the productivity of sessions. Sws in public social service settings often work in cubicle offices. To ensure privacy, they can conduct client interviews in special interview rooms. Bc interviews sometimes involve intense emotions by participants, freedom from distraction is a critical requirement. Phone calls, text, knocks on the door, and external noises can impair concentration and disrupt important dialogue. Forever, clients are unlikely to feel important and valued is sws permit avoidable intrusions. Other sources of distraction incl crying, attention seeking and restless behavior of clients' children. Bc small children cannot be expected to sit quietly for long periods of time, the sw should encourage the client to make childcare arrangements. If arrangements are not able to be made, sws and agencies maintain a supply of toys for such occasions. Having a desk b/t the interviewers an client emphasizes authority of the sw. For some cultural groups, this may be useful in indicating a formal, professional, appropriate position; for other cultures, it can be seen as a barrier that is not conducive to open communication. In most circumstances, however, sws strive to foster a sense of equality. Hence, they arrange their desks to that they can rotate their to a position where there is open space b/t them and their clients; other prefer to leave their desks entirely and use other chairs in the room when interviewing.

Persuasion is considered to be an ethical intervention when a client: A) ​attempts to avoid consequences. B) ​questions a social worker's professional knowledge and expertise. C) ​solicits advice in early phases of the helping process. D) ​contemplates actions that run contrary to his or her own goals.

D) ​contemplates actions that run contrary to his or her own goals

A facet of summarization is: A) ​eliciting limited information from the client. B) ​exploring topical areas in depth. C) ​using incongruent responses to improve client satisfaction. D) ​highlighting key aspects of discussions.

D) ​highlighting key aspects of discussions.

In the context of direct practice, which of the following is a system maintenance and enhancement role of social workers?​ A) The role of a team member B) The role of program developer C) The role of case manager D) The role of broker

A) The role of a team member

Which of the following is true of direct social workers? A) They employ similar intervention strategies for all clients B) They employ interviewing as the primary vehicle of influence C) They use the universal human behavior theory to solve clients' problems D) They use one standard model of practice to deal w/all clients

B) They employ interviewing as the primary vehicle of influence

While communicating with a client, a social worker tells, "You know, I think that it is great that, you know, you came to the session, you know, on time." This statement by the social worker is an example of: A) ​interrupting inappropriately. B) ​repeatedly using sarcasm. C) ​providing positive feedback. D) ​overusing superfluous phrases.

D) ​overusing superfluous phrases.

Here-and-now experiencing that involves a client's emotions toward the social worker is known as _____. A) ​quantitative evaluation B) ​interactional behavior C) ​self-expression D) ​relational immediacy

D) ​relational immediacy

Which of the following is a guideline that assists social workers in prioritizing choices in the face of ethical dilemmas?​ A) An individual's basic right to well-being takes precedence over another person's right to privacy, freedom, or self-determination. B) ​An individual's right to confidentiality takes priority over the right to life, health, and well-being. C) A person's rights to well-being do not override laws, policies, and arrangements of organizations. D) ​A person's right to basic well-being takes precedence over his or her right to self-determination.

A) An individual's basic right to well-being takes precedence over another person's right to privacy, freedom, or self-determination.

_____ is defined as the overriding of a person's wishes through coercion, deception or nondisclosure of information, or for the welfare of others. A) Autonomy B) Paternalism C) Countertransference D) Relativism

A) Autonomy

Which of the following was the predominant social work method prior to 1970?​ A) Casework B) Group work C) Clinical practice D) Direct practice

A) Casework

A client complains to her social worker that he has not offered the services that he was scheduled to provide. The client says, "If I don't receive the services soon, I am going to talk to your supervisor." The social worker in agitation replies, "Do that, and I will no longer try to help you." This scenario illustrates that the social worker is: A) ​counterattacking. B) ​judging. C) ​trying to convince the client. D) ​using humor inappropriately.

A) ​counterattacking.

Which of the following statements is true of informed consent?​ A) Once clients give consent, they surrender the right to revoke it later.​ B) Clients should be informed when services are provided by a social work student. C) ​Professionals should not inform clients of limits to services they can provide. D) ​Informed consent should not be an active part of the helping process.

B) Clients should be informed when services are provided by a social work student.

Pursuing content that is only tangentially related to client concerns, issues of client and family safety, or legal mandates: A) ​justifies the rationale for the social worker's exploration of the topic. B) ​is a counterproductive interviewing strategy. C) ​dominates the interaction with the client. D) ​makes it impossible to shift the focus to the present experiences of the client.

B) ​is a counterproductive interviewing strategy.

A social worker tells a client, "You do not really think that by dropping out of school you are going to get a great job and make a lot of money?" This statement by the social worker exemplifies that he or she is asking a(n): A) ​open-ended question. B) ​leading question. C) ​scaling question. D) stacked question.

B) ​leading question.

_____ is a process whereby an expert enables a social worker to deliver services more effectively to a client by increasing, developing, modifying, or freeing the worker's knowledge, skills, attitudes, or behavior with respect to the problem at hand.​ A) Mediation B) Supervision C) Consultation D) Coordination

C) Consultation

Which of the following is true of involuntary clients?​ A) ​During the initial session, involuntary clients perceive social workers as allies and often feel close to them. B) ​In the case of involuntary clients, if agreement is not reached about the appropriateness of services, the social work contact is immediately discontinued. C) Contracting with involuntary clients contains a layer of legally mandated problems or concerns in addition to the clients' expressed wishes. D) ​Involuntary clients usually face situations in which all of the concerns are their own.

C) Contracting with involuntary clients contains a layer of legally mandated problems or concerns in addition to the clients' expressed wishes.

What are complex reflections? Describe at least one situation in which a social worker might use a complex reflection

Complex reflections go beyond what the client has directly stated or implied, adding substantial meaning or emphasis to convey a more complex picture. These reflections may add content that focuses on meanings or feelings that the client did not directly express. For example, when a teenage client said, "my mother really expects a lot from me," a sw made a response that added implied content by saying, "she has high expectations for you; she thinks you have a lot of ability." Verbalizing an unspoken emotion is a form of reflection that names an emotion that the client has implied but not stated.

_____ often exceed the level of feelings and meanings expressed by clients during early sessions and are thus reserved, in large part, for later phases of the helping process.​ A) Reciprocal empathic responses B) Authentic responses C) Sympathetic responses D) Additive emphatic responses

D) Additive emphatic responses

Which of the following skills is essential for creating facilitative conditions?​ A) ​Rigidity B) ​Possessive warmth C) ​Conditional positive regard D) Empathy

D) Empathy

A client is likely to discredit the message communicated by the social worker if: A) ​there is moment-to-moment contact between the client and the social worker. B) ​the social worker uses facilitative questions to attain detailed information about specific problem areas. C) ​the social worker uses empathic communication to produce a cathartic release of negative feelings. D) ​there is a discrepancy between the social worker's verbal and nonverbal communication.

D) ​there is a discrepancy between the social worker's verbal and nonverbal communication.

Skills in focusing are critical to a social worker because: A) ​they allow free expression. B) ​client privacy becomes easier to protect. C) ​they eliminate the need for the summarization stage. D) ​time with clients is limited.

D) ​time with clients is limited.

Which phase of the helping process consists of implementation and goal attainment?

II

Which phase of the helping process consists of evaluation and termination?

III

Briefly discuss how empathic responding should be employed by a social worker in early sessions with a client.

In early sessions, empathic responding should be used to establish rapport w/the client. Checking out the accuracy of responses w/appropriate lead-in phrases such as "let me see if I understand.." or "Did I hear you right" is helpful in communicating a desire to understand and a willingness to correct misperceptions. Empathic responses facilitate client's ability to express their emotions, clearing the way for the client to explore and to consider such feelings more tonally and objectively.

Briefly discuss the effects of a Level 0 response on a client.

Level 0: Lack of empathic responding; these kind of responses occur frequently in settings in which clients are involuntary, stigmatized or considered deviant. Such responses may provoke client anger but pose few consequences for the sw unless there are norms that clients must be treated respectfully in all circumstances. These responses do not convey empathy and may be completely anti-empathic. Level 0 responses can be actively judgmental and inappropriately confrontational. These responses may, in fact, make the circumstances worse and make it unlikely the client will consider the sw's opinion.

What is the purpose of reflection of content? Explain with an example.

Reflection of content emphasize the cognitive aspects of client msgs, such as situations, ideas, objects or persons. Reflecting a content msg in response to a client's thoughts does not mean that you agree w/ or condone those thoughts. E.g.: Senior client - I don't want to get into a living situation in which I will not be able to make choices on my own. SW - so independence is a very important issue for you.

How can a social worker demonstrate the value of respecting the individual's right to make independent decisions?

