Micro Quiz 8 Ecosystem
Ecological theory states that for every organism there is at LEAST one ________, and the microenvironment where the organism is most successful is called the ________. a. community / population b. niche / prime niche c. prime niche / niche d. population / community
niche / prime niche
Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas produced by anthropogenic activities. True False
FALSE
Due to a vast array of nutrients, microorganisms are often capable of sustaining exponential growth in the environment. True False
FALSE
Limiting nutrients in soils are generally organic compounds. True False
FALSE
Ocean acidification decreases the precipitation of calcium carbonate and thus will probably affect the cycling of Ca and other nutrients in the ocean. True False
FALSE
The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the ability to convert inorganic carbon into biomass and generate energy during this process. True False
FALSE
An organism living in the bottommost region of a body of water is described as being a. litoral. b. benthic. c. pelagic. d. neritic.
benthic
The calcium cycle is tightly coupled to the a. silica cycle through calcium silicate formation in coastal ocean sediments. b. nitrogen cycle because nitrogenase requires calcium ions. c. phosphorus cycle through calcium phosphate formation in sediments and rocks. d. carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters.
carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters.
In the natural carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere by the respiration of animals and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms. True False
TRUE
Many microbial habitats are unsuitable for plants and animals. True False
TRUE
More carbon is present in dead organic material on Earth than in living organisms. True False
TRUE
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a a. a potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification. b. potent greenhouse gas that is a product of nitrification. c. direct product of ammonification. d. direct product of nitrogen fixation.
a potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification.
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is a. increasing the effect of the biological pump. b. increasing sedimentation of C, Ca, and Si. c. fueling increased primary production in ocean waters. d. acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells.
acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells.
Phytoplankton include a. larger invertebrates and fish b. all of these listed. c. algae and cyanobacteria d. protozoa and invertebrates
algae and cyanobacteria
A population consists of a. all of the individuals that interact in the same area. b. all of the individuals of one species in the same area. c. all of the individuals of all species in the same area. d. all of the individuals that interact in different areas.
all of the individuals that interact in the same area.
Anammox is an anaerobic process that generates energy from ________ and forms N2. a. ammonia and nitrate b. ammonia c. ammonia and nitrite d. ammonium
ammonia and nitrite
The metabolic process of ammonification ________ ammonia. a. produces b. reduces c. oxidizes d. transforms
produces
The generation time of Escherichia coli in the human intestine is ________ in laboratory culture. a. more optimal than b. faster than c. at about the same rate as d. slower than
slower than
Which metric describes the proportion of EACH species present in a community? a. species evenness b. species diversity c. species abundance d. species richness
species abundance
Some nitrifying prokaryotes carry out metabolic cooperation by a process known as a. antagonism. b. niche partitioning. c. competition. d. syntrophy.
syntrophy.
Alternative autotrophic routes to the Calvin cycle such as the reverse citric acid cycle and the hydroxypropionate pathway are unified in their requirement for a. coenzyme A. b. NAD(P)H. c. organic compound(s) formed. d. CO2.
CO2
________ are the main primary producers in freshwater environments. a. Viral microorganisms b. Heterotrophic microorganisms c. Phototrophic microorganisms d. Chemolithotrophic microorganisms
Phototrophic microorganisms *
How does the concentration of prokaryotic cells at the surface of pelagic water compare with the concentrations at depths below 1000 m? a. There is a steady increase in concentration with increasing depth. b. There is a decrease in concentration from 1 m to 1000 m in depth, then a dramatic increase below 1000 m. c. There is a decrease in concentration with increasing depth. d. There is an increase in concentration at depths below 1000 m.
There is a decrease in concentration with increasing depth
Human interactions with the environment are a. not well understood in relation to infectious disease rates. b. increasing rates of infectious disease. c. unrelated to rates of infectious disease. d. decreasing rates of infectious disease.
increasing rates of infectious disease.
Bacterial oxidation of Fe2+ is commonly studied in chemolithotrophs that thrive under which specific environmental condition? a. low (acidic) pH b. nutrient-replete c. cold temperature d. high sunlight
low (acidic) pH
From the aquatic systems below, where are heterotrophic Bacteria the most abundant? a. deep sea b. deep sea vents c. open ocean d. marine coastal waters
marine coastal waters
Upwelling increases ________________ which can result in red tides (algae blooms). a. stratification of the water column b. nutrient availability c. temperature d. viral load in plankton
nutrient availability
Epsilonproteobacteria are most dominant in hydrothermal vents because they a. oxidize sulfide and sulfur as electron donors. b. reduce nitrogen in symbiosis with plants. c. use oxygen as electron acceptors. d. utilize organic compounds from photoautotrophs.
oxidize sulfide and sulfur as electron donors
Epsilonproteobacteria are most dominant in hydrothermal vents because they utilize organic compounds from photoautotrophs. use oxygen as electron acceptors. reduce nitrogen in symbiosis with plants. oxidize sulfide and sulfur as electron donors.
oxidize sulfide and sulfur as electron donors.
Microenvironments of soil exist where ________ concentrations greatly vary. a. oxygen, nitrate, and sulfur b. oxygen c. nitrate d. sulfur
oxygen, nitrate, and sulfur