Micro LearnSmart Ch.11

Obligate aerobes obtain energy using ______ exclusively.

respiration

Choose the environments that would most likely support the growth of methanogens. A. surfaces of plant leaves B. sewage C. swamp D. human digestive tract E. aerated aquariums F. marine sediment

B. sewage C. swamp D. human digestive tract F. marine sediment

Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria such as Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter are ______. A. obligate chemoorganoheterotrophs B. thermophillic C. obligate chemolithotrophs D. Gram-positive E. Gram-negative

B. thermophillic C. obligate chemolithotrophs E. Gram-negative

An atmosphere that lacks O2 is called ______.

anarobic

Micrococcus species are Gram- _______ cocci.

positive

Movement in spirochetes is via ______ (also called axial filaments), which are flagella contained within the periplasm.

endoflagella

Pseudomonas species are Gram-negative rods that, unlike members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, are ______. A. obligate anaerobes B. oxidase-positive non-fermenters C. obligate fermenters with polar flagella

B. oxidase-positive non-fermenters

______ species are Gram negative curved rods that are highly motile and pray on other Gram negative rods by boring a hole in their cell wall.

Bdeliovibro

Certain bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with specific types of fish and squid are ________, meaning they emit light.

Bioluminescent

Cyanobacteria harvest the light energy of _____, using it to convert CO2 into organic compounds. A. water B. fluorescent microbes C. the sun D. carbohydrates

C. The sun

Antibiotics that interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis are ineffective in the treatment of Mycoplasma infections because these organisms lack _______. A. a nucleus B. ribosomes C. a cell wall D. a rigid membrane

C. a cell wall

Gram-positive pleomorphic rods that are club-shaped and arranged to form V shapes or palisades (side-to-side stacks) are referred to as ______ or ______. A. Sarcina B. tetrads C. diphtheroids D. steptobacilli E. coryneforms

C. diphtheroids E. coryneforms

Deinococcus species have the ability to withstand _______. A. very cold temperatures B. very high temperatures C. high doses of radiation D. very low pH levels

C. high doses of radiation

An organism that harvests energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals, but not organic chemicals is a _______.

Chemolithotroph

The structure shown at the end of the arrow is a(n) _________. A. Vegetative cell B. Rhizoid C. Capsule D. Endospore

D. Endospore

The process of converting N2 to ammonia, which can then be incorporated into cell material, is called nitrogen _______.

Fixation

On blood agar, Streptococcus pyogenes produces Bata-_________, a characteristic used to differentiate this organism from the normal oral microbiota.

hemolytic

Aerobic chemoorganotrophs oxidize ____ compounds to obtain energy.

organic

Species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are _______. A. irregularly shaped Gram-positive rods B. strict anaerobes C. microaerophillic D. curved, Gram-negative rods

C. microaerophillic D. curved, Gram-negative rods

The process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia, which can then be incorporated into cell material is called _____. A. ammonification B. denitrification C. nitrogen fixation

C. nitrogen fixation

Presence of the enzyme _______ is a key characteristic of Staphylococcus species that is used to distinguish them from Gram-positive cocci that do not respire aerobically, such as Streptococcus species.

Catalase

Which of the following genera do not belong to the lactic acid bacteria? A. Lactococcus B. Lactobacillus C. Streptococci D. Leuconostoc E. Staphylococcus

E. Staphylococcus

_____ are Gram-positive cigar shaped bacteria that live in the intestines of surgeonfish and are larger than most prokaryotes.

Epulopiscium

An organism that grows well in an environment that contains 32% NaCl would be called an extreme _______.

Halophile

A group of Gram-negative bacteria that serve as an important model in the study of developmental biology because their unique developmental cycle that includes the production of a fruiting body are the ______.

Myxobacteria

Chemoorganotrophs oxidize _______ compounds such as glucose to obtain energy.

Organic

Methanogens are organisms that _______. A. belong to the domain Bacteria B. obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas C. can be defined as a phototroph D. use CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor E. generate methane

B. obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas D. use CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor E. generate methane

Aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain their energy by ______. A. oxidizing chemical like ammonia B. using S as a terminal electron acceptor C. using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor D. oxidizing organic compounds E. producing CO2 and H2O

C. using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor D. oxidizing organic compounds E. producing CO2 and H2O

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs probably belong to a group of bacteria call the ______.