SWs respect the individual's right to make independent decisions and to participate actively in the helping process. People have a right to freedom as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others. Therefore, transactions w/people who are seeking and utilizing resources should enhance their independence and self-determination. Too often in the past, sws and other helping professionals focused on "deficit, disease and dysfunction". The attention currently devoted by sws to client empowerment and strengths means that sws assist clients in increasing their personal potential and political power such that clients can improve their life situation. Consistent w/this value, this book incorporates an empowerment and strength-oriented perspective for working w/clients.

Describe how stacking questions is a common verbal barrier to communication faced by beginning social workers.

Stacking questions is a problem frequently encountered by beginning social worker, who may feel an urgent need to help clients by providing many options all at one time. Adequately answering even one of the foregoing questions would require c client to give an extended response. rather than focus on one question, however, clients often respond superficially and nonspecifically to the social worker's multiple inquiries, omitting information in the process. Stacked questions thus have "low yield" and are unproductive and inefficient in gathering relevant information. If you asked stacked questions and the client hesitates in response, you can correct the problem by repeating your preferred question.

Describe a situation where a social worker's personal and professional values might be in conflict, and elaborate on the strategies to effectively resolve the dilemma.

Sws occasionally encounter situations in which they cannot conform to the profession's values or in which a client's behaviors or goals evoke such powerful reactions that a constructive helping relationship cannot be established. Practitioners who have personal experiences w/child abuse, for example, may find it difficult to accept an alleged abuser as a client. Sws who are intensely opposed to abortions may find it difficult to engage in objective problem solving w/a woman experiencing an unintended pregnancy. In such instances, it is important to acknowledge these reactions and to explore them thru supervision or therapy. It may be feasible to overcome these difficulties in order to be more fully available when helping a person. If this is not possible, however, or if the situation is exceptional, the sw and his or her supervisor should explore the possibility of transferring the case to another practitioner who can accept both the client and the goals.

Lisa, who is 4 months pregnant, has contacted a social worker several times at the community health clinic to plan for the future of her child. During her last visit, she confided that she is addicted to heroin. The social worker has expressed his or her concern that the drug may harm her unborn child, but she does not seem worried and does not want to give up use of the drug. The social worker also knows that she obtains money for heroin through prostitution and is living on the street. Explain how Lisa's unborn child's rights supersede Lisa's right to confidentiality.

The rights of others take precedence over the client's right to confidentiality in instances of child abuse or neglect. In all 50 states, professionals are mandatory reporters.

Why should social workers occasionally decline requests or set limits while contracting with clients?

To avoid the client taking advantage of them/the system; to make aspects of the professional relationship clear; to maintain a professional relationship; to maintain a clear understanding of what is and is not something the sw is willing to/allowed to participate in

According to the philosophy of direct practice, if clients' current problems are influenced by past relationships and concerns, they can be alleviated by:​ A) focusing on present choices B) focusing extensively on the past C) ignoring present external influences D) stressing past weaknesses

A) focusing on present choices

In the context of levels of practice, individuals, couples and families are served at the __. A) micro level B) mezzo level C) macro level D) mega level

A) micro level

Which of the following statements is true of the evolution of group work as a practice method?​ A) Group workers practiced in settlement houses and neighborhoods B) The units targeted by group workers were very small C) Group workers' objectives addressed broad social problems such as discrimination D) Group work as characterized by broadly defined remedial efforts

A) Group workers practiced in settlement houses and neighborhoods

___ refers to the creation of institutions that support the welfare of individuals and groups. A) Social justice B) Economic justice C) Distributive justice D) Procedural justice

A) Social justice

A lesbian client who is yet to come out in the open consults a social worker. She tells the social worker, "The other day, the women at my office were talking about lesbians and about how repulsive the very thought of lesbianism was to them. How do you think I felt?" Which of the following would be the most appropriate reciprocal response by the social worker?​ A) ​You must have felt extremely uncomfortable imagining that they would condemn you if they knew. B) Why should you let that bother you?​ C) How did you cope with it? D) Why, that's kind of an exaggeration. If you just work along with me, things will be better soon.

A) ​You must have felt extremely uncomfortable imagining that they would condemn you if they knew.

Double-sided reflections are used when: A) ​a client expresses indecision and conflict between several alternatives. B) a social worker puts the client's response in a different light beyond what the client had considered. C) ​a social worker needs to focus on meanings or feelings that the client did not directly express. D) ​a client expresses an emotion that the social worker needs to identify.

A) ​a client expresses indecision and conflict between several alternatives.

Sometimes a reframe might focus on amplification, which means: A) ​either strengthening or weakening the intensity of client expression. B) ​encouraging the client to verbalize. C) capturing both sides of a dilemma faced by a client. D) ​condoning a client's thoughts with a response.

A) ​either strengthening or weakening the intensity of client expression.

In the context of limits on confidentiality, the Tarasoff case involved a lawsuit in which:​ A) the parents of a plaintiff sed for a breach of confidentiality B) a clinician was sued for failure to warn a victim of potential danger C) a university was sued for refusing to cooperate w/the police in a case of murder D) a student sued a counseling office for disclosing his threats about harming his girlfriend

B) a clinician was sued for failure to warn a victim of potential danger

Asking a client "what are your views (or beliefs) about underage drinking?" is an example of: A) a question used to assess emotional reactions B) a question used to explore cognitive functioning C) a question used to interpret the underlying causation of the problem D) a question used to search for hidden agendas

B) a question used to explore cognitive functioning

In the context of applying the ecological systems model, the __ refers to those formal and informal resources and persons that the social worker needs to cooperate w/to accomplish a purpose. A) target system B) action system C) agency system D) closed system

B) action system

A social worker is counseling a woman who is dealing with the loss of her family. The services of the social worker in the given scenario fall under the category of:​ A) research services B) direct provision of services C) system linkage services D) system development services

B) direct provision of services

Which of the following statements is true of a single-subject research design?​ A) ​It prevents practitioners from obtaining measures of the extent of problem behaviors before implementing interventions. B) ​It prevents practitioners from implementing interventions aimed at decreasing the frequency of positive but insufficient behaviors. C) It provides a baseline against which the results of interventions to eliminate problem behaviors can be assessed. D) ​It enables practitioners to rate goal achievement on a scale with points assigned after rating is completed.

C) It provides a baseline against which the results of interventions to eliminate problem behaviors can be assessed.

In the context of system linkage roles, if a social worker works with and/or on behalf of clients to obtain services and resources that would not otherwise be provided, he or she is performing the role of _____.​ A) broker B) case manager C) client advocate D) coordinator

C) client advocate

Under which of the following scenarios is it inappropriate for a social worker to disclose case information?​ A) When seeking supervision B) When a signed release form is part of agency records C) When consulting w/friends about case strategies D) When a client presents a risk to himself or herself or someone else

D) When a client presents a risk to himself or herself or someone else

A ___ consists of a formal agreement or understanding between a social worker and a client that specifies the goals to be accomplished, relevant strategies to be implemented, roles and responsibilities of participants, practical arrangements, and other factors. A) writ B) subpoena C) mandate D) contract

D) contract

Which phase of the helping process consists of: exploration, engagement, assessment and planning?

I

Describe how a social worker can demonstrate the competency of engaging in practice-informed research and research-informed practice.

To fulfill this competency, sws use their practice experience to inform research, employ evidence-based interventions, evaluate their own practice, policy and social service delivery. This competency requires that sws be knowledgeable about quantitative and qualitative research, understand scientific and ethical approaches to building knowledgeable, and use their practice experience to inform scientific inquiry and use research evidence to inform their practice.

Briefly explain the cardinal values of social work as defined in the Code of Ethics developed by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW).

1) Access to resources: all humans beings deserve access to the resources they need to deal w/life's problems and to develop their full potential. The value of service is embodied in this principle in that sws are expected to elevate service to others above their own self interest. 2) Dignity and worth: the importance that sws place on the dignity and worth of their client is demonstrated thru respect for the inherent value of the persons w/whom they work and in efforts to examine prejudicial attitudes that may diminish their ability to embrace ea client's individuality. 3) Interpersonal relationships: sws view interpersonal relationships as essential for well-being and as "an important vehicle for change". The value places on human relationships affects the way sws relate to their clients and the efforts that sws make to improve the quality of the relationships in their clients' live. 4) Integrity: the value of integrity means the professional sws behave in a trustworthy manner. They treat their clients and colleagues in a fair and respectful fashion; they are honest and promote responsible and ethical practices in others. 5) Value of competence: the value of competence requires that sws practice only w/in their areas of ability and continually develop and enhance their professional expertise. As professionals, sws must take responsibility fr assuring that their competence is not diminished by personal problems, substance abuse or other difficulties. Similarly, they should take action to address incompetent, unethical, or impaired practice by other professionals.

Social workers are frequently questioned by the clients regarding their experience and marital status. What considerations should a social worker take into account before deciding to self-disclose in such situations?

