micro sbm chapter 1

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 billion

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 billion years

Which of the following could be considered nomenclature?

Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona.

Which bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces?

Escherichia coli

Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces?

Escherichia coli 0157:57

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products?

Genetic engineering

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?

Inductive reasoning

Which describes a good hypothesis?

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

is the study of protozoa.

Protozoology

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?

Theory

Which is true regarding evolutionary theory?

Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Within microbiology, the study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms that does not include the Archaea is called

bacteriology

A___________ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm

is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm

Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history?

classification

The theory of _______________states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.

evolution

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

free-living organism

are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

fungi

Parasitology traditionally includes the study of:

helminth

The term __________ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

helminth

The term ____________ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

helminth

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce?

host

is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

With ____________ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

with _________ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

____________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population

infectious

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

lister

____________ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

microbiology

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

Describing the shape of cells and their arrangement would be part of which of the following?

morphology

is the study of fungi

mycology

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) _____________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant___________ prior to performing surgery.

phenol or carbolic acid

Describing the process of cell division in bacteria would be part of which of the following?

physiology

Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus?

prokaryotic

__________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

protozoa

are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

protozoa

___________ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

recombinant DNA

Viral particles are usually _________ (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.

smaller

Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated?

smallpox

A ____________ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that they have become known as ______________

superbugs

is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.

taxonomy

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

the development of a microscope

A scientific ___________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

A scientific _____________ , is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

A(n) _________ ,is a tentative explanation of an observation.

theory

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?

theory

Microbes can be found in the Antarctic. (T/F)

true

Microorganisms are ____________, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

virus

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?

viruses

Which are the most common microbes on earth?

viruses

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

viruses, algae, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa


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