Cyanobacteria

Put the following event in the life cycle of Bdeliovibrio species in the correct order. A. Bdeliovibrio divides into several motile daughter cells which are released when the host cell lyses. B. Bdeliovibrio rotates and releases digestive enzymes to bore a hole in the cell wall of the pray. C. Bdeliovibro elongates in the periplasm. D. Bdeliovibro strikes and attaches to its pray.

D. Bdeliovibro strides and attaches to its pray. B. Bdeliovibrio rotates and releases enzymes to bore a hole in the cell wall of the pray. C. Bdeliovibro elongates in the periplasm. A. Bdeliovibrio divides into several motile daughter cells which are released when the host cell lyses.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the lactic acid bacteria? A. Most can grow in aerobic environments. B. Produce lactic acid from fermentation. C. Can only ferment. D. Posses the enzyme catalase.

D. Posses the enzyme catalase.

By definition, obligate intracellular parasites cannot _______. A. exist outside of a host cell B. Produce a cell wall C. Cause disease D. Replicate outside of a host cell

D. Replicate outside of a host cell

A special staining procedure called the _____ is an important test used in identification of Mycobacterium species. A. dark-field preparation B. negative stain C. simple stain D. acid-fast stain E. Gram stain

D. acid-fast stain

The resting cell produced by Azotobacter species that allows the organism to survive drying and ultraviolet radiation is called a(n) ______. A. endospore B. vegetative cell C. fruiting body D. cyst

D. cyst

Both Treponema and Borrelia are characterized by their corkscrew shape and endoflagella, thus making them ______. A. obligate anaerobes B. Gram-negative bacilli C. Gram-positive bacilli D. spirochetes

D. spirochetes

The two most common genera of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that form endospores are ______. A. Clostridium B. Escherichia C. Staphylococcus D. Bacillus E. Mycobacterium

A. Clostridium D. Bacillus

Members of the genus Vibrio _______. A. are Gram-positive rods B. include pathogens such as V. cholerae and V. vulnificus C. are obligate aerobes D. are typically found in soil

B. include pathogens such as V. cholerae and V. vulnificus

Facultative anaerobes preferentially use aerobic respiration if _____ is present. A. H+ B. H2S C. S D. O2

D. O2

Most of the anaerobic chemolithotrophs that have been discovered are members of the domain ______. A. Archaea B. Eucarya C. Bacteria

A. Archaea

Anaerobic chemoorganotrophs _______. A. Can obtain energy via fermentation B. Use an inorganic energy source to produce ATP. C. Produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.

A. Can obtain energy via fermentation. C. Produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.

Ecophysiology is the study of the ______. A. physiological mechanisms bacteria and archaea use to live in terrestrial and aquatic environments. B. different environments on the planet in which bacteria and archaea live. C. varying systems in the human body and the diversity of the microbiota that inhabits them.

A. physiological mechanisms bacteria and archaea use to live in terrestrial and aquatic environments.

Legionella species typically live in aquatic environments, where they often live within _____. A. protozoa B. other bacteria C. fruiting bodies D. fish and squid

A. protozoa

Characterized members of the domain ______ typically thrive in extreme environments, such as high heat, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity.

Archaea

Which of the following genera of endospore forms include both obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes? A. Clostridium B. Bacillus

B. Bacillus

Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using ______ as a terminal electron acceptor. A. S B. O2 C. H2 D. H2S

B. O2

During photosynthesis, anoxygenic phototrophs use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons to make reducing power, and therefore do not generate ______. A. H2S B. O2 C. energy D. water

B. O2

Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microbiota of the ________.

Skin

Members of the genus ______ thrive in the dry and salty environment of the skin.

Staphylococcus

Scientists are interested in studying the growth of extreme ______, archaea that grow near volcanic vents and fissures because these conditions are thought to mimic early earth's environment.

Thermophiles

In a healthy individual, anaerobes can regularly be found on and in the _____. A. Intestinal tract B. Muscle tissue C. Skin D. Oral cavity B. Sterile body fluids

A. Intestinal tract C. Skin D. Oral cavity

Legionella species typically live in _______ environments, where they often live within protozoa. A. aquatic B. deep sea C. terrestrial D. arid

A. aquatic

Which of the following statements describe Bordetella species? A. They are aerobic Gram-negative coccobacilli. B. They can inhabit the intestinal tract of chickens and cause diarrheal disease. C. They are microaerophilic curved Gram-negative rods. D. The most significant medical species causes whooping cough.