1) If disclosing such info is pertinent or capable of helping the client 2) if agency policy allows for such disclosure

Discuss the three types of clients who require help from social workers.

1) Legally mandated client: receives services under the threat of a court order 2) Voluntary clients: they themselves apply for services 3) Nonvoluntary clients: potential clients who often experience nonlegal pressures from family, teachers, and referral sources

Social workers serve as consultants to members of other professions and to other social workers in need of their special expertise. List three examples where social workers act as consultants to other professionals.

1) They may provide consultation to school personnel who need assistance in understanding and citing w/problem students. 2) They may provide consultation to health care providers who seek assistance in understanding a patient's family or ethnic and cultural factors. 3) They may provide consultation to court staff regarding matters that bear on child custody decisions and decisions about parole and probation

In which of the following ways can a social worker demonstrate the value of individual worth and dignity? A) By engaging clients as partners B) By helping only those clients who do not have access to resources C) By helping make social institutions more humane D) By engaging w/only legal immigrants

A) By engaging clients as partners

Which of the following is one of the first steps in applying the ecological systems model? A) Determining the foci of interventions B) Surveying the broad spectrum available practice theories C) Implementing an intervention strategy D) Evaluating the outcome of intervention strategies

A) Determining the foci of interventions

Which of the following is an inappropriate behavior for a social worker?​ A) Discussing a case w/his or her spouse B) Refusing to discuss a case w/a worker from another agency w/o a signed release from the client C) Describing a case for supervision D) Transferring a case to another practitioner when he or she does not agree w/the c,eint's beliefs

A) Discussing a case w/his or her spouse

Identify the probable deeper feeling in the following statement by an African American client: "The system is against people like me. People think that we drink, beat our kids, lay up on welfare, and take drugs."​ A) Hopelessness​ B) Bitterness C) Anger D) ​Frustration

A) Hopelessness​

Which of the following responses would elicit clarification of information from a client? A) How have you concluded that you are depressed? B) How was your day at work? C) Did you talk to your new friend about a possible home visit? D) ​Did you skip school for three days?

A) How have you concluded that you are depressed?

Which of the following can be used by a social worker as an effective tool in the helping process and to diffuse conflict? A) Humor B) ​Criticism C) ​Jargon D) ​Parroting

A) Humor

Which of the following is one of the cardinal values of the social work profession? A) Integrity B) Transference C) Self-determination D) Self-esteem

A) Integrity

Which of the following statements is true of clinical practice in a managed care environment?​ A) It focuses on specific problems, strengths and resources B) It has a free and unstructured form C) It develops intangible objectives for ea session D) It focuses solely on following a family system model

A) It focuses on specific problems, strengths and resources

In a session with a social worker, a client who has had an abusive relationship with her husband discloses, "I am feeling sick and lonely today. I often miss my ex-husband when I am lonely. My sister usually helps me to get over him so I don't do anything stupid." The social worker responds, "So when you are sick and down like today, you have often coped by contacting your sister?" The social worker's reply in this scenario is an example of a _____ response.​ A) Level 3 B) Level 0 C) Level 2 D) Level 1

A) Level 3

In the context of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, which of the following is an important provision for social workers in case of minors? A) Parents can have access to personal health information and can make health care decision on behalf of their children.​ B) ​A health care provider has to disclose information to the parent of a minor if the provider believes the minor has been abused. C) Information given by minors is not protected from inquiries by parents and guardians in any setting. D) ​Emancipated minors do not have the same rights and responsibilities as adults when consenting to treatment.

A) Parents can have access to personal health information and can make health care decision on behalf of their children

Which of the following is true of social work assessments? A) They explore multiple concerns expressed by potential clients B) They only assess health and safety issues of clients C) They do not explore potential problems that emerge from the assessments D) They do not assess strengths and potential resources of clients

A) They explore multiple concerns expressed by potential clients

_____ refers to the dynamic when a client consciously or unconsciously associates the social worker with past experiences in such a way that perceptions and interactions with the social worker are affected.​ A) Transference B) Non-possessive warmth C) Competence D) Paternalistic beneficence

A) Transference

Confrontation is a technique that can be used to foster self-awareness. A) True B) False

A) True

In which of the following situations is "safe" social interaction advisable to be included as part of the helping process? A) When children or adolescents need help in lowering their defenses B) ​When a client resists a social worker's sarcastic and humor-filled conversation C) ​When a social worker is inexperienced and needs to manage his or her anxiety D) When it is conducive to delay reaching a solution to a problematic area

A) When children or adolescents need help in lowering their defenses

In the context of the cardinal values of social work, acceptance of a client is conveyed most strongly by:​ A) acknowledging the client's strength in seeking help B) attending to the client's comfort C) striving to understand the client's difficulties and strengths D) emphasizing the client's prior coping ability

A) acknowledging the client's strength in seeking help

According to the Pincus and Minahan (1973), a(n) ___ includes those persons who are requesting a change, sanction it, are expected to benefit from it, and contract to receive it. A) client system B) action system C) target system D) agency system

A) client system

According to the _____, ethics are fixed guidelines that should be applied universally. A) deontological perspective B) deterministic perspective C) relativist perspective D) paternalistic perspective

A) deontological perspective

In social work, "competence" of a social worker includes: A) developing his or her expertise B) looking over the social workers' shoulders to catch and correct mistakes C) continuously understanding clients' cultures and strengths D) accepting all cases referred once the social worker is licensed to provide service

A) developing his or her expertise

The fit between what a client is inspired to do and what a social worker attempts to provide is called: A) motivational congruence B) efficacy C) cognitive dissonance D) additive empathy

A) motivational congruence

In the context of social work, individuals who can negotiate a contract addressing some of their concerns are called:​ A) potential clients B) applicants C) respondents D) venture capitalists

A) potential clients

In the context of the purposes of social work, ___ involves the timely provision of services to vulnerable persons, promoting social functioning before problems develop. A) Prevention B) Restoration C) Remediation D) Intervention

A) prevention

Empirically based practice refers to: A) promoting models of practice based on scientific evidence B) abiding by the ethical decision-making model for ethical practice C) seeking single approaches to direct practice D) using ego psychology to guide social work interventions

A) promoting models of practice based on scientific evidence

In the context of assisting clients to help obtain needed resources, social workers act as case managers by: A) providing direct services and connecting their clients to diverse resources B) creating and organizing new resource systems C) enhancing access to resources D) promoting policies that enhance their clients' physical and social environments

A) providing direct services and connecting their clients to diverse resources

Ms. Genelia cries while telling you about the recent death of her mother, whom she describes as one of her strongest supporters. You respond, "I know exactly how you feel. My mother died two years ago. We had a similar relationship. I cried for two weeks after her death." This is an example of:​ A) sympathetic responding B) assertive responding C) a discrepant viewpoint D) compassion fatigue

A) sympathetic responding

To avoid parroting during a conversation, a social worker should: A) use fresh language that captures the essence of clients' messages and places them in sharper perspective. B) ​focus largely on the present because clients can change only their present circumstances, behaviors, and feelings. C) ​identify and prioritize key questions in advance with an outline. D) ​seek out information that confirms his or her understanding, preferences, or perceptions.

A) use fresh language that captures the essence of clients' messages and places them in sharper perspective.

In the course of a session with a social worker, if a client becomes pensive, or shows puzzlement through facial expressions, the social worker should:​ A) verbalize the feeling explicitly thru a reflective response B) wait for the client to verbalize the feelings C) ask the client if he or she wants to stop the session D) ignore the client's actions

A) verbalize the feeling explicitly thru a reflective response

Which of the following is the most appropriate response by a social worker when a client reports to the social worker that her children are whiny and disrespectful? A) ​Can you tell me what happened recently with them that led you to feel they were disrespectful or whiny? B) ​I really feel sorry for you. C) ​You must have done some harm to them that led them to be whiny and disrespectful to you. D) ​Children are sometimes like that

A) ​Can you tell me what happened recently with them that led you to feel they were disrespectful or whiny?

During early sessions with a client, which of the following self-disclosure statements by a social worker would be appropriate?​ A) ​I also enjoy reading mysteries. B) ​I am also contemplating a divorce. C) ​I see several people with this concern. D) ​I cannot agree with that viewpoint.

A) ​I also enjoy reading mysteries.

Which of the following strategies should social workers use for maintaining confidentiality in client recordings? A) ​Soundproof dictation facilities should be used. B) Clients should not be informed of the agency's authority to gather information. C) Process recordings must be included in case files. D) Unconfirmed reports by the client about a third party must be recorded.

A) ​Soundproof dictation facilities should be used.

