Microbial Taxonomy Unit 6

hypha

(plural: hyphae) a thread-like filament of the molds

Fungi

(sing. fungus) a kingdom of organisms lacking flowers, leaves, or chlorophyll which derive nourishment from dead or living organic matter

win-win

Symbiosis is defined as a _______ relationship between two different species.

mycelium

a mass of hyphae which form a visible structure and perform a specific function in a fungus

Eukaryote

a membrane-bound nucleus and various other membrane-bound organelles

saprophyte

a plant that lives on decaying organic matter, examples of which include mushrooms, molds, mildew, bacteria, rusts, and smuts

sporangium

a sac-like structure which holds the spores

parasite

an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host.

Eukaryote

an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

prokaryote

an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus that is bound by a membrane

penicillin

antibiotic formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, which when discovered opened a whole new world of medicine

budding

asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell that has pinched off

fermentation

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by a living organism

multi-nucleated

cell structure with more than one nucleus

six-kingdom system

classification system that includes Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria

club fungi

common name basidiomycetes, characterized by club-shaped fruiting bodies

sac fungi

common name of species of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by sac-shaped fruiting bodies

Prokaryote

does not have a true nucleus or any other membrane-bound structures within each cell.

zygosporangium

sexual reproductive structure formed where two hypha of mold contact each other

ascus

spore-bearing structure or fruiting body of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota; sac-shaped

gills

spore-producing reproductive structures of a mushroom, typically found on the underside of the cap

fruiting bodies

spore-producing reproductive structures of fungi

sporangiaphore

stalk-like structure of mycelia which supports the sporangium of species of the phylum Zygomycota

stalk

stem-like structure of a mushroom which supports the cap and gills

ring

structure found on some mushrooms around the stalk, which structure is left over from a protective covering that was present when the mushroom was first developing

Lichens

symbiotic structures between a fungi and an alga or a fungi and a cyanobacteria

Protista

the kingdom of eukaryotic organisms which do not fit into the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi

Eubacteria

the kingdom of prokaryotic organisms which are commonly known as bacteria

Archaea

the kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms known for living in environments in which all other organisms are unable to survive in

Animalia

the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms commonly known as animals

Plantae

the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms which are capable of producing their own food commonly known as plants

yeast

various unicellular fungi that are capable of reproducing by budding and from ascospores and are able to ferment their own carbohydrates

eukaryotes and prokaryotes

All living organisms can be classified into two groups based on their cellular structure

Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, or Chytridiomycota

All organisms classified within the kingdom Fungi are assigned to one of the four phyla

parasites or saprophytes

Almost all fungi can be classified as either

100,000 species

Approximately______ species are in the kingdom Fungi

host

organism in or on which a parasite lives

Basidiomycota

phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "club fungi," which includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts

Ascomycota

phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "sac fungi" which includes morels and yeasts

Zygomycota

phylum (or division) or fungi commonly known as mold

Chytridiomycota

phylum of aquatic fungi commonly called chytrids, characterized by flagellated reproductive cells

Fungi cell walls are composed of chitin. Fungi do not produce their own food. Fungi do not exhibit tissue differentiation.

reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants.

zygospore

reproductive cell containing genetic material from each parent organism, able to grow into a complete new mold structure

spores

reproductive cells often covered with a protective coating

obtain food from non-living organic material

Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?

the shape of their spore-producing structures

Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to:

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista

Kingdoms that contain all eukaryotes

Archaea and Eubacteria

Kingdoms that contain all prokaryotes

hyphae

Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called __________.

How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?

They produce enzymes which break down organic molecules into a useable form.

phylum

level of taxon below kingdom, also called division in the plant and plant-like kingdoms

chitin

main molecular component of the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of some animals

morels

multicellular species of the phlyum Ascomycota which are also known as sponge mushrooms, although they are not true mushrooms

cap

mushrooms' fruiting body; the umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom.

symbiosis

mutually beneficial relationship between two species, for example, lichens

stolon

mycelia of species of the phylum Zygomycota which act as anchors and connect the sproangiophores of a mold structure

rhizoids

mycelia responsible for obtaining food from the non-living organic matter on which a fungus is growing