Micro Ch. 19

Another name for childbed fever is S. aureus intoxication. toxic shock syndrome. Klein's disease. puerperal fever.

puerperal fever

The natural habitat of a pathogen is referred to as its home. primary inhabitance. infectious site. reservoir.

reservoir

So far, the only disease that has been globally eradicated is polio smallpox measles diphtheria

smallpox

The reservoir of infection for botulism and tetanus is humans. soil. water. animals. soil AND water.

soil

The guidelines designed for prevention of nosocomial disease during care of all patients is called Universal Disposables. Disinfection Manifesto. Asepsis Preference. Standard Precautions.

standard precautions

Because of the natural evolution of microorganisms, it is necessary to use techniques that allow distinguishing them at the level of species. genera. family. strain.

strain

Droplet nuclei typically travel no farther from point of release than 3 meters. 5 meters. 1 meter. They are suspended indefinitely.

they are suspended indefinitely

Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called parasitic. symbiotic. zoonotic. epidemic.

zoonotic

Large respiratory droplets typically travel no farther from point of release than 3 meters. 5 meters. 1 meter. 20 meters.

1 meter

A gradual rise in numbers during an epidemic indicates a common source epidemic. True False

False

Cross-sectional surveys are very useful in establishing cause of a disease. True False

False

Generally, the smaller the infective dose, the lower the chance of disease. True False

False

In a double-blind test the treating physician knows who is getting the actual treatment. True False

False

The portal of entry typically has little effect on the course of a disease. True False

False

The publication of the CDC that reports new cases of reportable infectious diseases is titled Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). State Health News Letter (SHNL). Federal Report of Infectious Disease (FRID). National Morbidity Weekly.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

The doctor responsible for introducing the idea of hand washing before attending patients was Klein. Semmelweis. Koch. Pasteur.

Semmelweis

A fly may serve as a mechanical vector. True False

True

A placebo is a mock drug. True False

True

Diseases with long incubation periods are more likely to spread extensively. True False

True

Human population growth and expansion contribute to emergence of diseases. True False

True

Nosocomial infections are those acquired at a hospital. True False

True

The World Health Organization (WHO) is part of the Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services. Department of Human Resources. United Nations. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

United Nations

Which of the following contributes to nosocomial disease? susceptible population hospital environment other patients patient's own normal flora All of the choices are correct.

all of the choices are correct

Which of the following may be associated with nosocomial disease? Enterococcus species. Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas species. Staphylococcus aureus. All of the choices are correct.

all of the choices are correct

Transmission-Based Precautions is a course health workers must take. are guidelines from WHO for dealing with emerging diseases. are instructions on the care of all patients. are guidelines to use with patients infected with a highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogen.

are guidelines to use with patients infected with a highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogen

Gonorrhea is a disease that may be zoonotic. pandemic. syndemic. asymptomatic.

asymptomatic

The number of cases of a specific disease per one hundred people exposed is called the attack rate. index rate. mortality rate. obesity rate.

attack rate

A new serotype of Vibrio cholerae, V. cholerae 0139, has picked up the ability to produce pili. flagella. capsules. toxin.

capsules

Apparently healthy people who may transmit a pathogen they harbor are called vectors. fomites. vehicles. carriers.

carriers

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises and falls rapidly, this is called a(n) propagated epidemic. promulgated epidemic. common source epidemic. index epidemic.

common source epidemic

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed symptomatic. clinical. acute. latent. communicable.

communicable

Schistosomiasis has increased in areas where snails have become a delicacy. crayfish are eaten. dams have been built. swamps have been drained.

dams have been built

The type of epidemiological study that determines the characteristics of the persons involved and the time and place of the outbreak is called a(n) inspection study. descriptive study. cohortive study. retrospective study.

descriptive study

The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the exposure. number. dose. level.

dose

An experimental study in which neither the doctor nor the patient knows who is getting the actual treatment is called single-sided. double-sided. double-blind. double-barrier.