An initial interview with Ms. Greta produces little information about the kind of help she is seeking. She rambles between topics and introduces new people, events, and topics without making any connection between them. The social worker needs to extract elements from Ms. Greta that are relevant to the session. In this scenario, which of the following is the best course of action for the social worker? A) ​The social worker should summarize and provide focus to avert aimless wandering. B) The social worker should allow her to tell her story and empathize with her. C) The social worker should ask closed-ended questions to interrupt the flow of information. D) ​The social worker should listen attentively for the emotional content of the message.

A) ​The social worker should summarize and provide focus to avert aimless wandering.

Usage of social work jargon, such as fixation, resistance, reinforcement, repression, passivity, and neuroticism, by a social worker to describe the behavior of clients in their presence is: A) ​destructive to the helping process. B) ​useful in convincing the clients. C) ​the most efficient way of consoling the client. D) ​the correct form of incorporating sarcasm while communicating.

A) ​destructive to the helping process.

Assuming a position of superiority and quickly providing solutions for problems without encouraging clients to think through the possible courses of action: A) ​fosters dependency and stifles creative thinking. B) ​serves to restore the comfort level of the clients. C) ​induces the clients to agree with a particular view. D) ​encourages the clients to reveal their troubling feelings.

A) ​fosters dependency and stifles creative thinking.

To minimize the pattern of interrupting inappropriately or excessively during a conversation with a client, a social worker should: A) ​identify and prioritize key questions in advance with an outline. B) ​induce the client to agree with a particular view that he or she deems to be in his or her best interests. C) ​help the client identify his or her feelings as a means toward increasing his or her self-awareness. D) diffuse the client's focus by discussing past events.

A) ​identify and prioritize key questions in advance with an outline.

While interacting with a client, the statement "Running away from home was a bad mistake" indicates that the social worker is: A) ​judging, criticizing, or placing blame on the client. B) ​advising or giving solutions prematurely. C) ​using sarcasm and humor inappropriately. D) ​sympathizing with the client.

A) ​judging, criticizing, or placing blame on the client.

A social worker asks a client, who has undergone a rehabilitation and counseling session, "Are you sure that you are ready to leave the treatment center?" This question by the social worker is an example of a: A) ​leading question. B) ​sarcastic question. C) ​judgmental question. D) ​stacked question.

A) ​leading question.

It is appropriate for social workers to set limits in response to their clients' request for:​ A) ​maintaining excessive contact through phone calls and messages. B) ​reporting false information to the clients' employers. C) concealing information about violations of probation. D) ​withholding information from their partners.

A) ​maintaining excessive contact through phone calls and messages.

In the context of furthering responses, _____ signal the social worker's attentiveness and encourage the client to continue verbalizing. A) ​minimal prompts B) ​timely interruptions C) ​interrogative statements D) ​accent responses

A) ​minimal prompts

A social worker will experience a dramatic positive change in his or her interviewing style and confidence level by incorporating: A) ​open-ended responses. B) ​simple reflections. C) ​minimal prompts. D) closed-ended responses.

A) ​open-ended responses.

Paden, who is due for a surgery soon, approaches a social worker to increase his mental stamina and willpower to undergo the surgery. The social worker asks Paden, "When did you find out about your illness? How soon do you have to go in for the surgery? How are you feeling about all this?" In this scenario, the social worker is: A) ​stacking questions. B) ​asking leading questions. C) interrupting inappropriately. D) ​inducing a close-ended conversation

A) ​stacking questions.

Empathetic responses enable social workers to: A) ​stay attuned to clients' moment-by-moment experiencing. B) discreetly interrogate clients and find out their exact problem. C) ​tie together the client's rambling and numerous unrelated elements into coherent messages. D) ​go beyond what the client has directly stated or implied.

A) ​stay attuned to clients' moment-by-moment experiencing.

_____ refers to a social worker's responsibility to respect clients' privacy, to gather information only for the purpose of providing effective services, and to disclose information only with clients' consent.​ A) Transference B) Confidentiality C) Supervision D) Paternalism

B) Confidentiality

If a client asks for personal information such as your marital status, which of the following would be an appropriate response?​ A) I don't see how that info is pertinent here B) Could you tell me how that info would be helpful to you? C) It is against agency policy to disclose personal info D) I am married

B) Could you tell me how that info would be helpful to you?

Which of the following responses would be used by a social worker to elicit limited information from a client? A) ​Talk about your experience. B) Did you talk to the teacher? C) ​How did you handle the situation? D) ​Tell me about the math exam.

B) Did you talk to the teacher?

Which of the following actions of a social worker will reduce the level of threat perceived by an involuntary client and mitigate his or her defensiveness?​ A) ​Blaming those responsible for the client's referral B) Empathizing with the situation C) ​Stating rigid views D) ​Limiting self-exploration

B) Empathizing with the situation

Which of the following is Phase III of the helping process?​ A) Motivation and rapport building B) Evaluation and termination C) Implementation and goal attainment D) Exploration, engagement, assessment, and planning

B) Evaluation and termination

Reflection of content shows that a social worker is aware of the emotions a client has experienced or is currently experiencing. A) True B) False

B) False

Using first name introducing w/a client is a universally accepted way of establishing rapport between the social worker and the client. A) True B) False

B) False

Which of the following terms refers to a skill that encourages clients to continue verbalizing their concerns? A) Reflecting content B) Furthering responses C) Empathizing D) Intellectualizing

B) Furthering responses

Which of the following levels of practice is most concerned w/social planning and community organization? A) Nano B) Macro C) Mezzo D) Micro

B) Macro

_____ operationalizes the social work principle of "starting where the client is" and keeps social workers attuned to their clients' current feelings.​ A) Sympathetic responding B) Reciprocal empathic responding C) Stereotypical responding D) Self-disclosing

B) Reciprocal empathic responding

A female client, aged 35, has a cancerous tumor in her breast. She has been scheduled to undergo surgery and have her breast removed. She says, "I am worried about whether I will still be attractive to my partner or not even if I am cured." Which of the following statements is a Level 3 reciprocal response to the client's concerns?​ A) Can you not think about the alternative, the consequences of not having the cancer removed? B) So you are apprehensive that you might be physically safer after the surgery, but that your partner might not feel the same way about you? C) You should focus on tackling one issue at a time. D) You'll just have to be patient. I can see that you are worried.

B) So you are apprehensive that you might be physically safer after the surgery, but that your partner might not feel the same way about you?

In the context of direct practice, which of the following is a system linkage role of social workers? A) The role of policy developer B) The role of case manager C) The role of planner D) The role of researcher

B) The role of case manager

In a session with his social worker, a client states that the cops arrested him because he is a member of a racial minority group. Which of the following statements is an example of an empathic response?​ A) What does your arrest have to do w/your job search? B) Would I be correct if I said that you felt harassed by the cops? C) It must be really difficult to live in this hostile environment. D) Why do you think that the cops arrested you bc of your race?

B) Would I be correct if I said that you felt harassed by the cops?

During a session with a social worker, a 30-year-old client conveys angry feelings about the trauma of his childhood abuse. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate Level 4 empathic response?​ A) How did you get along with your last social worker? B) You are really upset about what happened and you are wondering if you will ever gain your self-respect. C) ​You are likely to succeed in gaining your self-respect at the conclusion of the case plan. D) I had undergone similar trauma during my childhood.

B) You are really upset about what happened and you are wondering if you will ever gain your self-respect.

Linda, a social worker, communicates with Kate, a child in foster care. Linda asks Kate, "How are you feeling here? Do you feel comfortable? Do you want to stay?" In this scenario, Linda is: A) ​dominating the interaction. B) asking stacked questions. C) asking leading questions. D) ​interrupting inappropriately.

B) asking stacked questions.

In the context of Education Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies, in order to demonstrate competency in possessing knowledge and skills in evaluation, social workers should: A) continuously educate themselves about various cultures B) be able to critically analyze and monitor interventions C) strive to incorporate social justice practices into organization D) engage in practice that advance human rights

B) be able to critically analyze and monitor interventions

In the context of Education Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies, to demonstrate the competency of understanding diversity and difference, social workers should: A) be aware of human and civil rights B) engage in continual education about various cultures C) make ethical decisions D) work w/individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities

B) engage in continual education about various cultures

High-level empathic responding should increase clients': A) sense of guilt B) exploration of self and problems C) perception of others' problems D) sense of righteousness

B) exploration of self and problems

For a social worker, establishing rapport w/a client begins by: A) attending to the emotional states and immediate concerns manifested by the client. B) greeting the client warmly and introducing him/herself. C) assisting the client in gathering data about his or her perceived difficulties and hopes. D) dealing tactfully but firmly w/the client's problematic behaviors.

B) greeting the client warmly and introducing him/herself.

