Micro Review Ch. 1

Membrane-bound organelles are only found in the cell type called a(n)

Eukaryotic

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ______ Theory of disease

Germ

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

John Needham

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?

Smallpox is caused by bacteria

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

Spontaneous Generation

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Which of the following is true regarding all prokaryotes?

They lack a nucleus

Smallpox is

a viral disease

most stomach ulcers are treatable with

antibiotics

Plague is a

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

Plague is a _______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

Most bacteria divide by a process called____ ________, in which one cell enlarges and the divides.

binary fission

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

bubonic plague

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

cell walls of bacteria

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by ______.

destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle

All living organisms are now classified into three different taxonomic units called

domains

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

endospores

Life is divided into three domains. What are they?

eukarya archaea bacteria

characteristics of algae

eukaryotic unicellular photosynthetic multicellular

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

which of the following are eukaryotes?

fungi, algae, protozoa, helminths

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the ________ and gives information about the shape of the organism

genus

what does the scientific name of an organism include?

genus and species

Organisms living today ______.

may be classified in three domains.

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal

microbia

The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______.

microorganisms cause certain diseases

Microscopic fungi that are multicellular and filamentous are termed

molds

Which of the following are microscopic fungi?

molds and yeast

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.

more diverse

Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

nonliving acellular have nucleic acid and protein

In eukaryotes, the genetic material is contained within a membrane-bound structure called the

nucleus

Viruses are ______.

obligate intracellular agents

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled_________ that divide via the process of __________ ___________.

organisms, binary fission

Any disease causing microorganism

pathogen

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? Multiple choice question.

pathogens

All of the following are common characteristics of algae EXCEPT ______.

peptidoglycan

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called

peptidoglycan

In addition to chlorophyll, some algae have other _________, which give them their characteristic colors.

pigments

Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?

plague

The dividing bacterial cells can stick to each other. They can form characteristic arrangements such as pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on the _______. Multiple choice question.

plane of division

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

prokaryotic cell structure shapes and sizes energy sources used method of multiplication

The three domains of living organisms are

protista, fungi, protozoa

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as

protists

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.

run out

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

small size

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ______.

vaccine

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

viroids, viruses, prions

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______.

viruses

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the __________ ___________ and ______________.

viruses, viroids, prions

Emerging infectious diseases are those ______.

whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

Microscopic fungi that are single-celled are called

yeasts

Where are algae most likely to be found?

-moist terrestrial habitats -surface of oceans, lakes and streams

Scientific Order

1. Make an observation and something and ask a question about the situation 2. Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation 3. Collect Data from this experiment and draw a conclusion 4. Communicate the methods, results and conclusions

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons? Multiple select question.

1. Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties 2. microorganisms are cheaper to study 3. microorganism multiply quickly 4. Microorganism have the same basic metabolic mechanisms