A. They are aerobic Gram-negative coccobacilli. D. The most significant medical species causes whooping cough.

In terms of morphology, cyanobacteria _____. A. can be cocci, rods, or spiral shaped B. can be unicellular C. are Gram-positive rods D. can form filamentous multicellular associations E. can form endospores

A. can be cocci, rods or spiral shaped B. can be unicellular D. can form filamentous multicellular associations

Species in the genus Neisseria are ______. A. cocci B. spiral C. Gram-negative D. typically found in pairs E. Gram-positive

A. cocci C. Gram-negative D. typically found in pairs

Humans infected with Campylobacter jejuni typically exhibit _______. A. diarrhea B. Stomach ulcers C. flu-like symptoms

A. diarrhea

Azotobacter protect their nitrogenase enzyme from O2 by ______. A. respiring and consuming O2 so rapidly that a low O2 environment is maintained inside the cell. B. fusing together to produce a protective layer that prevents O2 entry.

A. respiring an consuming O2 so rapidly that a low O2 environment is maintained inside the cell.

Based on their defining characteristics, members of the family Enerobacteriaceae _______. A. are Gram-positive bacilli B. possess peritrichous flagella if motile C. ferment glucose D. typically ferment lactose E. are facultative anaerobes

B. Possess peritrichous flagella if motile C. ferment glucose E. are facultative anaerobes

The _______ bacteria have projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall that increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients.

Prosthecate

Match the following genera of organisms with their description. A. Lactococcus B. Lactobacillus C. Enterococcus 1. Members typically inhabit the intestinal tract. 2. Includes species used to make cheese 3. Common members of the microbiota in the mouth and the vagina during childbearing years.

A. Lactococus: 2. Includes species used to make cheese B. Lactobacillus: 3. Common members of the microbiota in the mouth and the vagina during childbearing years. C. Enterococcus: 1. Members typically inhabit the intestinal tract.

The normal habitat of Bacteroides species in humans includes the ______. A. genital tract B. intestines C. mouth D. skin E. respiratory tract

A. genital tract B. intestines C. mouth

Methanogens, a group of archaea that generate methane, can be found in environments that _______. A. lack O2 B. are aerobic C. contain CO2 D. contain H2

A. lack O2 C. contain CO2 D. contain H2

The cells that develop into microcysts within the fruiting body of the myxobacteria are _____. A. more resistant to heat, drying, and radiation B. called endospores C. responsible for reproduction D. dormant

A. more resistant to heat, drying, and radiation D. dormant

Which of the following genera of organisms forms a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants? A. Agrobacterium B. Rhizoblum

B. Rhizoblum

Organisms that form storage granules include _______. A. Megnetospilillum B. Thiomargarita C. Thioploca D. Staphylococcus E. Spirillum

B. Thiomargarita C. Thioploca E. Spirillum

True or false: Methane gas produced by methanogens can be collected and used for generating electricity. A. False B. True

B. True

Which of the following statements about microbial diversity is true? A. Through both traditional and new molecular techniques, scientist have now identified most existing microbial species. B. We are only now beginning to understand the diversity of prokaryotes.

B. We are only now beginning to understand the diversity of prokaryotes.

The genus Streptomyces _______. A. Consists of Gram-positive bacteria. B. Resemble fungi in their growth. C. Are considered obligate anaerobes. D. Includes more than 500 species.

A. Consists of Gram-positive bacteria. B. Resemble fungi in their growth. D. Includes more than 500 species.

Members of the genus Agrobacterium attach to a wounded plant and transfer a portion of their DNA to the plant cell, causing the plant to _______. A. form a tumor B. produce a fruiting body C. synthesize opine as a nutrient source for Agrobacterium D. undergo apoptosis

A. Form a tumor C. synthesize opine as a nutrient source for Agrobacterium

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria ______. A. are Gram-negative cocci B. can use hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate as an energy source C. use nitrogen as a terminal electron acceptor D. can sometimes grow in filaments

B. can use hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate as an energy source D. can sometimes grow in filaments

Rhizobia are a group of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that often fix nitrogen and form intimate relationships with legumes. In these relationships role, rhizobia are ______. A. parasites B. synergists C. pathogens D. endosymbionts

D. endosymbionts

Match the organism with the disease that is causes. A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Chlamydophila pneumoniae C. Chlamydophila psittaci 1. Atypical pneumonia 2. A common sexually transmitted disease 3. Psittacosis

A. Chlamydia trachomatis: 2. A common sexually transmitted disease B. Chlamydophila pneumoniae: 1. Atypical pneumonia C. Chlamydophila psittaci: 3. psittacosis