In the context of applying the ecological systems model, the principle of __ suggests that beginning from the same starting points may end in different outcomes. A) equifinality B) multifinality C) nonlinearity D) multi linearity

B) multifinality

When a social worker pinpoints issues in agency structure, policy, or procedures that have a negative impact on service delivery, he or she is performing the role of:​ A) facilitator B) organizational analyst C) information disseminator D) advocate

B) organizational analyst

In the context of social work, _____ during the change process enhances clients' confidence in their own coping ability.​ A) a level 2 response B) positive feedback C) sympathetic recognition D) a level 1 response

B) positive feedback

The obligation to assume the role of _____ has been reaffirmed most recently in the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics, which includes support for the activities performed by social workers in pursuit of the professional mission (NASW, 2008a).​ A) planner B) procedure developer C) client advocate D) consultant

B) procedure developer

Mezzo level social work practice includes: A) relationships w/families B) relationships w/peer groups C) relationships w/individuals D) relationships w/private organizations

B) relationships w/peer groups

In the context of the purposes of social work, ___ seek to reestablish functioning that has been impaired by physical or mental difficulties. A) prevention B) restoration C) remediation D) intervention

B) restoration

According to the ecological systems model, niche refers to the: A) domain in which people in a community work B) statuses or roles occupied by community members C) boundaries that prevent inputs into a community D) unique population characteristics of a community

B) statuses or roles occupied by community members

When using a(n) ___, it is necessary to identify not just concerns but also what things are going well in a client's life in order to highlight current coping mechanisms. A) reliability-based approach B) strengths-based approach C) empathetic approach D) action-oriented approach

B) strengths-based approach

Juanita is a single mother with a young child. In the context of system linkage roles, which of the following is an example of a social worker functioning as a broker for Juanita?​ A) ​A social worker resolving a conflict between Juanita and her child's teacher B) ​A social worker responding to Juanita's request to locate a children's counselor C) ​A social worker encouraging Juanita to enroll in a parenting class D) A social worker assessing Juanita's need for home-delivered meals

B) ​A social worker responding to Juanita's request to locate a children's counselor

Identify the apparent feeling in the following client message: "I know my children need to focus on their career. It is difficult for them to have time to call me."​ A) Guilt B) ​Disappointment C) ​Confusion D) ​Embarrassment

B) ​Disappointment

In the context of empathic communication between social workers and clients, which of the following statements is true of confrontation?​ A) ​It is ineffective when clients are contemplating actions that are dangerous to themselves. B) ​It is employed to make a client pay attention to other people's feelings and circumstances. C) It is employed to expand clients' awareness and to motivate them to action. D) ​It is ineffective when clients are contemplating actions that are unlawful.

B) ​It is employed to make a client pay attention to other people's feelings and circumstances.

In the context of verbal following, skills in following have been related to: A) ​goal setting. B) ​client continuance. C) ​treatment outcomes. D) ​successful interrogations.

B) ​client continuance.

The solution-focused approach takes the position that:​ A) ​clients are self-efficient and should take ownership of their concerns. B) ​goals are central when working with clients. C) ​social workers have solutions to clients' problems. D) expert information gathered from past studies are crucial.

B) ​goals are central when working with clients.

Andrew loses his job because he came to work while he was under the influence of alcohol. He approaches Ron, a social worker, for a counseling session. After a brief conversation with Andrew, Ron says, "It is clear to me that you are in denial about what alcohol is doing to you." This scenario indicates that Ron is: A) ​using sarcasm and humor. B) ​making glib interpretations. C) ​trying to convince using logic. D) ​judging, criticizing, and placing blame.

B) ​making glib interpretations.

Clients misinterpret, draw erroneous conclusions, or experience confusion about the meaning of a social worker's messages when: A) ​the social worker clarifies the meaning of every statement made by him or her. B) ​the social worker uses vague terms and jargon while speaking to the client. C) ​the social worker speaks with specificity while speaking to the client. D) ​the social worker personalizes statements made by him or her.

B) ​the social worker uses vague terms and jargon while speaking to the client

Which of the following social work values refers to social workers' respect for the inherent value of the persons with whom they work?​ A) Interpersonal relationships B) Access to resources C) Dignity and worth D) Integrity

C) Dignity and worth

_____ are declarative statements that place the burden on clients to object if they are uncomfortable with a suggestion made by a social worker.​ A) ​Stereotypical responses B) ​Closed-ended questions C) Directives D) ​Imperatives

C) Directives

Which of the following is a subsystem of the individual according to the ecological systems model? A) Housing B) Family C) Motivation D) Culture

C) Motivation

Mr. Smith is elderly and is unable to drive to the grocery store and the pharmacy. Daniel, his social worker, coordinates with the grocery and the pharmacy store owners and arranges for groceries and medicines to be delivered to Mr. Smith's home. In this context, Daniel plays the role of:​ A) arbitrator B) program developer C) case manager D) procedure developer

C) case manager

After a long and busy day, a social worker takes a much needed 10-minute break, leaving client information displayed on the computer screen. This situation in which the social worker leaves client information on the screen is a violation of the client's _____.​ A) informed consent B) self-determination C) confidentiality D) legal responsibility

C) confidentiality

Social workers assume the role of _____ when they need expert knowledge from psychiatrists, psychologists, and other social workers who possess high levels of expertise related to certain types of problems, for example, substance abuse.​ A) counselor B) facilitator C) consultee D) arbitrator

C) consultee

When working as a planner, a social worker might:​ A) resolve victim-offender situations B) mediate conflicts b/t divorcing partners C) develop after-school transportation services D) advocate pension policies to enhance social justice

C) develop after-school transportation services

Assessment of _____ entails consideration of the adequacy or deficiency, success or failure, and strengths or weaknesses of salient systems in the environment that bear on a client's problem.​ A) political factors B) biological factors C) ecological factors D) virulence factors

C) ecological factors

The term _____ is defined as the incorporation of available research evidence into practice efforts.​ A) practice-informed research B) consultation C) evidence-based practice D) meditation

C) evidence-based practice

Anne, a social worker, listens to her client's account of how her children have been whiny and disrespectful to her. Anne responds, "I am sure they don't mean to act this way; they are just tired." This statement is an example of a(n): A) ​counterattack. B) ​criticism. C) excuse. D) ​sarcasm.

C) excuse.

When a client responds "Yes, but I've already tried that" with little enthusiasm demonstrated for actually doing so, the response serves as a feedback clue that the social worker has slipped into the habit of: ​A) consoling the client. B) ​criticizing and blaming the client. C) giving premature advice. D) ​sympathizing with the situation.

C) giving premature advice.

During Phase II of the helping process, interviewing skills are used to: A) help clients monitor their own progress. B) elicit comprehensive data about clients. C) help clients accomplish their goals. D) confront resistance in clients' attitude.

C) help clients accomplish their goals.

According to the NASW, the primary mission of the social profession is to: A) Help legally mandated clients solve their mental issues B) empower women and minorities C) help meet the basic human needs of all people D) develop research methods specifically for the field of social work

C) help meet the basic human needs of all people

In the context of applying the ecological systems model, the principle of ___ suggests that the same outcome can be achieved even w/different starting points. A) equifinality B) multifinality C) nonlinearity C) multi linearity

C) nonlinearity

A client divulges to a social worker that he plans to wire his former boss's car so that it explodes when the starter is activated. Given possession of this information, the social worker is obligated to:​ A) advise the client's kin to initiate legal proceedings B) talk the client out of it C) notify the former boss of the threat D) tell the client that future threats will necessitate calling the police

C) notify the former boss of the threat

According to the ecological systems perspective, climate is a part of an individual's __. A) subsystem of the individual B) interpersonal system C) physical environment D) community

C) physical environment

In the context of the system development roles of direct practitioners, if a social worker forms a support group for rape victims, he or she is playing the role of _____.​ A) organizational analyst B) policy developer C) program developer D) procedure developer

C) program developer

Establishing ___ reduces the level of threat and gains the trust of clients, who recognize that social workers intend to be helpful. A) a rule B) dominance C) rapport D) a goal

C) rapport

In the context of maintaining psychological contact with clients and exploring their problems, _____ emphasize the cognitive aspects of client messages, such as situations, ideas, objects, or persons. A) reflections w/a twist B) close-ended responses C) reflections of content D) accent responses

C) reflections of content

In order to select interventions that can be evaluated, to evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions, and to systematically monitor the progress of their clients, direct practitioners need to play the role of _____.​ A) beneficiary B) consultee C) researcher D) donor

C) researcher

Additive empathy is employed as a means to enhance:​ A) motivational congruence B) additive empathy C) self-awareness D) self-control

C) self-awareness

Linda is an 80-year-old woman living with her daughter. She recently broke her hip. Her doctor wants to refer her to a rehabilitation facility but Linda refuses to go. She is referred to a social worker who is trying to make arrangements for her to be treated at home. By facilitating her treatment at home, the social worker is upholding the client's right to _____.​ A) paternalism B) competence C) self-determination D) risk management

C) self-determination

After completing several sessions with a social worker, Mr. Harrison states that he believes he is capable of becoming a more outgoing person and communicating more effectively. This statement is an example of:​ A) situational ideation B) additive empathy C) self-efficacy D) self-concept

C) self-efficacy

According to Healy, "moderate universalism" in social work means that: A) ​social work agencies are compelled to ration scarce services among an array of deserving groups. B) ​social workers should accept all the actions or beliefs of their clients even if they do not agree with those actions or beliefs. C) social work is obligated to work for cultural change when equal rights are in jeopardy. D) ​social workers must balance excessive details in client records with demands from insurance companies to demonstrate medical necessity.