double-blind

Important sources of contamination in crowded locations are blood. droplets of saliva or mucus. restrooms. kitchens.

droplets of saliva or mucus

Diseases constantly present in a population are called epidemic. chronic. latent. endemic.

endemic

A dramatic increase in the incidence of a specific disease in a given population is referred to as a(n) pandemic. endemic. epidemic. mortality.

epidemic

Which of the following is not a mechanical vector? fomite human fly flea fomite AND human

fomite

Which of the following is not a vector? fomite human fly flea fomite AND human

fomite

Inanimate objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are vectors. fomites. vehicles. reservoirs.

fomites

The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their general health. cultural practices. age. genetic background.

genetic background

Which of the following is recommended by the Standard Precautions guidelines? glove use hand washing a face shield antibiotic use glove use, hand washing AND a face shield

glove use, hand washing AND a face shield

The single most important measure to prevent the spread of disease is home cooking. canning. pasteurization. hand washing.

hand washing

When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as protected population. active immunity. passive immunity. herd immunity.

herd immunity

The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the prodromal phase. decline phase. incubation period. lag phase.

incubation period

The first identified case in an outbreak is called the starter case. traceable case. primary case. index case.

index case

The member of the hospital staff who surveys the types and numbers of nosocomial infections is called the head nurse. staff control. attending physician. infection control practitioner.

infection control practitioner

The threat of bioterrorism is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases. is exaggerated in light of the efficiency of our healthcare system. may include rarely seen infectious agents. has prompted WHO to prepare a readiness plan. is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases AND may include rarely seen infectious agents.

is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases AND may include rarely seen infectious agents

An infection acquired during hospitalization is referred to as antibiotic-induced. therapeutic. medication-stimulated. nosocomial.

nosocomial

A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n) endemic. pandemic. outbreak. attack break.

outbreak

An epidemic that spreads worldwide is called a(n) epidemical. endemic. pandemic. syndemic.

pandemic

Which of the following is called a zoonotic disease? measles typhoid common cold plague

plague

WHO has targeted for elimination of polio. dracunculiasis. measles. plague. polio, dracunculiasis AND measles.

polio, dracunculiasis AND measles

Vertical transmission involves droplet transmission. fomites. pasteurization. pregnant woman to fetus.

pregnant woman to fetus

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises gradually, this is called a(n) propagated epidemic. promulgated epidemic. common source epidemic. index epidemic.

propagated epidemic

Approximately what percentage of hospitalized patients may develop a nosocomial infection? 0% 5% 20% 70%

5%

Which of the following is NOT a political/societal reason for a decrease in rates of childhood immunizations? Distrust of the healthcare body administering the vaccinations. Distrust of the government funding the vaccination process. A lack of a proper 'cold chain' for stable transport of vaccines into tropical areas. Distrust of the scientific community advocating for administration of vaccines.

A lack of a proper 'cold chain' for stable transport of vaccines into tropical areas

Explain how the incubation period can influence the spread of an infectious agent. An infectious carrier will only spread the illness when they are showing acute symptoms. As such, the length of incubation period is not important for spreading the illness. Depending on the microbe and the illness, an asymptomatic carrier in the incubation period might be shedding infectious microbes to his/her surroundings. In such a case, a longer incubation period would lead to a greater spread of the disease as the carrier comes into contact with more individuals while he/she is generally appearing to be healthy. A very short incubation period will place a patient into the highly infectious active disease state sooner. Since people avoid contact with actively ill individuals, a very short incubation period will always lead to a DECREASE in the spread of an infectious disease. A very long incubation period will place a patient into the highly infectious active disease state later. Since people generally avoid contact with actively ill individuals, a very long incubation period will always lead to a DECREASE in the spread of an infectious disease.

Depending on the microbe and the illness, an asymptomatic carrier in the incubation period might be shedding infectious microbes to his/her surroundings. In such a case, a longer incubation period would lead to a greater spread of the disease as the carrier comes into contact with more individuals while he/she is generally appearing to be healthy