C) social work is obligated to work for cultural change when equal rights are in jeopardy.

A solid line in an eco map depicts a relationship which is __. A) tenuous B) stressful C) strong D) delicate

C) strong

When social workers provide strategies for engagement and assist staff in linking assessment with intervention plans and evaluation, they are performing the role of _____.​ A) advocate B) organization analyst C) supervisor D) consultee

C) supervisor

In the context of orienting frameworks to achieve competencies, a __ is a set of orderly elements that are related to make a whole. A) niche B) ecomap C) system D) habitat

C) system

In which of the following ways can a social worker enhance self-awareness of his or her behavioral patterns while interacting with a client? A) ​By having an individual opinion during sessions B) ​By focusing on one "pet" solution that is applicable to all clients C) ​By reviewing videotapes of his or her previous sessions D) ​By repeatedly advising the client to follow what he or she believes in

C) ​By reviewing videotapes of his or her previous sessions

Which of the following statements by a social worker is an example of reassuring or providing false assurance to a client? A) ​Try to focus on your new quality of life. B) ​I sense that you are feeling very anxious. C) ​Certainly, your surgery will be successful. D) ​Other people have had similar experiences.

C) ​Certainly, your surgery will be successful.

Which of the following is an example of a closed-ended question? A) ​Can you tell me what you see that leads you to use that term? B) What are Marsha's strengths and weaknesses?​ C) ​Do you find this task challenging? D) ​Why did she begin acting this way?

C) ​Do you find this task challenging?

_____ do not take the form of a question but embody a request for information. A) ​Polite questions B) ​Loaded questions C) ​Embedded questions D) ​Closed-ended questions

C) ​Embedded questions

Which of the following is true of Phase II of the helping process?​ A) It involves exploring clients' problems by eliciting comprehensive data about the person(s), the problem, and environmental factors. B) ​It involves establishing rapport and enhancing motivation. C) ​It involves translating the plans formulated jointly by a social worker and a client into actions. D) It involves assessing clients' goals that have been satisfactorily attained.

C) ​It involves translating the plans formulated jointly by a social worker and a client into actions.

Which of the following statements is true of the language used in an empathic response at a reciprocal level?​ A) ​It should have professional jargon. B) ​It should not be simple. C) ​It should not be abstract. D) ​It should use repetitive speech patterns.

C) ​It should not be abstract.

During the phase of an initial session with a client, which of the following can be effectively employed to tie together and highlight essential aspects of the session before proceeding to explore additional concerns and strengths? A) ​Quantitative research B) ​Sympathetic responding C) ​Summarization D) ​Contemplation

C) ​Summarization

Which of the following statements is true of stacked questions? A) ​They focus on adopting a solution that social workers deem to be in clients' best interests. B) ​They are designed to induce clients to agree with a particular view. C) ​They have "low yield" and are unproductive and inefficient in gathering relevant information. D) They involve untimely interruptions by a social worker during conversation with a client.

C) ​They have "low yield" and are unproductive and inefficient in gathering relevant information.

A client states, "We've been married for five years and have fought from the first day. We can't seem to agree on anything." Which of the following questions would invite expanded expression from the client about his or her marriage life? A) ​Is it your spouse who usually initiates the fights? B) ​Have you ever tried marriage counselling before this? C) ​What are your fights usually about? D) Do you have any children?

C) ​What are your fights usually about?

Against professional advice, Joe, a psychiatric patient, wants to leave the rehabilitation center in the middle of an ongoing treatment. In this scenario, which of the following would be the best response that a social worker can give him? A) ​We wish you well with your plans and hope that your resolution will keep you safe. B) We will not be responsible for the harm you may cause yourself by this decision. C) ​What do you think about the staff's recommendation about your readiness? D) If you do not continue your psychiatric treatment, you will no longer be able to perform your daily activities.

C) ​What do you think about the staff's recommendation about your readiness?

A father of a teenage boy, who has been truant, says to the social worker, "I am sick and tired of this. This boy is going to have to grow up and learn that the world does not owe him anything. Nothing is going to be given to him." The social worker responds by asking the father, "Are you saying that your son has not learned some important life lessons?" The social worker's response would be an example of: A) ​an agreement with the dilemma expressed by the client. B) ​an interrogation technique to see if the client is withholding information. C) ​a response to check out the client's perceptions. D) ​a question to formulate a solution to the client's problem.

C) ​a response to check out the client's perceptions.

To achieve positive results in role clarification while dealing with a new client, a social worker should:​ A) ​not emphasize client responsibility. B) ​avoid mentioning that difficulties are inherent in the process. C) ​determine the client's expectations. D) ​avoid the person-in-the-environment focus.

C) ​determine the client's expectations.

Client messages may ramble to the extent that they contain numerous unrelated elements that cannot all be tied together. In such instances, the social worker's task is to: A) encourage the client to continue verbalizing to indicate that he or she is listening. B) explore each and every topic in depth to analyze the client's emotional state. C) ​extract and focus on the elements that are most relevant to the thrust of the session. D) ​respond with incongruent statements to ensure that the client is satisfied.

C) ​extract and focus on the elements that are most relevant to the thrust of the session.

Mr. Gordon, who is suffering from depression, approaches a social worker to seek counseling. While Mr. Gordon speaks about his traumatic childhood experiences, the social worker squirms in her chair and continuously fidgets with her hands. This behavior of the social worker conveys: A) ​her attempt to relieve Mr. Gordon's discomfort. B) ​her interest in the ongoing communication. C) ​her lack of concern for Mr. Gordon. D) ​her inability to understand Mr. Gordon's behavioral cue.

C) ​her lack of concern for Mr. Gordon.

Tony, a teenager, is unhappy in his group home. Sam, a social worker, approaches him to sort out the issues that are making him unhappy. Sam asks Tony, "Do you think you have tried all the possible ways by which you can make this placement work?" This question by Sam is an example of a: A) ​stacked question. B) ​premature advice. C) ​leading question. D) ​judgment.

C) ​leading question.

In social work, social workers' "integrity" includes:​ A) using various forms of misrepresentation to help clients. B) treating only their colleagues respectfully. C) ​presenting themselves and their credentials accurately. D) involving clients as allies in agency disputes.​

C) ​presenting themselves and their credentials accurately.

In the context of reflection responses, _____ identify the emotions expressed by a client but do not take a stand or attempt to help the client deal with the emotions. A) ​complex reflections B) ​reflections of affect C) ​simple reflections D) ​reflections with a twist

C) ​simple reflections

In the context of verbal following, incongruent responses to clients have been associated with: A) ​satisfaction. B) ​obedience. C) ​uncertainty. D) ​discontinuance.

C) ​uncertainty.

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to use when a social worker cannot accept the client's behaviors or beliefs?​ A) Convincing the client to change his or her behaviors or beliefs before helping him or her B) ​Transferring the client to another social worker and informing the client that the reason for it is personal rejection C) Condoning all the behaviors of the client and masking feelings while working with the client D) Acknowledging the client's reactions and exploring them through supervision or therapy

D) Acknowledging the client's reactions and exploring them through supervision or therapy

In the context of empathic communication, which of the following statements is an example of self-disclosure?​ A) ​I don't think you should let what happened in school affect you. B) You are very disappointed that things are not better and are irritated with me. You feel that I should have been more helpful. C) ​I feel sad for what happened to you when you entered the new school. D) As you describe what happened when you entered the new school, I think about what happened when I changed schools.

D) As you describe what happened when you entered the new school, I think about what happened when I changed schools.

_____ is a high-risk skill used to assist clients in recognizing and resolving resistant patterns of thought and behavior.​ A) Paraphrasing B) Reframing C) Efficacy D) Confrontation

D) Confrontation

Which of the following statements is true of preserving professional boundaries?​ A) ​A sexual relationship with a client is permissible after the termination of the professional relationship. B) The social worker is not responsible for any harm that may come to a client as the result of dual relationships. C) ​Business relationships between social workers and former clients are encouraged. D) Dual relationships are to be avoided when there is a risk of exploitation.

D) Dual relationships are to be avoided when there is a risk of exploitation.

Which of the following is a task to be completed by a social worker during Phase I of the helping process?​ A) Maintaining focus w/in sessions B) Identifying and addressing barriers to change C) Assessing when client goals have been satisfactorily attained D) Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation

D) Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation

A client is completing an enrollment session with you for a domestic violence group. In the course of discussion about what precipitated the violent act on his part, the client reports that his wife was nagging him about his relationship with his friend Charles. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate reciprocal response?​ A) So your wife must be a jealous person? B) So your wife has been nagging you? C) So why do't you stop seeing Charles for some time? D) So you were frustrated w/your wife's concern about your relationship w/Charles?

D) So you were frustrated w/your wife's concern about your relationship w/Charles?

Which of the following is a valid reason for monitoring the progress of clients toward goal attainment? A) To support research on practice methods B) To assess motivation for the change effort C) To report measure of recorded baseline data D) To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions

D) To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions

Which of the following is a strategy that a social worker can use to affirm his or her client's individuality?​ A) Helping the client understand his or her perspective B) Inviting the client to join him or her for a social activity C) Learning about the client's culture D) Understanding how the client experiences life

D) Understanding how the client experiences life

While applying the ecological systems model, the ___ is a special subset of an action system that includes the practitioners and formal service systems involved in work on the target problems. A) closed system B) client system C) open system D) agency system

D) agency system

According to the philosophy of direct practice, social workers aim to assist in the empowerment of their clients by:​ A) removing the clients from their own environment B) coercing the clients' family and friends into changing their behavior C) making difficult decisions for the clients D) assisting the clients in accessing critical resources

D) assisting the clients in accessing critical resources

The process of problem exploration begins by:​ A) ​specifying the goals to be accomplished and the relevant strategies to be implemented. B) ​dealing with problematic behaviors that impinge on the helping relationship established by the social worker with the client. C) specifying roles and responsibilities of participants and making practical arrangements. D) attending to the emotional states and immediate concerns manifested by the client.

D) attending to the emotional states and immediate concerns manifested by the client.

In the context of Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies, in order to demonstrate competency in advancing human rights and social justice, social workers should: A) engage in practice-informed research and research-informed practice B) understand how diversity and difference characterize and shape the human experience C) understand how the value base and ethical standards of the profession D) be aware of the global implications of oppression

D) be aware of the global implications of oppression

Social workers should be able to experience what the clients convey. However, failure to separate themselves from those feelings may contribute to _____.​ A) client opposition B) confrontations C) a level 0 response D) compassion fatigue

D) compassion fatigue

In the social work context, assertiveness involves: A) negotiating goals to the accomplished in remedying or alleviating problems and formulating a contract. B) assisting a client develop strategies that maintain change and continue growth following the termination of the helping relationship. C) becoming aware of growth-defeating discrepancies in perceptions, feelings, communications, behavior, values, and attitudes. D) dealing tactfully but firmly w/problematic behaviors that impinge on the helping relationship or impede progress toward goal attainment.

D) dealing tactfully but firmly w/problematic behaviors that impinge on the helping relationship or impede progress toward goal attainment.

A social worker who experiences sexual attraction to a client should: A) reconsider his or her suitability for the profession B) discuss it w/the client in private C) act on the attraction D) discuss w/his or her supervisor

D) discuss w/his or her supervisor

When a social worker repeatedly offers advice, pressurizes clients to improve, presents lengthy arguments to convince clients, interrupts frequently, and offers excessive or inappropriate self-disclosure, it indicates that the social worker is: A) using double-barreled questions. B) going on tangential exploration. C) ​focusing on discussing safe topics. D) dominating the interaction.

D) dominating the interaction.

Closed-ended questions are used chiefly to: A) ​seek concreteness of information. B) explore feelings. C) facilitate discussion. D) elicit essential factual information.

D) elicit essential factual information.

A social worker introduces the process of goal negotiation by:​ A) asking the client to select a goal from the available options in the agency B) focusing on goals as perceived by the client C) attending to the emotional states and immediate concerns manifested by the client D) explaining the rationale for formulating goals

D) explaining the rationale for formulating goals

If clients verbally or nonverbally object to directives, a social worker should:​ A) ​let them ignore the directives. B) ​change the directives to more amenable ones. C) ​compel the clients to follow the directives. D) explore the basis of their opposition.

D) explore the basis of their opposition.

Analysis of the ___ incl assessment of the client's wants and needs, coping capacity, strengths and limitations, and motivation to work on the problem(s). A) support system B) sociological factors C) ecological factors D) individual system

D) individual system

When Irvene, an elderly woman, is denied the pension benefits of her deceased husband, she requests the assistance of Finn, a social worker at the senior resource center. Finn listens neutrally to both the parties and provides a resolution for the conflict between them. In this context, Finn plays the role of _____.​ A) consultant B) organizational analyst C) supervisor D) mediator

D) mediator

In the Tarasoff case, the court ruled that: A) social workers can disclose a client's identity while consulting w/colleagues B) social workers must immediately inform the police if they suspect child or elder abuse C) the right to privacy is fundamental and cannot be breached in any situation D) mental health professionals have an obligation to protect their clients' indeed victims

D) mental health professionals have an obligation to protect their clients' indeed victims

Taking the time to explore expectations and to clarify how you can be of assistance to your clients goes a long way in:​ A) ​enabling you to force clients to pursue a particular course of advocacy action. B) ​enabling you and your clients to set your own ethical standards. C) granting immunity to you from prosecutions if an intervention backfires. D) preventing clients from drawing unwarranted negative conclusions.

D) preventing clients from drawing unwarranted negative conclusions.

In the context of evidence-based practice, the __ focuses on the practices of the individual practitioner. A) process model B) system model C) service model D) product model

D) product model

It is acceptable for a social worker to override a client's autonomy when:​ A) the client if from a minority culture B) the relatives of the client request the social worker C) the client is capable of making decisions w/others' help D) the client is judged not to have sufficient decision-making capacity

D) the client is judged not to have sufficient decision-making capacity

Which of the following behaviors displayed by a social worker communicates his or her hurriedness and anxiety while interacting with a client? A) ​Frequently glancing at the clock B) ​Yawning excessively C) Looking out the window D) ​Having a rigid posture

D) ​Having a rigid posture

Which of the following is a criticism of evidence-based practice?​ A) It recognizes evidence-based practice models that are relevant only to minority cultural groups.​ B) ​It disregards the models that rely on research validated by the dominant culture. C) It relies heavily on client experience D) ​It relies heavily on the practitioner as the expert

D) ​It relies heavily on the practitioner as the expert

Anna has not received the resources that were promised to her by Harry, her social worker. She decides to complain about this issue to Harry's manager. Anna tells Harry, "If you do not work on this soon, I am going to talk to your manager." In this scenario, which of the following is the best response that Harry can give Anna? A) ​Look on the brighter side. You have turned active and involved. You are not passive. B) ​If you do not apologize right away, you'll be sorry. C) ​My supervisor's office is next door. Do not let my door hit you on the way out. D) ​You have the right to be served effectively. I can get you my supervisor's phone number.

D) ​You have the right to be served effectively. I can get you my supervisor's phone number.

Which of the following statements made by a social worker has a high degree of specificity? A) ​I think you have self-esteem issues. B) ​I think you are passive-aggressive, and most of your issues can be solved if you just work on your self-image. C) ​Your issues stem from your impulsive behavior, and you make it a point to test my authority at every moment. D) ​You seem more at ease today, and you did a great job when you talked about all the issues you faced in school.

D) ​You seem more at ease today, and you did a great job when you talked about all the issues you faced in school.

A client states, "This past month my daughter has just been unbearable." The social worker responds, "Unbearable?" The social worker's response is a(n) _____. A) closed-ended response B) ​reflection response C) ​embedded response D) ​accent response

D) ​accent response

An employee, who is facing efficiency issues and complaints from managers at his workplace, approaches a social worker to seek remedial solutions. After listening to the client's problems, the social worker responds, "Try joining a different workplace." This response is an example of: A) ​consoling. B) ​threatening. C) ​blaming. D) ​advising.

D) ​advising.

In the context of the role of a team member, when a team is dominated by members from more powerful professions, social workers should:​ A) withhold their knowledge of resources. B) ​conceal their expertise in linking clients with resources. C) desensitize team members to client strengths. D) ​advocate for a more holistic approach

D) ​advocate for a more holistic approach.

Describe two different definitions of evidence-based practice.

Empirically based practice: promoting models of practice based on scientific evidence. In such an approach, problems and outcomes are conceived in measurable terms, and data are gathered to monitor interventions and evaluate effectiveness. Interventions are selected based on their scientific support and effectiveness as systematically measured and evaluated. EBP: has been suggested as broader than empirically based practice, since external research findings are considered in the context of fit to particular situations, which in turn are considered w/in the context of informed consent and client values and expectations. EBP began in medicine as an attempt to conscientiously identify best practices for client care, assess the quality of evidence available, and present that evidence to clients and patients so that they could share in decision making.

Inappropriate use of humor or sarcasm is described as a potential barrier to communication. Illustrate this with an example. Also, describe how humor is an aid to communication if done appropriately.

Humor can be helpful, bringing relief and sometimes perspective to work that might otherwise be tense and tedious. Pollio has suggested ways to determine appropriate use of humor. Are you the social worker capable of telling something that is humorous? Do others, including clients, think so? Does the comment fit the situation? Is something needed to unstick or free up a situation in a way that humor might help? What do you know about the client's sense of humor? Similarly, van Wormer and Does have described ways that humor permits social workers to continue to operate in the face of trauma. Using plays on words or noting a sense of the preposterous or incongruous can help social workers and clients face difficult situations. Humor can also allow clients to express emotions in a safe, less emotionally charged ways. Kane describes the way humor in group work can facilitate work w/persons w/HIV. Caplan has also described how in group work, facilitation of humor can create a necessary safety and comfort level in work w/men who batter. Teens have been described as using irony, sarcasm, mocking, and prod as ways of coping w/difficult situations. Similarly, humor can be used in ways to diffuse conflict. Excessive or untimely use of humor, however, can be distracting, keeping the content of the session on a superficial level and interfering w/mutual objectives. Sarcasm often emanates from unrecognized hostility that tends to provoke counter-hostility in clients. Similarly, making a comment such as "you really win the prize for worst week" when a client recounts a series of crises and unfortunate incidents runs the risk of conveying that the difficulties are not taken seriously. A better response would be to empathize w/the difficulties of the week and compliment the client on persisting to cope despite them. Rather than saying, "did you get up on the wrong side of the bed?," a more descriptive response that does not run the risk of diminishing the client's experience would be to say "it sounds as if today was dificult from the time you got up."

Distinguish between micro, mezzo, and macro levels of practice and provide an example of each.

Micro: the population served by sws at this level of practice incl individuals, couples and families. Practice at the micro level is designated as direct practice bc practitioners deliver services directly to clients in face-to-face situations. Direct practice, however is by no means limited to such face-to-face contact. Mezzo: defined as "interpersonal relations that are less intimate than those associated w/family life; more meaningful than among organizational and institutional representatives; [including] relationships b/t individuals in a self-help or therapy group, among peers at school or work or among neighbors". Mezzo events are the "interface where the individual and those most immediate and important to him/her meet". Macro: still further removed from face-to-face delivery of services, marco-level sw practice involves the processes of social planning and community organization. On this level, sws serve as professional change agents who assist community action systems composed of individuals, groups, or organizations in dealing w/social problems. For example, sws may work w/citizen groups or w/private, public, or governmental organizations. Activities of practitioners at this level incl 1) development of and work w/community groups and organizations 2) program planning and development 3) implementation, administration and evaluation of practice

Discuss some of the ways in which children can engage in initial discussions with a social worker. How can they be made comfortable? What is the role of toys in establishing a comfortable environment?

Practitioners who interview children often find it useful to have available a small # of toys or items that children can manipulate w/their hands as well as materials for drawing pictures. Such tools or devices seem to reduce tension for children in communicating w/unfamiliar adults and assist them interring their story.

Describe the characteristics of clients who are said to be in the pre contemplating and contemplating stages of change.

Precontemplation stage: they have not yet considered a problem that has been perceived by others. For example, a student who is referred to a school sw for lateness and perceived tiredness may not have considered this an issue for which he was personally responsible, perhaps feeling instead that he is powerless in this regard and that it is his parents' responsibility to help him get to school or to bed on time. Contemplating stage: they are aware of the issue but are not fully aware of their options, the befits of changing, and the consequences for not doing so. Such clients can be helped to explore those possibilities. For example, in our example of student being referred to a sw for lateness and tiredness, the sw can gather info from the student about his sleeping patterns and rituals involved in getting ready for school. Together, they can explore what might happen if the student continues to be be late and tired and how things might be different if behavior patterns are modified to arrive at school on time and rested.

Describe the differences between sympathetic responding and empathic responding. Provide examples of each kind of response.

Sympathetic responding: depends on achieving emotional and intellectual accord, involves supporting and condoning the other person's feelings. E.g., "I'd feel the sMae way if I were in your position", "I think you're right."; Empathic responding: method of developing rapport w/the client. Responses should be couched in a tentative manner to a slow for inaccuracies in the sw's perception. E.g., "You must feel uncomfortable going to see him if you never know what to expect."

The title of clinical social worker has special significance in some states. Discuss the reasons for this special significance.

The term clinical practice is sometimes used interchangeably with direct practice. Clinical sw practice has been define as "the provision of mental health services for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders in individuals, families and groups. The title of clinical sw has special significance in some states bc an advanced license is labeled as "clinical". In such states, licensing provisions are such that diagnosis and treatment of mental health difficulties requires the provider have a clinical license or be under the supervision of a person w/such a license. Holding such a license then becomes a required credential for sws to be eligible for 3rd party reimbursement for delivering psychotherapy or counseling.

What are the challenges faced by social workers who have to deal with potential clients referred by others? What are the ways in which social workers can be sensitive to such clients?

These potential clients often experience pressures from family, teachers, etc. The potential client may not believe they need the assistance of a sw and be hesitant in participating. Sws can explore the concerns expressed by these clients, understand and respect the client's feelings towards seeing a sw, etc.

It is well documented that African American children are overrepresented in the child welfare system in the United States. Briefly explain the meaning of this statement. What would a social worker do while functioning as an organizational assessor in such a situation?

This would mean that a greater proportion of Caucasian children are returned to their parents after child welfare assessments. The reasons for this disproportion are complex and not tied to any one factor. engaging in the organizational assessor role, sws in child welfare would examine the decisions made in the system. They would then try to make sure that resources such as family group decision making are especially available to families of color as that resource is promising as a way to safely preserve families.

Describe how cultural nuances of nonverbal cues turn out to be a barrier to effective communication for social workers.

To consciously use nonverbal behaviors to fully advantage in transcultural relationships, social workers must be aware that some members of different cultural groups ascribe different meanings to certain nonverbal behaviors. Eye-to-eye contact, for example, is expected behavior among members of mainstream American culture. In fact, people who avoid eye-to-eye contact may be viewed as untrustworthy or evasive. Conversely, members of some Native American tribes regard direct gaming as an intrusion on privacy. It is important to observe and investigate the norms for gazing before using eye-to-eye contact w/members of some tribes. Further, failure to correctly interpret the client's nonverbal behavior may lead the social worker to conclude erroneously that the client has flat affect (limited emotionality). Given these potential hazards, social workers should strive to understand the client's cultural frame of reference.

Imagine that you are a social worker. During a visit with your family, your relatives ask you about the kinds of clients you are seeing in field placement so that they can understand this new career you are pursuing. What will you say, keeping in mind the ethical responsibility of maintaining confidentiality of your clients?

To fulfill your responsibility in maintaining privacy, you must guard against disclosing information in inappropriate situations. Examples incl: discussing details of your work w/family and friends.

What are the ways in which social workers can interact with potential clients who are not native English speakers? What are the guidelines for working with an interpreter?

When ethnic minoritiy/immigrant clients do not speak English, effective communication requires the use of an interpreter of the same ethnicity as the client, so that the sw and client bridge both cultural value differences and language differences. To work effectively together, however, both the sw and the interpreter must possess special skill.s For their part, interpreter must be carefully trained to interpret cultural interpreters assess sws by translating far more than verbal content- they also convey nonverbal communication, cultural attitudes and beliefs, subtle expressions, emotional reactions, and expectations of clients. To achieve rapport, the sw must convert empathy and establish an emotional connection w/the ethnic minority client. The interpreter "must have the capacity to act exactly as the interviewer acts- express the same feelings, use the same intonations to the extent possible in another language and thru verbal and nonverbal means convey what the interviewer expresses on several levels". The sw should explain the interpreter's role to the client and ensure the client of neutrality and confidentiality of both the sw and the interpreter. In addition, successful transcultural work thru an interpreter requires that the sw be acquainted w/the history and culture of the client's and the interpreter's country of origin. Sws must also adapt to the slower pace of interviews when an interpreter is involved. When sws and interpreters are skilled in collaborating in interviews, effective working relationships can evolve, and many clients experience the process as beneficial and therapeutic.

Describe the limitations of systems theories.

While systems models often provide useful concepts for describing person-situation interactions, they may have limitations in suggesting specific intervention prescriptions. Similarly, it is argued that systems concepts do not add much to domain-specific knowledge. Others claim that, however faulty or inadequate, systems theory provides useful metaphors for conceptualizing the relations b/t complex organizations. Perhaps we should not place such high expectations on the theory. We take the view that systems theory provides useful metaphors for conceptualizing the varied levels of phenomena sws must recognize. By themselves, those metaphors are insufficient to guide practice. Concepts such as equifinality and multifinality cannot be rigidly applied in all human and social systems.